This case study examines country-level primary health care (PHC) systems in Qatar in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic between January 2020 and August 2022. The case study is part of a collection of case studies providing critical insights into key PHC strengths, challenges and lessons learned using the Astana PHC framework, which considers integrated health services, multisectoral policy and action, and people and communities. Led by in-country research teams, the case studies update and extend the Primary Health Care Systems (PRIMASYS) case studies commissioned by the Alliance in 2015.
This case study examines country-level primary health care (PHC) systems in Qatar in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic between January 2020 and August 2022. The case study is part of a collection of case studies providing critical insights into key PHC strengths, challenges and lessons learned using the Astana PHC framework, which considers integrated health services, multisectoral policy and action, and people and communities. Led by in-country research teams, the case studies update and extend the Primary Health Care Systems (PRIMASYS) case studies commissioned by the Alliance in 2015.
In 1801, at the age of just 20 years old, Ranjit Singh became the Maharaja of the Punjab Empire and subsequently became one of the greatest figures in the history of India. He was a fiercely brave leader, capturing the city of Lahore before becoming Maharaja and overcoming a variety of challenges during his 40-year rule, such as harsh terrain, an ethnically and religiously diverse population and strong aggressors including the British and the Afghans. Despite such challenges, Ranjit Singh was able to unite Punjab's various factions yet rule a nation that was strictly secular; the Maharaja was benevolent to his subjects no matter their ethnicity or religion and sought to promote interfaith unity through policies of equality and non-discrimination. Aside from building his own nation, Ranjit built solid strategic relations with his most challenging aggressor - the British. Through stamina and political will, he managed to establish a formal treaty between the two and secured from 1809 Britain's protection against third party attempts to conquer the Punjab. Following Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the Empire fell into decline. Just six years later, the Punjabis attacked the British, and in 1845 they were beaten and forced to sign the Treaty of Lahore, essentially conceding control to the British.Ranjit Singh's personal characteristics and leadership skills were what held the Punjab nation together in a tumultuous period in history. Mohamed Sheikh's new account of Singh's life illustrates these characteristics and skills and illuminates the man who singlehandedly created and sustained the Empire.
This Book Presents A Survey Of Human, Institutional And Documentary Sources Pertaining To Islamic Studies In India. It Covers A Wide Spectrum Of Reference Books, Journals, Doctoral Researches, Cities Of Historical Importance, Research Guides In Universities, Scholars, Authors And Institutions Including Colleges, Universities, Libraries, Publishing And Distributing Agencies.
This book applies both industrial engineering and computational intelligence to demonstrate intelligent machines that solve real-world problems in various smart environments. It presents fundamental concepts and the latest advances in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques and their application to smart environments. Though managers and engineers often use multi-criteria analysis in making complex decisions, many core problems are too difficult to model mathematically or have simply not yet been modeled. In response, as well as discussing AI-based approaches, Soft Computing for Smart Environments covers various optimization techniques, decision analytics, and data science in applying soft computing techniques to a defined set of smart environments, including smart and sustainable cities, disaster response systems, and smart campuses. This state-of-the-art book will be essential reading for both undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers interested in advanced MCDM techniques for management and engineering in relation to smart environments.
I.B.Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies Sharia has been a source of misunderstanding and misconception in both the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds. Understanding Sharia: Islamic Law in a Globalised World sets out to explore the reality of sharia, contextualising its development in the early centuries of Islam and showing how it evolved in line with historical and social circumstances. The authors, Raficq S. Abdulla and Mohamed M. Keshavjee, both British-trained lawyers, argue that sharia and the positive law flowing from it, known as fiqh, have never been an exclusive legal system or a fixed set of beliefs. In addition to tracing the history of sharia, the book offers a critique concerning its status today. Sharia is examined with regard to particular issues that are of paramount importance in the contemporary world, such as human rights; criminal penalties, including those dealing with apostasy, blasphemy and adultery, commercial transactions, and bio-medical ethics, amongst other subjects. The authors show that sharia is a legal system underpinned by ethical principles that are open to change in different circumstances and contexts, notwithstanding the claims for `transcendental permanence' made by Islamists. This book encourages new thinking about the history of sharia and its role in the modern world.
A comprehensive guide to mitigating risk and fostering growthin the Islamic financial sector Islamic finance, like conventional finance is a business offinancial intermediation. Its distinctive features relate tothe requirement that it abides by Shari'a rules that promotefairness of contracts and prevention of exploitation, sharing ofrisks and rewards, prohibition of interests, and tangible economicpurpose. Islamic finance should not fund activities considered“haram” or sinful. In Islamic Finance and EconomicDevelopment: Risk, Regulation, and Corporate Governance,authors Amr Mohamed El Tiby and Wafik M. Grais expound how thesedistinctive features bear on the opportunities and challengesfacing the Islamic finance industry’sdevelopment, risk management, regulation and corporategovernance. An experienced banker with various Middle East bankinginstitutions, notably as former Vice President at UAE UnionNational Bank and Mashreq bank, Dr. El Tiby offers aninformed perspective on corporate finance from within theIslamic finance industry. With a long experience in internationaldevelopment and finance, notably as former Director at the WorldBank and Founder and Chairman of a Cairo-based FinancialAdvisors company, Dr. Grais brings global financial experience onthe topics of financial systems assessments, corporate governance,Islamic finance, and public policy. Covers the history and basics of Islamic finance, and providesinsight into current conditions and future landscape Explores regulatory framework, including opportunities andchallenges for the industry’s development andmainstreaming Presents an approach to developing a systemic Shari'agovernance framework to govern operations in the Islamic finance industry
The Annual International Conference on Shi‘i Studies is organised by the Research and Publications Department of The Islamic College, London. The conference aims to provide a broad platform for scholars working in the field of Shi‘i Studies to present their latest research and to explore diverse opinions on Shi‘i thought, practice, and heritage. This book comprises a selection of papers from the fourth conference held on 5-6 May 2018.
Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges offers a detailed review of the history and development of pharmacy practice in developing countries across Africa, Asia, and South America. Pharmacy practice varies substantially from country to country due to variations in needs and expectations, culture, challenges, policy, regulations, available resources, and other factors. This book focuses on each country’s strengths and achievements, as well as areas of weakness, barriers to improvement and challenges. It sets out to establish a baseline for best practices, taking all of these factors into account and offering solutions and opportunities for the future. This book is a valuable resource for academics, researchers, practicing pharmacists, policy makers, and students involved in pharmacy practice worldwide as it provides lessons learned on a global scale and seeks to advance the pharmacy profession. Uses the latest research and statistics to document the history and development of pharmacy practice in developing countries Describes current practice across various pharmacy sectors to supply a valuable comparative analysis across countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America Highlights areas of achievement, strengths, uniqueness, and future opportunities to provide a basis for learning and improvement Establishes a baseline for best practices and solutions
This book is the first attempt to analyse the uslamics in its totality. The quantification technique used here is called Bibliometrics. And the work in hand is also the first attempt to apply the Bibliometric method to the study of islamic literature. It is on this basis that the author hopes his book to be of some significance to those concerned with Area studies, Orientalism, History, culture, comparative Religion and Islam.
Summary: Trade between the United States and the eighteen countries of the Middle East and North Africa continues to grow at a steady pace, especially with countries which have signed trade agreements with the United States.
A detailed look at the fast-growing field of Islamic finance and banking The guiding principle of Islamic finance has existed throughout Islamic history, yet modern Islamic banking has been around for a relatively short period of time. Author Amr Mohamed El Tiby is an expert in this field, and with this new book, he reveals how you can benefit from the use of Islamic banking strategies in your financial endeavors. Engaging and accessible, Islamic Banking shows the impact this approach has made on conventional banking since the 1950s, and why it's such a big player in the current market. It offers a unique look at various aspects of this field, including the salient features of Islamic banking that distinguishes it from non-Islamic banking, the development of the regulatory bodies and supervisory agencies that support the Islamic banking system, and much more. It also explores the nature of risk in Islamic banking and the issues of capital adequacy, corporate governance, transparency, and risk associated with Islamic banking. Discusses the history and development of Islamic finance Offers straightforward strategies for implementing Islamic finance into your business activities Sheds light on the effect of the global economic crisis on Islamic banks versus conventional banks Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, this detailed analysis of Islamic finance will help you gain a firm understanding of how effective this proven approach can be.
The primary purpose of this Telehealth Guideline is to provide the physicians who will be managing patients virtually, with a summary of the best available evidence for the virtual management of very common conditions among adults. These guidelines are presented in a format that comprises clinical history/symptoms, differential diagnosis, investigations and management. Identification of ‘red flags’ or serious conditions associated with the condition is an essential part of these guidelines as it helps the physician to manage patients safely and appropriately by referrals, if indicated during the virtual telehealth assessment, to ER, family physicians, or specialists for face-to-face assessment.
Did you know that many Koran verses encourage and command fighting against infidels (non-Muslims)? The truth is sometimes painful and hard to accept. This book, in the first time in history, accepts the reality that is the relationship between the Islamic texts and the terrorists acts. Extremists/ terrorists did not come from nowhere; they came from the Muslim society and narrated Koran verses. Muslims need a new Renaissance in their way of thinking and perceiving the other world around them. Islam reinterpretation and youth deradicalization is a must. Extremism is not anything except an inside conflict and chronic confusion expression. Outside the religious dogma, there is spiritual world, which someone can get God. Religions, all religions, cannot be used as an excuse for fighting and misunderstanding. Islam has a main section encouraging the peaceful coexistence, but not active and well addressed.
This book focuses on the development of novel combustion approaches and burner designs for clean power generation in gas turbines. It shows the reader how to control the release of pollutants to the environment in an effort to reduce global warming. After an introduction to global warming issues and clean power production for gas turbine applications, subsequent chapters address premixed combustion, burner designs for clean power generation, gas turbine performance, and insights on gas turbine operability. Given its scope, the book can be used as a textbook for graduate-level courses on clean combustion, or as a reference book to accompany compact courses for mechanical engineers and young researchers around the world.
The Al Khalifa of Bahrain is a long-standing dynasty that has established dispute resolution measures to overcome intra-tribal ambitions for power and wealth, replacing extra-constitutional rulership succession with primogeniture. Since their control over Bahrain began in 1783 until the British withdrawal from the Gulf in 1971, the Al Khalifa introduced ten senior ruling shaykhs, seven of whom experienced turbulent successions, and faced in-house rivalries and power-seeking disputes. This book provides valuable insights into how the Al Khalifa tribe managed to shape and maintain their patrimonial rule for over 240 years, ultimately emerging as one of the most prevailing and enduring royal families in the region today. It delves into their strategies and tactics for overcoming local contexts, external challenges, and intra-tribal rivalries. The book is an essential read for anyone interested in the history and politics of Bahrain and the Gulf region.
This Arabic / English side-by-side translation of the Koran (Al-Qur'an) brings together one of the best known translations in the English language - Maulana Muhammad Ali's classic text, juxtaposed with the original Arabic Koran. Mohamed A. 'Arafa, Ph.D. introduces the Koran with a detailed overview of Islam, Islamic law (the Shari'a) and the beliefs of Muslims. His Introduction examines Islam as a religion as well as current issues that Muslims face, practical and policy considerations in addressing terrorism and Islamic law as a positive legal system and a divine legal system. After careful examination, Maulana Muhammad Ali's translation was selected due to its careful fidelity in accurately conveying the meanings of the Arabic while maintaining fluidity in the English. The Arabic text contains all diacritical marks to aid students to master pronunciation in Koran recitation. Mohamed A. 'Arafa (Ph.D., Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law; LL.M., University of Connecticut School of Law; LL.B., Alexandria University School of Law) is Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice at Alexandria University Faculty of Law (Egypt); Adjunct Professor of Law at Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law (USA); a Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Brasília School of Law (Brazil); and a Visiting Professor/Scholar at Cornell University School of Law in New York. He serves as Managing Editor of the Arab Law Quarterly in London.
The meanings and contexts of Shari'a are the subject of both curiosity and misunderstanding by non-Muslims. Shari'a is sometimes crudely characterised by outsiders as a punitive legal system operating broadly outside, and separate from, national laws and customs. This groundbreaking book shows that Shari'a and its 'fiqh' (laws set forward by various Islamic legal schools) comprise a far more nuanced matrix of interpretations than is often assumed to be the case. Far from being monolithic or impervious to change from without, Muslim legal tradition has - since its beginnings in the early Islamic period - placed an emphasis on equity and non-adversarial conflict-resolution. Mohamed Keshavjee examines both Sunni and Shi'a applications of Islamic law, demonstrating how political, cultural and other factors have influenced the practice of fiqh and Shari'a in the West. Exploring in particular the modern development of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), the author shows that this process can revitalise some of the essential principles that underlie Muslim teachings and jurispudence, delivering not only formal remedies but also perceived justice, even to non-Muslims.
In the second half of the twentieth century, alongside the evolution of the global economy, modern technology, rapid transportation and multinational enterprises, there was an increased demand for a dispute resolution mechanism that met the needs of traders, international trade and economic policy-makers. Arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution has significantly gained in popularity in the Arab Gulf States over the past two decades or so. This is no doubt reason enough to take a closer look at the main theme that defines arbitration in this region. National courts of the Arab Gulf states are invariably seen as not very arbitration friendly, some possibly even hostile to arbitration. Public order, alongside the Islamic legal traditions, is seen as unruly horse that could possibly undermine the development of international commercial arbitration in this region. The contribution in this book will go some way toward dissipating the concerns that are routinely raised about the procedural and practical soundness of arbitration in the Arab Gulf states. In addition, the book serves to place arbitration in the Arab Gulf states in its present legal systems, national laws and courts practices.
This book aims to justify the use of fuzzy logic as a logic and as an uncertainty theory in the decision-making context. It also discusses the development of the TOPSIS method (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) with related examples and MATLAB codes. This is the first book devoted to TOPSIS and its fuzzy versions. It presents the use of fuzzy logic as a logic and as an uncertainty theory in the decision-making content and discusses the development of the TOPSIS method in classical and fuzzy context. The book justifies the use of fuzzy logic as an uncertainty theory and provides illustrative examples for each fuzzy TOPSIS extension, along with related MATLAB codes and case studies. This book is for industrial engineers, operations research engineers, systems engineers, and production engineers working in the areas of decision analysis, multi-criteria decision making, and multiple objective optimization.
Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related propels are logically dominating in business and society, and are beginning to be applied to clinical benefits. These advancements might perhaps change various pieces of patient thought, as well as administrative cycles inside the provider, payer, and medication affiliations. There are currently different investigation studies recommending that AI can continue as well as or better than individuals at key clinical benefits tasks, such as diagnosing disease. Today, estimations are at this point beating radiologists at spotting perilous developments and guiding experts in how to fabricate associates for costly clinical starters. In any case, in light of multiple factors, we acknowledge that it will be various earlier years AI replaces individuals for far-reaching clinical cycle regions. In this article, we depict both the potential that AI offers to robotize parts of care and a piece of the blocks too fast execution of AI in clinical benefits.
The Government of Aceh Province in Indonesia has established the Social Health Insurance (SHI) called Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA) in 2006 that provide health coverage to all 4.6 million population of the province. Fee-for-service was initially used as the provider payment method in the programme until 2013. In 2014, in line with the National Health Insurance of Indonesia (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional JKN), INA-CBG (Indonesia Case-Based Group) casemix system was adopted by JKA to replace the Fee-for-Service method. This book presents outcome of the evaluation done using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods on the implementation of JKA programme. The quantitative study was conducted to assess income of three selected hospitals (Type B, C and D) reimbursed using INA-CBG groups covering more than 17,000 cases. Quantitative data analysis revealed that overall, the hospitals received 32.4% higher income when reimbursed with casemix system (INA-CBG) as compared to fee-for-service. Type D hospital is the biggest gainer with 81.0% increase in income. In conclusion, the use of Casemix (INA-CBG) as a prospective payment method has benefitted the hospitals a lot. It is hope that additional resources gained through this programme will allow the hospitals to provide optimum care to the population.
Since the success of products significantly depends on the quality of product performance, inadequate management of the product design process can lead to improper performance of products that can result in significant long-term business losses. Design for Profitability: Guidelines to Cost Effectively Manage the Development Process of Complex Products presents a design guideline for complex product design and development that enables you to cost-effectively improve the technical performance of your products and consequently improve your competitiveness in the marketplace as well as improve profitability. The book helps you improve the competitiveness of your organization in the market and eventually improve profitability. It presents a mobile robots design guideline based on an empirical study of the mobile robots design process. This is an unprecedented guideline based on the empirical investigation of the internal aspects of the design process of complex products for cost-effectively enhancing the competitiveness in the market. The book also presents a hybrid lean-agile design paradigm for mobile robots. In addition, it points out key approaches and risks to manage the product development process efficiently. In designing complex products and integrated systems, industrial designers face a dilemma of cost-effectively striking a balance between product development time and product performance attributes. This book shows how and when value is added in product design and development through identifying statistically the most and least correlated design activities and strategies to product performance attributes. Introducing a new paradigm in the field of engineering design, the book gives you key approaches to efficiently manage the product development process.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.