This book develops and describes a general methodology that can be applied to any complex human activity (activity with a non-trivial, multi-level internal structure). The structural components of complex activities are considered, and their logical, cause-and-effect, and process structures are functionally described. Considerable attention is paid to organization and management, uncertainties, and the lifecycles of activities, as well as the actors, subject matter, resources, knowledge, and methods involved. Several typical examples are used throughout the text to illustrate the implementation of common approaches involving the functioning of work groups, organizational units, projects, and organizations in general: a retail bank, an aircraft manufacturer, a fire department, and a nuclear power plant. In addition, the book employs a system of connected technical models, in order to ensure that the results are of practical applicability for both experts on the ground and scholars engaged in research on the general principles of how activities (practical, scientific, etc.) are organized or on the management of socio-technical systems.
In the modern world, most gross product is created within Enterprise firms, project programs, state agencies, transnational corporations and their divisions, as well as various associations and compositions of the above entities. Enterprises, being, on the one hand, complex, and, on the other hand, widespread systems, are the subject matter of cybernetics, system theory, operations research, management sciences and many other fields of knowledge. However, the complexity of the system obstructs the development of mathematically rigorous foundations for Enterprise control. Moreover, methods of operations research and related sciences, which are widely used in practice, provide optimization of the constituents of an Enterprise, without modeling it as a whole system. But the optimization of parts does not lead to the optimality of the whole, and, also, the absence of top-down and holistic mathematical models of Enterprise contradicts the principle of holism and the system approach. The approach in this book looks first at Enterprise Systems and their essential aspects as complex sociotechnical systems composed of integrated sets of structural and process models (Chapters 1 and 2). A uniform description of all the heterogeneous fields of the modern Enterprise (marketing, sales, manufacturing, HR, finance, etc.) is then made, and the Enterprise Control Problem is posed as a top-down and holistic mathematical optimization problem (Chapter 3). Original models and methods of contract theory (Chapter 4), technology management (Chapter 5), human behavior and human capital (Chapter 6) and complex activity and resource planning (Chapter 7) are developed to solve the problem. Structural processes and mathematical models constitute an Optimal Enterprise Control Framework (Chapter 8) that provides a practical solution to the Enterprise Control Problem. This book is a resource for postgraduate and doctoral students, postdoctoral researchers and professors with research interests in the following fields of science: Fundamental Complex Systems study, Complex Systems Engineering, Enterprise Systems Engineering Applications of Operations Research, Optimization, Probability and Stochastic processes to Management Science, Economics and Business Theory of the Firm Business and Management – general, strategy/leadership, organization management, operations management and management information systems Theory of Business Processes, Business Processes Improvement and Reengineering
In this book, readers will gain a deep understanding of the distinct characteristics and intricate formation mechanisms behind each type of diamond. A standout feature of this book is its in-depth exploration of nanodiamonds, shedding light on their unique formation processes. The narrative is thoughtfully organized, covering four main categories of natural diamonds and their related formation processes: 1)Interstellar nanodiamond particles; 2) Nano- and microcrustal diamonds associated with coals, sediments, and metamorphic rocks; 3) Nanodiamonds and microdiamonds associated with secondary alterations of mafic and ultramafic rocks mainly in the oceanic lithosphere; 4) Mantle-derived diamonds associated with kimberlites and their xenoliths, such as peridotites and eclogites. With clarity and precision, this book caters to both researchers and students in the fields of mineralogy and mineral formation. This book serves as an invaluable resource, offering an all-encompassing perspective on diamond formation, appealing to those curious minds eager to delve into the captivating realm of these precious gems.
Introduction to Theory of Control in Organizations explains how methodologies from systems analysis and control theory, including game and graph theory, can be applied to improve organizational management. The theory presented extends the traditional approach to management science by introducing the optimization and game-theoretical tools required
This book presents the methodology of complex activity with a set of interconnected mathematical models that describe the processes of technology design, adoption and use. It first discusses the technology of complex activity and its general models. The second chapter then introduces models of the processes of technology design and adoption, while Chapter 3 focuses on technology management models are presented in. Lastly, Chapter 4 examines analytical complexity and errors in solving technology design/optimization problems. This book is intended for experts and researchers interested in the general principles of activity organization and control of complex organizational and technical systems.
Modern achievements in the intensively developing field of applied mathematics are presented in this monograph. In particular, it proposes a new approach to extremal problem theory for nonlinear operators, differential-operator equations and inclusions, and for variational inequalities in Banach spaces. An axiomatic study of nonlinear maps (including multi-valued ones) is given, and the properties of resolving operators for systems, consisting of operator and differential-operator equations, are stated in nonlinear-map terms. The solvability conditions and the properties of extremal problem solutions are obtained, while their weak expansions and necessary conditions of optimality in variational inequality form are formulated. In addition. the monograph proposes regularization methods and approximation schemes. This book is adressed to scientists, graduates and undergraduates who are interested in nonlinear analysis, control theory, system analysis and differential equations.
Covers the advantages of using photothermal spectroscopy over conventional absorption spectroscopy, including facilitating extremely sensitive measurements and non-destructive analysis This unique guide to the application and theory of photothermal spectroscopy has been newly revised and updated to include new methods and applications and expands on applications to chemical analysis and material science. The book covers the subject from the ground up, lists all practical considerations needed to obtain accurate results, and provides a working knowledge of the various methods in use. Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods, Second Edition includes the latest methods of solid state and materials analysis, and describes new chemical analysis procedures and apparatuses in the analytical chemistry sections. It offers a detailed look at the optics, physical principles of heat transfer, and signal analysis. Information in the temperature change and optical elements in homogeneous samples and photothermal spectroscopy in homogeneous samples has been updated with a better description of diffraction effects and calculations. Chapters on analytical measurement and data processing and analytical applications are also updated and include new information on modern applications and photothermal microscopy. Finally, the Photothermal Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Sample chapter has been expanded to incorporate new methods for materials analysis. New edition updates and expands on applications to chemical analysis and materials science, including new methods of solid state and materials analysis Includes new chemical analysis procedures and apparatuses Provides an unmatched resource that develops a consistent mathematical basis for signal description, consolidates previous theories, and provides invaluable insight into laser technology Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods, Second Edition will appeal to researchers from both academia and industry (graduate students, postdocs, research scientists, and professors) in the general field of analytical chemistry, optics, and materials science, and researchers and engineers at scientific instrument developers in fields related to photonics and spectroscopy.
A collection of essays first published in Moscow in 1909. Writing from various points of view, the authors reflect the diverse experiences of Russia's failed 1905 revolution. Condemned by Lenin and rediscoverd by dissidents, this translation has relevance for discussions on contemporary Russia.
The safe operation of a nuclear power plant depends on the reliability and safety of the reactor plant, which in turn requires careful monitoring of the equipment at the manufacturing and operation stages. This monograph critically examines the fundamental effects of hydrodynamic and vibration load formation on the modern power unit of the VVER-1200 nuclear power plant, which is originally designed in Russia, as well as the causes and main sources of vibration in the main circulation loop and their energy contribution. Practical examples are used to explain how vibration stress can be reduced and the hydrodynamic status of the circuit improved. Current research on the vibroacoustics of some non-Russion nuclear reactors is also included.
In The Systemic View as a Basis for Philological Thought, Olga Valentinova, Vladimir Denisenko, Sergey Preobrazhenskii, andMikhail Rybakov explore the interrelation of language material, structure, and functions in various subjects of philological research, such as grammatical systems of language, semantics, linguistic personality, literary text, and formal aspects of verse. Their systemic approach is rooted in the theories of Wilhelm von Humboldt and his followers, including Russian scholars Alexander Potebnya, Gustav Shpet, and more recently Gennadii Prokop’evichMel’nikov (1928–2000). The authors use the concept of systematicity as an opportunity to see the studied whole in development, to show and explain the functional interaction of linear and supra-linear connections, to explain their interdependence, and to predict further changes within the system. This book displays the scientific potential of the systemic approach to linguistics and related spheres, employing the framework of systematicity to revise the modern trends of philology and to map out an alternative paradigm for linguistic and philological thought that could restore the status of philology as a holistic science.
This book presents an extensive analysis of the dynamics of discrete and distributed baroclinic vortices in a multi-layer fluid that characterizes the main features of the large and mesoscales dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. It widely covers the case of hetonic situations as well as the case of intrathermocline vortices that are familiar in oceanographic and of recognized importance for heat and mass transfers. Extensive typology of such baroclinic eddies is made and analysed with the help of theoretical development and numerical computations. As a whole it gives an overview and synthesis of all the many situations that can be encountered based on the long history of the theory of vortex motion and on many new situations. It gives a renewed insight on the extraordinary richness of vortex dynamics and open the way for new theoretical, observational and experimental advances. This volume is of interest to experts in physical oceanography, meteorology, hydrodynamics, dynamic systems, involved in theoretical, experimental and applied research and lecturers, post-graduate students, and students in these fields.
Arkadyfest : Honoring the 60th Birthday of Arkady Vainshtein : William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA, 17-23 May, 2002
Arkadyfest : Honoring the 60th Birthday of Arkady Vainshtein : William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA, 17-23 May, 2002
Provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of mesoscopic thermodynamics Mesoscopic Thermodynamics for Scientists and Engineers presents a unified conceptual approach to the core principles of equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Emphasizing the concept of universality at the mesoscale, this authoritative textbook provides the knowledge required for understanding and utilizing mesoscopic phenomena in a wide range of new and emerging technologies. Divided into two parts, Mesoscopic Thermodynamics for Scientists and Engineers opens with a concise summary of classical thermodynamics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics, followed by a detailed description of fluctuations and local (spatially-dependent) properties. Part II presents a universal approach to specific meso-heterogeneous systems, illustrated by numerous examples from experimental and computational studies that align with contemporary research and engineering practice. Bridges the gap between conventional courses in thermodynamics and real-world practice Provides in-depth instruction on applying thermodynamics to current problems involving meso- and nano-heterogeneous systems Contains a wealth of examples of simple and complex fluids, polymers, liquid crystals, and supramolecular equilibrium and dissipative structures Includes practical exercises and references to textbooks, monographs, and journal articles in each chapter Mesoscopic Thermodynamics for Scientists and Engineers is an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry, and chemical, mechanical, and materials science engineering, as well as an invaluable reference for engineers and researchers engaged in soft-condensed matter physics and chemistry, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and mechanical, chemical, and biomolecular engineering.
Here, the authors present modern mathematical methods to solve problems of differential-operator inclusions and evolution variation inequalities which may occur in fields such as geophysics, aerohydrodynamics, or fluid dynamics. For the first time, they describe the detailed generalization of various approaches to the analysis of fundamentally nonlinear models and provide a toolbox of mathematical equations. These new mathematical methods can be applied to a broad spectrum of problems. Examples of these are phase changes, diffusion of electromagnetic, acoustic, vibro-, hydro- and seismoacoustic waves, or quantum mechanical effects. This is the second of two volumes dealing with the subject.
This book deals with two old mathematical problems. The first is the problem of constructing an analog of a Lie group for general nonlinear Poisson brackets. The second is the quantization problem for such brackets in the semiclassical approximation (which is the problem of exact quantization for the simplest classes of brackets). These problems are progressively coming to the fore in the modern theory of differential equations and quantum theory, since the approach based on constructions of algebras and Lie groups seems, in a certain sense, to be exhausted. The authors' main goal is to describe in detail the new objects that appear in the solution of these problems. Many ideas of algebra, modern differential geometry, algebraic topology, and operator theory are synthesized here. The authors prove all statements in detail, thus making the book accessible to graduate students.
For almost two decades Prof. Shifman, a clear and pedagogical expositor, has been giving review lectures on frontier topics in theoretical high energy physics. This two-volume book is a collection of some of the best of those lectures. The lectures written in the 1980's and early 1990's have been revised and updated specifically for this publication. The lectures in this book are intended for beginners - graduate students and young researchers - who are about to delve into the intricacies of the theory. They were used by the author in his course ';Advanced Modern Field Theory and Its Applications';, given in the academic year 1994/95 at the University of Minnesota.A wide range of key topics is covered. In Volume 1, the first two chapters are devoted to quantum chromodynamics as the theory of hadrons. The author gives an in-depth discussion of a variety ofpowerful methods based on Wilson's operator product expansion. Chapter 3 (written together with V Novikov, A Vainshtein, and V Zakharov) is the most systematic and pedagogical presentation of instantons in the gauge theories one can find in the literature. Chapter 4 introduces supersymmetry. Chapter 5, concluding this volume, reviews the fascinating dynamics of supersymmetric gauge theories in the strong coupling regime. Chapter 6, which opens Volume 2, is a culmination of the supersymmetric theme. It gives a state-of-the-art description of the breakthrough developments in supersymmetric gauge theories. It has been written specifically for this book by A Vainshtein and the author. Chapter 7 is designed as a primer of two-dimensional conformal field theory, which constitutes the basis of modern string theory. Chapter 8, the last, presents remarkable new findings in quantum mechanics. Every chapter contains exercises and a list of recommended literature.Prof. Shifman has been an active participant and significant contributor in the development of the ideas presented in this book. This accounts for the historical remarks and digressions interspersed in the book, enhancing its pedagogical role. The book will serve as a comprehensive reference and textbook for all graduate students and researchers interested in modern particle physics. It will also be a useful guide for lecturers.
The Second Edition of this systematic, comprehensive text is revised to include topics developed in the last decade. A new final part presents more than 90 problems with detailed solutions, making this an indispensable book for graduate students and researchers in theoretical physics.
This book consists of three major parts. The first two parts deal with general mathematical concepts and certain areas of operator theory. The third part is devoted to ill-posed problems. It can be read independently of the first two parts and presents a good example of applying the methods of calculus and functional analysis. The first part "Basic Concepts" briefly introduces the language of set theory and concepts of abstract, linear and multilinear algebra. Also introduced are the language of topology and fundamental concepts of calculus: the limit, the differential, and the integral. A special section is devoted to analysis on manifolds. The second part "Operators" describes the most important function spaces and operator classes for both linear and nonlinear operators. Different kinds of generalized functions and their transformations are considered. Elements of the theory of linear operators are presented. Spectral theory is given a special focus. The third part "Ill-Posed Problems" is devoted to problems of mathematical physics, integral and operator equations, evolution equations and problems of integral geometry. It also deals with problems of analytic continuation. Detailed coverage of the subjects and numerous examples and exercises make it possible to use the book as a textbook on some areas of calculus and functional analysis. It can also be used as a reference textbook because of the extensive scope and detailed references with comments.
The last ten years were decisive for Russia, not only in the political sphere, but also culturally as this period saw the rise and crystallization of Russian postmodernism. The essays, manifestos, and articles gathered here investigate various manifestations of this crucial cultural trend. Exploring Russian fiction, poetry, art, and spirituality, they provide a point of departure and a valuable guide to an area of contemporary literary-cultural studies which is currently insufficiently represented in English-language scholarship. A brief but useful "Who's Who in Russian Postmodernism" as an appendix introduces many authors who have never before appeared in a reference work of this kind and renders this book essential reading for those interested in the latest trends in Russian intellectual life.
Presents applications of Poisson geometry to some fundamental well-known problems in mathematical physics. This volume is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in mathematical physics. It uses methods such as: unexpected algebras with non-Lie commutation relations, dynamical systems theory, and semiclassical asymptotics.
In the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, the Liapunov method plays a fundamental role. To use their analogs for the analysis of stability of solutions to parabolic, hyperparabolic, and other nonclassical equations and systems, time-invariant a priori estimates have to be devised for solutions. In this publication only parabolic problems are considered. Here lie, mainly, the problems which have been investigated most thoroughly --- the construction of Liapunov functionals which naturally generalize Liapunov functions for nonlinear parabolic equations of the second order with one spatial variable. The authors establish stabilizing solutions theorems, and the necessary and sufficient conditions of general and asymptotic stability of stationary solutions, including the so-called critical case. Attraction domains for stable solutions of mixed problems for these equations are described. Furthermore, estimates for the number of stationary solutions are obtained.
Self-adhering (tacky) materials or pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) form an essential part of our everyday lives, with new applications of PSAs arising all the time across various industries. The vast majority of existing PSAs are hydrophobic rubber-like polymers, which means they don't mix well with polar molecules. However, it is precisely that quality that would be of greatest practical use in contemporary industry and medicine.This book describes innovative hydrophilic PSAs based on stoichiometric hydrogen bonded complexes of long-chain polymers (with repeating electron-donating functional groups) with complementary telechelic oligomers (with proton-donating terminal groups).These types of adhesives can be easily produced by simple mixing of parent polymers and oligomers in solutions or in melts. Unlike conventional hydrophobic adhesives, these hydrophilic adhesives are miscible with a range of chemical substances that have hydrogen bonding or ionic functional groups in their molecules. This includes numerous drugs, polyelectrolytes, electroconducting or physiologically active compounds, proteins, etc.The book shows the molecular design principles and distinctive characteristic features of various functional adhesive products based on innovative tacky polymer composites, such as:'smart' thermo-switchable adhesives adhering towards the substrates of different polarity and hardnessmussel-inspired adhesives functioning in aqueous mediatransdermal patches for enhanced drug deliverytooth whitening strips with tailored adhesion towards dental tissuesthe lack of adhesion to mucosal membranes in oral cavitymany other advanced products for medical, cosmetic and industrial applications.The number of functional polymers that can be used as parent components for producing novel adhesives is very large, suggesting that the polymer blending approach may revolutionise the adhesive industry in the coming decades.
This volume is based on a conference held at SUNY, Stony Brook (NY). The concepts of laminations and foliations appear in a diverse number of fields, such as topology, geometry, analytic differential equations, holomorphic dynamics, and renormalization theory. Although these areas have developed deep relations, each has developed distinct research fields with little interaction among practitioners. The conference brought together the diverse points of view of researchers from different areas. This book includes surveys and research papers reflecting the broad spectrum of themes presented at the event. Of particular interest are the articles by F. Bonahon, "Geodesic Laminations on Surfaces", and D. Gabai, "Three Lectures on Foliations and Laminations on 3-manifolds", which are based on minicourses that took place during the conference.
In this sequel to two earlier volumes, the authors now focus on the long-time behavior of evolution inclusions, based on the theory of extremal solutions to differential-operator problems. This approach is used to solve problems in climate research, geophysics, aerohydrodynamics, chemical kinetics or fluid dynamics. As in the previous volumes, the authors present a toolbox of mathematical equations. The book is based on seminars and lecture courses on multi-valued and non-linear analysis and their geophysical application.
This monograph describes mathematical models that enable prediction of phase compositions for various technological processes, as developed on the base of a complex physico-chemical analysis of reaction. It studies thermodynamics and kinetics of specific stages of complex pyrometallurgical processes involving boron, carbon, sulfur, tungsten, phosphorus, and many more, as well as their exposure to all sorts of factors. First and foremost, this enables to optimize processes and technologies at the stage of design, while traditional empirical means of development of new technologies are basically incapable of providing an optimal solution. Simulation results of metals and alloys production, welding and coating technologies allow obtaining materials with pre-given composition, structure and properties in a cost-saving and conscious manner. Moreover, a so-called "inverse problem", i.e., selecting source materials which would ensure the required results, cannot be solved by any other means.
This book is a unique collection of experimental data in the field of internal friction, anelastic relaxation, and damping properties of metallic materials. It reviews virtually all anelastic relaxation phenomena ever published. The reader is also supplied with explanations of the basic physical mechanisms of internal friction, a summary of typical effects for different groups of metals, and more than 2000 references to original papers.
This book consists of reviews covering all aspects of quantum chromodynamics as we know it today. The articles have been written by recognized experts in this field, in honor of the 75th birthday of Professor Boris Ioffe. Combining features of a handbook and a textbook, this is the most comprehensive source of information on the present status of QCD. It is intended for students as well as physicists OCo both theorists and experimentalists.Each review is self-contained and pedagogically structured, providing the general formulation of the problem, telling where it stands with respect to other issues and why it is interesting and important, presenting the history of the subject, qualitative insights, and so on. The first part of the book is historical in nature. It includes, among other articles, Boris Ioffe''s and Yuri Orlov''s memoirs on high energy physics in the 1950''s, a note by B V Geshkenbein on Ioffe''s career in particle physics, and an essay on the discovery of asymptotic freedom written by David Gross.
Here, the authors present modern mathematical methods to solve problems of differential-operator inclusions and evolution variation inequalities which may occur in fields such as geophysics, aerohydrodynamics, or fluid dynamics. For the first time, they describe the detailed generalization of various approaches to the analysis of fundamentally nonlinear models and provide a toolbox of mathematical equations. These new mathematical methods can be applied to a broad spectrum of problems. Examples of these are phase changes, diffusion of electromagnetic, acoustic, vibro-, hydro- and seismoacoustic waves, or quantum mechanical effects. This is the first of two volumes dealing with the subject.
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