This book presents a study of the most important methods of image segmentation and how they are extended and improved using metaheuristic algorithms. The segmentation approaches selected have been extensively applied to the task of segmentation (especially in thresholding), and have also been implemented using various metaheuristics and hybridization techniques leading to a broader understanding of how image segmentation problems can be solved from an optimization perspective. The field of image processing is constantly changing due to the extensive integration of cameras in devices; for example, smart phones and cars now have embedded cameras. The images have to be accurately analyzed, and crucial pre-processing steps, like image segmentation, and artificial intelligence, including metaheuristics, are applied in the automatic analysis of digital images. Metaheuristic algorithms have also been used in various fields of science and technology as the demand for new methods designed to solve complex optimization problems increases. This didactic book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of science, engineering, and computational mathematics. It is also suitable for courses such as artificial intelligence, advanced image processing, and computational intelligence. The material is also useful for researches in the fields of evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence, and image processing.
New Strategies Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Anticancer Drugs, Synthetic Analogues and Antitumor Agents presents up-to-date synthetic strategies for three categories of antimetabolites: antifolates, purines and pyrimidines, the main classes of antimetabolites which are integrated into various pharmaceutical agents. Many of these antimetabolites are considered potent chemotherapeutic agents which have great potential impact on medical research. These main classes of antimetabolites are used in the treatment of critical diseases including cancer, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and many other non-malignant diseases. Antineoplastic drugs such as alkylating agents which have significant effects are described. Novel synthetic strategies for many anticancer alkylating agents including nitrogen mustards, chlorambucil, melphalan, ifosamide, oxaliplatin and temozolomide are explored. Natural products have offered some of the most significant drugs for treating cancer, as many drugs currently in clinical use are derived from natural products as camptothecins, vinca alkaloids, and derivatives of podophyllotoxin. They provide a contribution that is essential for modern drug discovery and development. In this book, insights into a broad array of novel compounds are reviewed, well-recognized synthetic approaches are emphasized for further anticancer drug development and discovery, and the biological evaluation of novel synthesized compounds are included. This comprehensive reference is a valuable resource for medical chemists working in drug discovery and development, as well as pharmacologists and biochemists working in related fields. - Provides the only resource dedicated to synthetic strategies of antimetabolites - Features synthetic strategies for nucleosides and their analogues - Includes coverage of purine-, pyrimidine- and antifolate-based anticancer drugs - The most significant anticancer alkylating agents and natural products are demonstrated
This book examines the tomb of Khâemhat (Meḥ) TT57, the royal scribe and overseer of the granaries of Upper and Lower Egypt during the reign of Amenophis III. The tomb is regarded as one of the most important tombs at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna and the research on it was documented by the Center of Documentation and Studies on Ancient Egypt (CEDAE). Contributors Introduction by Hisham Elleithy Preface by Khaled El-Enany Text: Mohammed Abdel Latif El-Tanbouli (1968); revised by Charles Kuentz (1970) and Cynthia May Sheikholeslami (2016). Hieroglyphic texts: Abdel Aziz F. Sadek (1968); reviewed by Ahmed Abdel Hamid Youssef (1968). Line drawings: Mounira El-Demerdash, Farida Mostafa, Fouad Abdel Hamid, Sabry El Sayed, Mohammed Ali, Mohammed El-Sabaay, and Mohammed Moursi. Architectural surveys: Hassan El-Achiery. Overall revision: Christian Leblanc.
This book presents a comprehensive definition of smart grids and their benefits, and compares smart and traditional grids. It also introduces a design methodology for stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system with and without applying the smart grid concepts for comparison purposes. It discusses using renewable energy power plants to feed loads in remote areas as well as in central power plants connected to electric utilities. Smart grid concepts used in the design of the hybrid renewable power systems can reduce the size of components, which can be translated to a reduction in the cost of generated energy. The proposed hybrid renewable energy system includes wind, photovoltaic, battery, and diesel, and is used initially to feed certain loads, covering the load required completely. The book introduces a novel methodology taking the smart grid concept into account by dividing the loads into high and low priority parts. The high priority part should be supplied at any generated conditions. However, the low priority loads can be shifted to the time when the generated energy from renewable energy sources is greater than the high priority loads requirements. The results show that the use of this smart grid concept reduces the component size and the cost of generated energy compared to that without dividing the loads. The book also describes the use of smart optimization techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) to optimally design the hybrid renewable energy system. This book provides an excellent background to renewable energy sources, optimal sizing and locating of hybrid renewable energy sources, the best optimization methodologies for sizing and designing the components of hybrid renewable energy systems, and offers insights into using smart grid concepts in the system’s design and sizing. It also helps readers understand the dispatch methodology and how to connect the system’s different components, their modeling, and the cost analysis of the system.
Get to grips with key IoT aspects along with modern trends, architectures, and technologies that support IoT solutions, such as cloud computing, modern app architecture paradigms, and data analytics Key Features • Understand the big picture of designing production-grade IoT solutions from an industry expert • Get up and running with the development and designing aspects of the Internet of Things • Solve business problems specific to your domain using different IoT platforms and technologies Book Description With the rising demand for and recent enhancements in IoT, a developer with sound knowledge of IoT is the need of the hour. This book will help you design, build, and operate large-scale E2E IoT solutions to transform your business and products, increase revenue, and reduce operational costs. Starting with an overview of how IoT technologies can help you solve your business problems, this book will be a useful guide to helping you implement end-to-end IoT solution architecture. You'll learn to select IoT devices; real-time operating systems; IoT Edge covering Edge location, software, and hardware; and the best IoT connectivity for your IoT solution. As you progress, you'll work with IoT device management, IoT data analytics, IoT platforms, and put these components to work as part of your IoT solution. You'll also be able to build IoT backend cloud from scratch by leveraging the modern app architecture paradigms and cloud-native technologies such as containers and microservices. Finally, you'll discover best practices for different operational excellence pillars, including high availability, resiliency, reliability, security, cost optimization, and high performance, which should be applied for large-scale production-grade IoT solutions. By the end of this IoT book, you'll be confident in designing, building, and operating IoT solutions. What you will learn • Understand the detailed anatomy of IoT solutions and explore their building blocks • Explore IoT connectivity options and protocols used in designing IoT solutions • Understand the value of IoT platforms in building IoT solutions • Explore real-time operating systems used in microcontrollers • Automate device administration tasks with IoT device management • Master different architecture paradigms and decisions in IoT solutions • Build and gain insights from IoT analytics solutions • Get an overview of IoT solution operational excellence pillars Who this book is for This book is for E2E solution architects, systems and technical architects, and IoT developers looking to design, build, and operate E2E IoT applications and solutions. Basic knowledge of cloud computing, software engineering, and distributed system design will help you get the most out of this book.
The volume describes the economic structure of water supply in an rural environment of Egypt. It analyzes the situation to improve water and wastewater utilities and for connecting more people to the system to minimizes the health risk.
This book provides a collection of high-quality research works that address broad challenges in both theoretical and applied aspects of dynamic wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for intelligent and smart applications in a variety of environments. It presents the most central concepts associated with Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks applications, and discusses issues surrounding Wireless Sensor Network Structures for complex and mobile-based applications. The book subsequently discusses several topics related to energy management in dynamic WSNs, and reviews the steps involved in building a secure and trusted data transmission model using the WSN applications of intelligent environments. Lastly, it discusses the applications of WSNs in live data systems such as SCADA systems. Readers will discover a collection of high-quality research works that address broad challenges in both theoretical and applied aspects of WSNs for intelligent real-life applications. In addition, the book presents original research on the application of a dynamic WSN to solve the problem of energy consumption in a secure WSN during the process of data aggregation and transmission. Written by respected experts in the field, the book will stimulate further efforts in the application of the intelligent WSNs model, helping to solve the problem of data processing in a limited resource WSN-based environment.
This case study examines country-level primary health care (PHC) systems in Tunisia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic between January 2020 and August 2022. The case study is part of a collection of case studies providing critical insights into key PHC strengths, challenges and lessons learned using the Astana PHC framework, which considers integrated health services, multisectoral policy and action, and people and communities. Led by in-country research teams, the case studies update and extend the Primary Health Care Systems (PRIMASYS) case studies commissioned by the Alliance in 2015.
The longest civil war in the African continent between North and South Sudan ended by secession. However, similar conditions triggered other civil wars in other regions in the country. Genocide occurred during the strive which forecast eminent separations with economic and demographic catastrophes.
The Arab uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa in the period from 2011- 2012 left an indelible mark on the socio-political landscape of the region. But that mark was not consistent across the region: while some countries underwent dramatic popular social and political changes, others teetered on the brink, or were left with the status quo intact. Street revolutions toppled despotic regimes in Tunisia, Libya, and momentarily in Egypt, while mounting serious challenges to authoritarian regimes in Syria and Yemen. Algeria’s entrenched bureaucratic-cum-military authoritarian system proved resilient until the recent events of early 2019 which forced the resignation of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika before the end of his term on 28 April 2019. As in Algeria, protestors in Sudan succeeded, after months of demonstrations, in overthrowing the government of Omar al-Bashir. Several Arab monarchies still appear stable and have managed to weather the tempest of the Arab revolutions, albeit not without fissures showing in the edifice of their states, accompanied by some minor constitutional changes. Where Tunisians, Egyptians, Yemenis, Syrians, and Libyans demanded regime changes in their political systems, protesters in the Arab monarchies have called on the kings and emirs to reform their political system from the top down, indicating the sizeable monarchical advantage. Historical Dictionary of the Arab Uprisings contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on the terms, persons and events that shaped the Arab Spring uprisings. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Arab Uprisings.
“Decades go by and nothing happens; then weeks go by and decades happen”. This apt saying encapsulates the dramatic convulsions taking place across the Arab world that first erupted in 2011 in Tunisia and which rapidly spread to other countries. These events have affected the lives of ordinary citizens in many more ways than had been intended when the ‘Arab Spring’ broke out, with the endgame still not very clear as demonstrated in countries like Egypt, Syria and Libya. By comparison, with some exceptions, the six countries comprising the Gulf Cooperation Council have been relatively unaffected by the general turbulence and uncertainties lapping around them. However, geopolitical shifts involving global superpower rivalries, combined with revolutionary breakthroughs in the non-conventional hydrocarbon energy sector are threatening to challenge the importance of the Arabian Gulf as the world’s leading suppliers of energy, putting their economies under fiscal stress. The author examines such challenges by: • Providing the first in-depth statistical analytical assessment of the GCC countries using monthly data over the period 2001 -2013 for the three risk categories- economic, financial and political risks- and their sub –components so as to enable policymakers enhance components with low risk , while addressing components with perceived higher risk, • Assessing FDI and capital inflows and outflows before and after the “Arab Spring” , and how to encourage FDI inflows, • Inter –Arab and GCC trade and synergies in power transmission , transportation links and establishing new hubs of centers of manufacturing excellence , • Exploring private sector-led growth models to reduce forecasted unemployment. Being complacent is not an option for the GCC. The aim of the book is that having a better understanding of each of the GCC countries’ individual risk parameters will enable the GCC meet future challenges and reduce the chances of a negative ‘Arab Spring’ occurring in the region. Mohamed Ramady is a Visiting Associate Professor at the Department of Finance and Economics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. His main research interests are the economics of the Middle East and Saudi Arabia in particular, as well as money and banking He also held senior positions with international financial institutions in the Arabian Gulf and Europe.
In his early twenties Choukri takes the momentous decision to learn to read and write, and joins a children's class at the local state school in Tangier. When not at school he hangs out in cafés, drinking and smoking kif. Some nights he sleeps in a doss-house, but mostly he sleeps in mosques or on the street. He befriends many 'lowlife' characters, while the café habitués help him with his Arabic and the local prostitutes take him home, providing some human solace. Choukri's determination to educate himself, and his compassion for those with whom he shares his life on the streets is heartfelt and inspirational. 'As a writer, he is in an enviable position, though he paid a high price for it in suffering.' -- Paul Bowles 'Choukri's irrepressible, ultimately indomitable spirit is most touching and human.' -- The Independent 'Choukri is a powerful teller of stories. His telling of oppression is vivid and remarkable.' -- Morning Star
The book examines in depth, the centrality of the Saudi fixed currency regime to the US dollar, SAMA’s monetary tools, macro prudential policies and its supervision of the Saudi commercial banking sector and new sectors such as insurance, the emerging Fin Tech industry as well as a closer examination of SAMA’s investment policies as custodian of the local currency. Saudi Arabia has long been associated with its central role in the global energy market, with its decisions on production volumes affecting the global financial markets. However, the Kingdom has also emerged as a significant global financial player due to its large holdings of international currency, its dominance of the regional Gulf and Arab world capital markets, and the aspirations of its Sovereign Wealth Fund, the Public Investment Fund. The G20 Presidency in 2020 has also placed Saudi Arabia on the global stage for the country to showcase progress in many and opening up its financial market to foreign investors. But the path to financial regulation and liberation to unleash Saudi Arabia’s potential has not come overnight, but through incremental steps and learning by doing. The results speak for themselves as this book examines: • The Saudi Capital Market and the evolution of its main Tadawul and parallel NOMU stock markets following the inclusion of Tadawul in the FTSE Russell, MSCI and S&P EM Indexes • The centrality of the Saudi fixed peg exchange regime as well as a closer examination of SAMA’s investment policies as custodian of the local currency • SAMA’s rebranding in 2020 as a Central Bank, its monetary and macro prudential policies and the re entry of foreign banks to the Saudi market, reversing previous Saudization of foreign bank branches in Saudi Arabia. The Author offers an analysis of the key challenges facing Saudi Arabia in an age of financial globalization, FinTech and digitization. The challenges faced by the Saudi regulators in the COVID 19 era are examined, along with the country’s financial sector objectives as part of the Vision 2030 program, SME financing now a central plank in the country’s Vision 2030 program, the role of FDI in economic growth, the reasons behind Saudi Arabia languishing behind other countries in attracting FDI given the size of its economy and rising domestic and foreign debt levels. It has been an incredible journey for a young country, and by all indications, the journey for expanded global partnership continues as Saudi Arabia also puts into practice its version of the circular carbon economy, its commitment to climate change, and being at the forefront of a new global digital economy.
Mohamed Charfi advocates a profound revision of Islamic thought. He insists on a new reading of Islamic history and law, and explains why this is necessary. He stresses the primordial importance of education, and its independence from propagandists.
CS for IMGs is a comprehensive resource designed to help IMGs pass the Step 2 CS exam on the first attempt Thieme Review for the USMLE® Step 2: CS for IMGs includes all the components that International Medical Graduates (IMGs) need to pass the USMLE® Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS) exam. Created by international CS exam prep instructor and physician Mohamed Elawdy and expert American pronunciation trainer Dara Oken, this groundbreaking resource reflects their combined expertise in preparing IMGs for the CS exam. As such, it's the only resource needed for USMLE® CS prep! Key Features The first all-in-one CS review book Addresses all three exam components: ICE, CIS, and SEP ICE section provides systematic organization and consistency in its coverage of Medical History Taking, Physical Examination, and Patient Note SEP section includes word-level concepts (syllables and stress), sound-level concepts (consonants and vowels), and grammar concepts Practice-intensive tools Role-plays and model videos with standardized patients (SPs) SEP pronunciation and grammar explanations, exercises, and videos Flowcharts, checklists, and self-assessments Easy to replicate approach to target differential diagnosis The text and the accompanying audio and videos provide unparalleled study prep tailored to the CS that will lead to a higher score on this vital exam.
Metaheuristics Algorithms for Medical Applications: Methods and Applications provides readers with the most complete reference for developing Metaheuristics techniques with Machine Learning for solving biomedical problems. The book is organized to present a stepwise progression beginning with the basics of Metaheuristics, leading into methods and practices, and concluding with advanced topics. The first section of the book presents the fundamental concepts of Metaheuristics and Machine Learning, and also provides a comprehensive taxonomic view of Metaheuristics methods according to a variety of criteria such as data type, scope, method, and so forth. The second section of the book explains how to apply Metaheuristics techniques for solving large-scale biomedical problems, including analysis and validation under different strategies. The final portion of the book focuses on advanced topics in Metaheuristics in four different applications. Readers will discover a variety of new methods, approaches, and techniques, as well as a wide range of applications demonstrating key concepts in Metaheuristics for biomedical science. The book provides a leading-edge resource for researchers in a variety of scientific fields who are interested in metaheuristics, including mathematics, biomedical engineering, computer science, biological sciences, and clinicians in medical practice. - Introduces a new set of Metaheuristics techniques for biomedical applications - Presents basic concepts of Metaheuristics, methods and practices, followed by advanced topics and applications - Provides researchers, practitioners, and project stakeholders with a complete guide for understanding and applying metaheuristics and machine learning techniques in their projects and solutions
Summary: Trade between the United States and the eighteen countries of the Middle East and North Africa continues to grow at a steady pace, especially with countries which have signed trade agreements with the United States.
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