MissEstelle X Liu's Books

Stay Competitive in the Digital Age: The Future of Banks

By: MissEstelle X Liu

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Stay Competitive in the Digital Age: The Future of Banks

By: MissEstelle X Liu

The latest advancement in financial technology has posed unprecedented challenges for incumbent banks. This paper analyzes the implications of these challenges on bank competitveness, and explores the factors that could support digital advancement in banks. The analysis shows that the traditionally leading role of banks in advancing financial technology has diminished in recent years, and suggests that onoing efforts to catch up to the digital frontier could lead to a more concentrated banking industry, as smaller and less tech-savvy banks struggle to survive. Cross-country evidence has suggested that banks in high-income economies appear to have been the digital leaders, likely benefiting from a sound digital infrastructure, a strong legal and business environment, and healthy competition. Nonetheless, some digital leaders may fall behind in the coming years in adopting newer technologies due to entrenched consumer behavior favoring older technologies, less active fintech and bigtech companies, and weak bank balance sheets.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1513570056

ISBN 13

9781513570051

Correcting “Beyond the Cycle

Accounting for Asset Prices in Structural Fiscal Balances

By: MissEstelle X. Liu,Todd Mattina,Mr.Tigran Poghosyan

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Correcting “Beyond the Cycle

Accounting for Asset Prices in Structural Fiscal Balances

By: MissEstelle X. Liu,Todd Mattina,Mr.Tigran Poghosyan

This paper outlines an operational approach for incorporating the impact of asset price cycles in the calculation of structural fiscal balances (SFBs). The global financial crisis demonstrated that movements in asset prices can have an important fiscal impact. Failing to account for the fiscal impact of asset price cycles can encourage a pro-cyclical policy stance if temporarily high revenues are passed through into expenditures. In addition, over-estimating the SFB may lead to inadequate fiscal buffers when cyclical revenues eventually dissipate. The paper proposes an empirical approach to correct for asset prices and provides illustrative country results for selected OECD countries. We find that asset price cycles are imperfectly synchronized with the business cycle and are quantitatively significant with an average pre-crisis fiscal impact ranging from about 1⁄2 to 2 percent of GDP in the sample. For a number of countries, the pre-crisis fiscal impact of high asset prices was larger at about 4 percent of GDP.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1513521861

ISBN 13

9781513521862

Africa’s Rising Exposure to China

How Large Are Spillovers Through Trade?

By: Mr.Paulo Drummond,MissEstelle X. Liu

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Africa’s Rising Exposure to China

How Large Are Spillovers Through Trade?

By: Mr.Paulo Drummond,MissEstelle X. Liu

The rapid growth in China’s domestic investment in recent decades has generated a large appetite for global goods, including from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper estimates the impact of changes in China’s investment growth on SSA’s exports. Although rising trading links with China have allowed African countries to diversify their export base across countries, away from advanced economies, they have also led SSA countries to become more susceptible to spillovers from China. Based on panel data analysis, a 1 percentage point increase (decline) in China’s domestic investment growth is associated with an average 0.6 percentage point increase (decline) in SSA countries’ export growth. This impact is larger for resource-rich countries, especially oil exporters. These effects could be mitigated, however, to the extent that countries can reorient their exports.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1484311310

ISBN 13

9781484311318

Now or Later? The Political Economy of Public Investment in Democracies

By: Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,MissEstelle X. Liu,Mr.Carlos Mulas-Granados

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Now or Later? The Political Economy of Public Investment in Democracies

By: Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,MissEstelle X. Liu,Mr.Carlos Mulas-Granados

This paper explores the impact of political and institutional variables on public investment. Working with a sample of 80 presidential and parliamentary democracies between 1975 and 2012, we find that the rate of growth of public investment is higher at the beginning of electoral cycles and decelerates thereafter. The peak in public investment growth occurs between 21 and 25 months before elections. Cabinet ideology and government fragmentation influence the size of investment booms. More parties in government are associated with smaller increases in public investment while left-wing cabinets are associated with higher sustained increases in investment. Stronger institutions help attenuate the impact of elections on investment, but available information is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1513583859

ISBN 13

9781513583853

Equity Returns in the Banking Sector in the Wake of the Great Recession and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

By: Mr.Jorge A. Chan-Lau,MissEstelle X. Liu,Jochen M. Schmittmann

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Equity Returns in the Banking Sector in the Wake of the Great Recession and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

By: Mr.Jorge A. Chan-Lau,MissEstelle X. Liu,Jochen M. Schmittmann

This study finds that equity returns in the banking sector in the wake of the Great Recession and the European sovereign debt crisis have been driven mainly by weak growth prospects and heightened sovereign risk and to a lesser extent, by deteriorating funding conditions and investor sentiment. While the equity return performance in the banking sector has been dismal in general, better capitalized and less leveraged banks have outperformed their peers, a finding that supports policymakers’ efforts to strengthen bank capitalization.

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International Monetary Fund

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1475505221

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9781475505221

Book's by MissEstelle X Liu

Stay Competitive in the Digital Age: The Future of Banks

Stay Competitive in the Digital Age: The Future of Banks

Correcting “Beyond the Cycle

Correcting “Beyond the Cycle

Africa’s Rising Exposure to China

Africa’s Rising Exposure to China

Now or Later? The Political Economy of Public Investment in Democracies

Now or Later? The Political Economy of Public Investment in Democracies

Equity Returns in the Banking Sector in the Wake of the Great Recession and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

Equity Returns in the Banking Sector in the Wake of the Great Recession and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

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