This book presents the findings of socio-anthropological field studies on customary laws and social order in Egypt. The first chapter presents comprehensive documentation of “Al Awayid”, the customary laws of the Awlad Ali tribes, which prevail and govern political, kinship, and economic relations in the tribal semi-Bedouins and rural communities in the western desert and the Al Beheira governorate. It also traces changes in these laws that have occurred during the last forty years as a result of ecological, demographic, economic, cultural, and administrative changes in the region. The chapters which follow concentrate on such specific and relevant subjects as customary laws; criminal responsibility judgments and peaceful relations; women’s rights in tribal communities; economic development and the Arab family; Arabic writings on homosexuality and lesbianism; youth and innovation in rural culture; and violence in contemporary societies. The book concludes with a chapter on the 2013 Egyptian rebellion as a result of deviation in the Arab Spring.
Mohamed’s Mission spans the fall of Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie, the rise of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Soviet Derg, and the attempt by the Somalian dictatorial president, Ziad Barre, to reconquer Ethiopian territory that was once considered part of Greater Somalia before western powers divvied up the Horn of Africa. Those arbitrary national boundaries fractured previous clan territorial arrangements on all sides of Somalia, ensuring conflict in the future. Mohamed Osmaan’s life threads through the story, a light trace illuminating the plight of the Oromo, the largest ethnonation in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. The reader witnesses the heavy hand of the naftagna, and deaths from cholera and famine due to wilful government negligence. Mohamed, his character strengthened by his devotion to Allah and the Quraan, resolves many disputes, consoles the mistreated, and brings justice to bear within a violent environment, and in so doing suffers frequent imprisonment and torture. Mohamed parlays a collaboration between the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) founded by Jaarraa Abbaa Gadaa and the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF), and is responsible for an all-Oromo three-battallion Saddahaad within the WSLF, which serves to protect the many defenceless, neutral Oromo villages in the battle zone during the Ethio-Somali war, and chases off Somali rebel bandits afterwards. Befriending members of the Afran Qalloo Network and village elders along the way, Mohamed forges an escape route to Hargeeysa that allows prominent and homeless Oromos to flee Ethiopian persecution. Before becoming a member of the diaspora, Mohamed sought to unify the two OLF factions: one under the command of Jaarraa, the other led by Leencoo Lattaa. Realizing a divided OLF would remain ineffective, he traveled to Saudi Arabia to try to persuade the powerful Sheekh Amaan to negotiate a reconciliation. Unfortunately, he was unsuccessful. While in Saudi, he experienced Hajj. These are some of the highpoints. There is so much more!
Sal Davis is the stage name and identity of the son of an Arab aristocrat Sharif Abdallah Salim of Mombasa. The life of Salim Abdallah Salim (Sal Davis) was laid out and planned. He would be sent to England to study Law and return to Mombasa to practise Law and probably emulate his father who was a member of the law-making Legislative Council. Like in the Albert Hammond song; he gave it up for music. How did this happen? Mohamed Said the author of this Autobiography is a researcher and historian of the independence struggles in East Africa. Mohamed Said was born in Dar es Salaam, and lived an urban social life of the middle class of the 1960's and 70's filled with music of the emerging black artistes, actors and athletes. As a teenager and young man of the town, he indulged in music. The opportunity to write an autobiography of one and possibly the only international popstar with East African origins was irresistible. "His compassion, empathy for the underdog and humanness stand in stark contrast to the hubris and egotism usually associated with famous artistes in the calibre of Sal Davis." Ahmed Rajab
This book brings into focus the relationship between Internet development, youth activism, cyber resistance, and political participation. Taking Tunisia as a case study, it examines the digital culture of contention that developed in an authoritarian context, providing a unique perspective on how networked Arab publics negotiate agency, reconfigure political action, and reimagine citizenship.
The Al Khalifa of Bahrain is a long-standing dynasty that has established dispute resolution measures to overcome intra-tribal ambitions for power and wealth, replacing extra-constitutional rulership succession with primogeniture. Since their control over Bahrain began in 1783 until the British withdrawal from the Gulf in 1971, the Al Khalifa introduced ten senior ruling shaykhs, seven of whom experienced turbulent successions, and faced in-house rivalries and power-seeking disputes. This book provides valuable insights into how the Al Khalifa tribe managed to shape and maintain their patrimonial rule for over 240 years, ultimately emerging as one of the most prevailing and enduring royal families in the region today. It delves into their strategies and tactics for overcoming local contexts, external challenges, and intra-tribal rivalries. The book is an essential read for anyone interested in the history and politics of Bahrain and the Gulf region.
This book is an account of the changing social and political structure of the Hassaniya and Hissinat, two Sudanese Arabic speaking tribes inhabiting the northern part of the White Nile Province in the Sudan. The account is based on field research over 15 months, between June 1969 and November 1970, among these groups.
Despite advances in modern communication and the proliferation of information, there remain areas of the world about which little is known. One such place is Somalia. The informed public is aware of a political meltdown and consequent chaos there, but few comprehend the causes of this tragic crisis. This new edition covers Somalia's origin, history, culture, and language, as well as current economic and political issues. The alphabetical arrangement of this Dictionary, with a complete chronology, list of acronyms, and in-depth bibliography provide useful information about the country in a convenient format. A vital addition to reference collections supporting undergraduate and graduate programs on Africa and the Middle East, international relations, and economics- a useful fact-filled compendium for government and public libraries, NGO's, and other special libraries
This book is a critical reposition of the study of military regimes in Africa. Documenting and delving deep into the reign and rule of General Mohamed Siad Barre regime in Somalia from 1969 up to 1991, the book puts emphasis on African agencies—ostensibly shaped by external beneficiaries and patrons—over what went wrong with Africa after the much-awaited post-colonial period. It does so by critically engaging with the wider theoretical and conceptual frameworks in African Studies which more often than not tend to attribute the post-colonial African State raptures to colonialism. The main thesis of the book is that colonialism left Africa on its own space wherein African leaders could have made a difference. By putting discrete perspectives into historical context, the book circumnavigates through comparative and comprehensive holistic approach to the Siad Barre regime to reveal how colonialism did not produce less than what criminalisation of the State resulted in Somalia. This empirical analysis is crucial to understanding the contemporary conundrum facing the Somali world today. The argument is that the contemporary conflicts are not only attributable to—but also because of—the past plunders of the post-colonial leaders trained by the departed colonial authorities. Employing nuanced analytic concepts and categories, the aim of the book is to refine the past to recapture the present and envision the future. Framing new ways of analyzing military regimes in Africa begins with (re)assessment of how the Siad Barre regime was previously approached. Marshalling extensive and extraordinary amount of sources, the book unveils the intricacies and contradictions of the dictatorship and its impact on the Somali psyche. The book locates the evolution of the regime within the wider context of the Cold War political contestation between the East and the West. Unparalleled in-depth and analysis, this book is the first full-length scholarly study of the Siad Barre regime systematically explaining the politics and process of the dictatorial rule. The historicity of exploring Somali State trajectory entails employing a Braudelian longue durée approach. Thus, three interrelated sets of contexts/questions inform the study: how Siad Barre himself came into power, how he ruled and maintained his authoritarian reign over the Somalis and who had assisted him from inside and outside the Somali world.
A journey through Central Asia and beyond, Moon over Samarqand is the story of one Egyptian's quest for the truth. Seeking explanations to his troubled past through a long-lost friend in Samarqand, Ali's travel brings him into encounters with the Uzbekistan of today, yesterday, and once upon a time. His tale embraces many tales those of his confounding taxi driver, of Islamic activists, and of the criminal underworld, as well as stories of struggles against authoritarianism in Egypt. Woven among these are legendary tales of gypsies, khans, and madmen, of magic, treasure, and love. Drawing parallels between Uzbekistan and Egypt, the novel shows diverse historical and modern connections between Central Asia and the Arab world. Painting a vivid portrayal of idealistic visionaries and brutal regimes, the novel explores power struggles between opposition currents and governments since the Uzbeki Soviet era and Egypt's Nasser period. Moon over Samarqand received the 2006 Sawiris Foundation Award for Literature.
The Arab uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa in the period from 2011- 2012 left an indelible mark on the socio-political landscape of the region. But that mark was not consistent across the region: while some countries underwent dramatic popular social and political changes, others teetered on the brink, or were left with the status quo intact. Street revolutions toppled despotic regimes in Tunisia, Libya, and momentarily in Egypt, while mounting serious challenges to authoritarian regimes in Syria and Yemen. Algeria’s entrenched bureaucratic-cum-military authoritarian system proved resilient until the recent events of early 2019 which forced the resignation of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika before the end of his term on 28 April 2019. As in Algeria, protestors in Sudan succeeded, after months of demonstrations, in overthrowing the government of Omar al-Bashir. Several Arab monarchies still appear stable and have managed to weather the tempest of the Arab revolutions, albeit not without fissures showing in the edifice of their states, accompanied by some minor constitutional changes. Where Tunisians, Egyptians, Yemenis, Syrians, and Libyans demanded regime changes in their political systems, protesters in the Arab monarchies have called on the kings and emirs to reform their political system from the top down, indicating the sizeable monarchical advantage. Historical Dictionary of the Arab Uprisings contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on the terms, persons and events that shaped the Arab Spring uprisings. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Arab Uprisings.
This book investigates a number of urgent issues in contemporary Egyptian society, brought to light through over fifty years of fieldwork. The subjects explored here include folk traditions and customs of the lifecycle; pregnancy and childbirth; the socialization of boys and girls; engagement and wedding ceremonies; funerary rituals and the traditions of mourning; the social stratification system and tribal relationships; and violence in contemporary societies, among others.
MOHAMED TAHIR TALIB had his early education in Singapore and thence to The English College, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Trained as an English and History teacher in the Regional Teachers Training Centre, he has taught in schools in Johor. He retired as an Assistant Headmaster. NORZIMAH ISMAIL had her early education at the Sultan Ibrahim Girls School, Johor Bahru and thence her secondary education at the Convent of The Holy Infant Jesus, Johor Bahru. Trained as an English and Modern Mathematics teacher in the Regional Teachers Training Centre, Norzimah has also Certifi cates in Teaching English as a foreign language and Teaching English as a second language and A Post Certifi cate in Guidance and Counselling. She retired as a School Principal of Sri Utama International School Johor Bahru.
Through analysis of the Covenants of the Prophet Muḥammad, which pledge protection to diverse faith communities, this book makes a profoundly important contribution to research on early Islam by determining the Covenants’ historicity and textual accuracy. The authors focus on the Prophet Muḥammad’s relationship with other faith communities by conducting detailed textual and linguistic analysis of documents which have received little scholarly consideration before. This not only includes decrees of the Prophet Muḥammad, ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, and Mu‘āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān, but also of important Muslim rulers. They present their findings in relation to contemporaneous historical writings, historic testimonies, official recognition, archaeological evidence, historic scribal conventions, date-matching calculations, textual parallelisms, and references in Muslim and non-Muslim sources. They also provide new and revised translations of various Covenants issued by the Prophet Muḥammad which were attested by Muslim authorities after him. The authors argue that the claim of forgery is no longer tenable following the application of rigorous textual and historical analysis. This book is essential reading for Muslims, Christians, Jews, Samaritans, and Zoroastrians, as well as anyone interested in interfaith relations, Islamophobia, extremist ideologies, security studies, and the relationship between Orthodox and Oriental Christianity with Islam.
One health is an approach in managing complex or ‘wicked’ problems such as emerging zoonoses. This book contains cases on emerging zoonosis innovatively crafted in a problem-based learning format to address the disease problems while exploring the relevant technical and core competencies necessary to effectively solve the problem. This book is a compilation of 11 cases that are pertinent to the Southeast Asian region. These cases will enable the discovery of solutions to challenge using the One Health concept, utilization of One Health competencies to address the problem, and solving of complex problems at the interface of human, animal, and the environment. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Helvetica}
The Gulf state of Qatar tops the Forbes list of the world's richest countries. In 2010, the country had the world's highest GDP per capita, and its reserves of oil and natural gas are vast. It has been estimated that Qatar will invest more than $120 billion in the energy sector over the next ten years. Yet Qatar has climbed to this pinnacle of wealth and influence in a remarkably short time, and from a starting point of obscurity and insignificance. This astonishing transition is the direct result of the efforts nearly 200 years ago of one visionary man - Jassim bin Muhammad Bin Thani, known as 'the Leader'. Qatar in the 1830s was a fragmented region, a desert peninsula without security or borders, where coastal communities depended on pearling for survival, while constantly at the mercy of tribal raiders. Jassim's background in this precarious environment led to his understanding that the gap between tribal settled peoples must be bridged, and then to his harnessing of regional conflicts to create a unified Qatari state. Skilfully allying with Ottoman forces to fend off the British, Jassim established power in the newly rebuilt capital, Doha, eventually becoming the first leader of the new country. Little known outside Qatar, Jassim's extraordinary achievement cannot be understated. By the time of his death on the eve of the First World War, both the Ottomans and the British had recognised Qatar's autonomy, and the way was open for the country he had created to move steadily forward to its enviable economic position today.
We have compiled these exercises as English Language Teachers in Malaysia. We have used them for our children, our friends children and our tuition students and they have scored A1 in all their examinations. Today they can converse comfortably with anyone from the US, Great Britain or Australia. We could not use these exercises fully with our classroom students because we were tied down by the constraints of the Government Syllabus and insufficient teaching time. As fluency in spoken English is the objective of these lessons, the answers must be in oral form. Too much emphasis is on written exercises when we know that 99.9% of the words we use come from our mouth and not from our hands and pen .
Analysis of North African revolt against authoritarianism, known as the ‘Arab Spring’, embraced reductionist explanations such as the social media, youth unemployment and citizens’ agitations to regain dignity in societies humiliated by oppressive regimes. This book illustrates that reductionist approaches can only elucidate some symptoms of a social problem while leaving unexplained the economic and political structures which contributed to it. One outcome of quiescence, resource-based ethnic and sectarian conflicts and faulty development paradigm is deepened inequality and a wedge between winners and losers or affluence, wealth and power vis-à-vis poverty and hunger among humiliated jobless and hope-less masses. The book blends theories of development and transition to explain the complex factors which contributed to North Africans’ revolt against authoritarianism and its long-term consequences for political development in the Arab World. This timely book is of great interest to researchers and students in Development Studies, Economics and Middle Eastern Studies as well as policy makers and democracy, human rights and social justice activists in the Arab world.
This book discusses the strategic shift in ownership of Aramco, the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, and its potential impact on Aramco's role in a post- privatized world. Scheduled to become an IPO in 2018, Aramco is on the verge of becoming the largest IPO on the market. As the world’s largest oil and gas company, Aramco’s impending privatization has important implications for the world’s petroleum market. This book, therefore, undertakes an analysis of Aramco, examining its history, its current role in Saudi Arabia’s economy, and its future role as an IPO. The chapters highlight the likely outcomes for Aramco in proceeding with its planned IPO and privatization, as well as the various policy options and models available to it by drawing on the privatization of other national oil companies in Norway , Russia, Brazil, and China. The book also explores the complexities that will be involved in transforming Saudi Aramco to a privatized company—albeit with significant government oversight and control—and addresses key questions on the issues likely to be faced, such as IPO pricing, the listing, domain, and market capacity, and potential stakeholders. As such, this book will be of interest to academic researchers studying energy economics, energy policy, and the political economy of the Middle East, as well as private sector decision makers in energy related fields, international organizations, international oil companies, energy commodity traders, and public sector energy policy makers with interest in Saudi Arabia and Aramco’s IPO.
An extraordinary book. Mohamed Amer Meziane's breathtaking analysis of the making of fossil states opens to a new genre of history writing where the very layers of earth's riches are at its center." —Ann Laura Stoler, author of Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power, Along the Archival Grain How the disenchantment of empire led to climate change While industrial states competed to colonize Asia and Africa in the nineteenth century, conversion to Christianity was replaced by a civilizing mission. This new secular impetus strode hand in hand with racial capitalism in the age of empires: a terrestrial paradise was to be achieved through accumulation and the ravaging of nature. Far from a defence of religion, The States of the Earth argues that phenomena such as evangelism and political Islam are best understood as products of empire and secularization. In a world where material technology was considered divine, religious and secular forces both tried to achieve Heaven on Earth by destroying Earth itself.
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • A roadmap to what lies ahead and the decisions we must make now to stave off the next global economic and financial crisis, from one of the world’s most influential economic thinkers and the author of When Markets Collide • Updated, with a new chapter and author’s note “The one economic book you must read now . . . If you want to understand [our] bifurcated world and where it’s headed, there is no better interpreter than Mohamed El-Erian.”—Time Our current economic path is coming to an end. The signposts are all around us: sluggish growth, rising inequality, stubbornly high pockets of unemployment, and jittery financial markets, to name a few. Soon we will reach a fork in the road: One path leads to renewed growth, prosperity, and financial stability, the other to recession and market disorder. In The Only Game in Town, El-Erian casts his gaze toward the future of the global economy and markets, outlining the choices we face both individually and collectively in an era of economic uncertainty and financial insecurity. Beginning with their response to the 2008 global crisis, El-Erian explains how and why our central banks became the critical policy actors—and, most important, why they cannot continue is this role alone. They saved the financial system from collapse in 2008 and a multiyear economic depression, but lack the tools to enable a return to high inclusive growth and durable financial stability. The time has come for a policy handoff, from a prolonged period of monetary policy experimentation to a strategy that better targets what ails economies and distorts the financial sector—before we stumble into another crisis. The future, critically, is not predestined. It is up to us to decide where we will go from here as households, investors, companies, and governments. Using a mix of insights from economics, finance, and behavioral science, this book gives us the tools we need to properly understand this turning point, prepare for it, and come out of it stronger. A comprehensive, controversial look at the realities of our global economy and markets, The Only Game in Town is required reading for investors, policymakers, and anyone interested in the future.
The failure of reform policies in areas of critical importance to Arab populations such as health and education played a central role in igniting the Arab Awakening, yet this policy perspective has been largely absent from recent studies of the region. Arab regimes most reliant on repression to guarantee their survival were also those most vulnerable to mass politics. Where threats to regime survival have been limited, so have more meaningful reforms been possible, finding an alternative to political change through focusing on "soft policy" areas such as education. A Political Economy of Arab Education offers a comprehensive analysis of K-12 education systems in Arab countries, deepening understanding of their administrative structures and outcomes, and exploring how political considerations have impacted the ability of Arab regimes to engage in meaningful reform. Taking a unique comparative political economy perspective, it examines the reasons behind policy stagnation in Arab countries, addressing the effects of size, history and political stability on the design and implementation of policies and administrative structures. Its informed analysis and comparison of education systems provides new insight into Arab regimes and highlights factors pulling them towards either stagnation or reform. Examining the sustainability of reforms and establishing the benefits of engaging in meaningful change, this book sheds light on why some regimes survived the Arab Spring while others crumbled and formulates convincing predictions on the potential for future regime change in the region. This book will be of key interest to students and scholars of Middle Eastern Studies, International and Comparative Education and Development Studies.
The Politicisation of Islam: A Case Study of Tunisia traces the emergence, rise, and recent eclipse of the modern Tunisian Islamic movement, al-Nahda, and provides a comprehensive analysis of its political, social, and intellectual discourse. A valuable contribution to the study of political Islam, this is the first complete analysis, in English, of the history of this modern Tunisian Islamic movement. } The Politicisation of Islam: A Case Study of Tunisia traces the emergence, rise, and recent eclipse of the modern Tunisian Islamic movement, al-Nahda, and provides a comprehensive analysis of its political, social, and intellectual discourse. The first two chapters concentrate on the factors behind the emergence of al-Nahda and its politicization. The three major confrontations between the movement and the Tunisian regime, which culminated in 1991 in the banning of all al-Nahda activities inside Tunisia, is explored in Chapter Three. The author discusses the basic concepts of political Islam in the movements literature in Chapter Four, in particular the Islamists rejection of secularism, and al-Nahda s proposal for a modern Islamic state in Chapter Five. In the concluding chapter, the author addresses the Islamists cultural agenda and their insistence on an Islamic identity for Tunisia.A valuable contribution to the study of political Islam, this is the first complete analysis, in English, of the history of this modern Tunisian Islamic movement. }
This book examines the evolution of Islam in our modern world. The renowned Tunisian scholar Mohamed Haddad traces the history of the reformist movement and explains recent events related to the Islamic religion in Muslim countries and among Muslim minorities across the world. In scholarly terms, he evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of theological-political renovation, neo-reformism, legal reformism, mystical reformism, radical criticism, comprehensive history and new approaches within the study of Islam. The book brings to life the various historical, sociological, political and theological challenges and debates that have divided Muslims since the 19th century. The first two chapters address failed reforms in the past and introduce the reader to classical reformism and to Mohammed Abduh. Haddad ultimately proposes a non-confessional definition of religious reform, reinterpreting and adjusting a religious tradition to modern requirements. The second part of the book explores perspectives on contemporary Islam, the legacy of classical reformism and new paths forward. It suggests that the fundamentalism embodied in Wahhabism and Muslim Brotherhood has failed. Traditional Islam no longer attracts either youth or the elites. Mohamed Haddad shows how this paves the way for a new reformist departure that synthesizes modernism and core Islamic values.
Using an ensemble of sources and current concepts, this book proposes new ways of conceiving the place of the caravan and the dynasty in Maghribian historical experiences and modes of identification.
This volume presents the results of the Italian archaeological mission at Kom al-Ahmer and Kom Wasit, Beheira, Egypt between 2012 and 2016. It provides details of the survey and excavation results of the different occupation phases, which range from the Late Dynastic to the Early Islamic period.
Managing across Cultures introduces the concepts, policies and practices of managing resources in different socioeconomic, political and cultural contexts. It is structured on a country-by-country basis to allow a closer and more rigorous examination of the factors that influence labour market trends, organization and employment policies and practices in specific countries. The book: - includes dedicated chapters on emerging economies in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America - provides an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings and the practical implications of different national approaches to management in a clear and coherent style -packed with case studies and examples from a wide range of geographical contexts - contains learning features such as: learning objectives; tasks; summaries; suggestions for further reading; and revision questions.
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