The authors explore the origin of multidimensional strange attractors and their role in describing turbulence. It includes an analytical estimation of the deminsions of strange attractors for models described by differential-difference equations and discusses the conditions in which space-homogeneous chaos is stable with respect to random perturbations in flow systems.
The career of Mikhail Bulgakov, the author of The Master and Margarita - now regarded as one of the masterpieces of twentieth-century literature - was characterized by a constant and largely unsuccessful struggle against state censorship. This suppression did not only apply to his art: in 1926 his personal diaries were seized by the authorities. From then on he confined his thoughts to letters to his friends and family, as well as to public figures such as Stalin and his fellow Soviet writer Gorky.This ample selection from the diaries and letters of Mikhail Bulgakov, mostly translated for the first time into English, provides an insightful glimpse into the author's world and into a fascinating period of Russian history and literature, telling the tragic tale of the fate of an artist under a totalitarian regime.
The writings of Mikhail Moiseevich Botvinnik (1911 – 1995) are legendary. And Botvinnik’s legacy is deeply imprinted in the DNA of every grandmaster today, says Andy Soltis in his foreword to this book. ‘The Patriarch’ took professionalism in chess to a new level and was the first to emphasize preparation: what a player does before a game plays an enormous, if not decisive, role in what happens during a game. In this book, Botvinnik writes the story of the three clashes with his compatriot Vasily Smyslov, matches full of tension between two virtually equal opponents, and his match with Tigran Petrosian, which marks the end of an era: the mighty Botvinnik lost his world title fifteen years after he conquered the highest crown for the first time. The first part of this book gives Botvinnik’s view of three World Championship matches and how he prepared for them. The matches were as great a clash of personalities as in any world championship, as much as Karpov versus Kasparov. While Botvinnik played the role of a stern father, Smyslov was like the smiling, easy-going uncle. Botvinnik was proud of what he called his ‘hard character’. Smyslov seemed to get along with everyone. His attitude was to try to do his best and let fate decide. The last part of the book is the gripping account of a heroic battle. The ageing Botvinnik desperately tries to bounce back after his Armenian opponent Tigran Petrosian has taken an early lead, but ultimately, The Patriarch fails. Mikhail Botvinnik, one of the greatest chess players of all time, analyses many of the games, reveals his match strategy and comments on the strategic choices of his opponent. This important historical document also features annotations and writings by Smyslov, Petrosian and other top grandmasters, the games of a secret training match by Botvinnik and Botvinnik’s legendary notebooks, including the final one containing his preparation for a match with Bobby Fischer in 1969 – a match that was never to be.
Embeddings of discrete metric spaces into Banach spaces recently became an important tool in computer science and topology. The purpose of the book is to present some of the most important techniques and results, mostly on bilipschitz and coarse embeddings. The topics include: (1) Embeddability of locally finite metric spaces into Banach spaces is finitely determined; (2) Constructions of embeddings; (3) Distortion in terms of Poincaré inequalities; (4) Constructions of families of expanders and of families of graphs with unbounded girth and lower bounds on average degrees; (5) Banach spaces which do not admit coarse embeddings of expanders; (6) Structure of metric spaces which are not coarsely embeddable into a Hilbert space; (7) Applications of Markov chains to embeddability problems; (8) Metric characterizations of properties of Banach spaces; (9) Lipschitz free spaces. Substantial part of the book is devoted to a detailed presentation of relevant results of Banach space theory and graph theory. The final chapter contains a list of open problems. Extensive bibliography is also included. Each chapter, except the open problems chapter, contains exercises and a notes and remarks section containing references, discussion of related results, and suggestions for further reading. The book will help readers to enter and to work in a very rapidly developing area having many important connections with different parts of mathematics and computer science.
This groundbreaking work by one of the world's foremost theoreticians of Russian literature, culture, and thought gives for the first time an extensive and detailed examination of the development of Russian thought during the late Soviet period. Countering the traditional view of an intellectual wilderness under the Soviet regime, Mikhail Epstein offers a systematic account of Russian thought in the second half of the 20th century. In doing so, he provides new insights into previously ignored areas such as Russian liberalism, personalism, structuralism, neo–rationalism, and culturology. Epstein shows how Russian philosophy and culture has long been trapped in an intellectual prison of its own making as it sought to create its own utopia. However, he demonstrates that it is time to reappraise Russian philosophical thought and cultural theory, now freed from the bonds of totalitarianism. We are left with not only a new and exciting interpretation of Russian thought, but also an opportunity to rethink our own intellectual heritage.
The 100 outstanding games in this volume are Mikhail Botvinnik's own choices as the best games he played before becoming World Champion in 1948. They cover the period from his first big tournament — the USSR Championship of 1927, in which the 16-year-old Botvinnik became a master — to the International Tournament at Groningen in 1946 — in which he demonstrated his qualifications for winning the world championship. Botvinnik, an expert analyst as well as a champion, had annotated these games himself, giving a complete exposition of his strategy and techniques against such leading chess players as Alekhine, Capablanca, Euwe, Keres, Reshevsky, Smyslov, Tartakower, Vidmar, and many others. In a foreword, he discusses his career, his method of play, and the system of training he has adopted for tournament play. A careful study of these 100 games should prove rewarding to anyone interested in modern chess. A full variety of the most popular modern-day opening is provided, including the Ruy Lopez, Sicilian Defense, French Defense, Queen's Gambit Declined, Nimzo-Indian Defense, and others. This volume also includes a long article on the development of chess in Russia, in which Botvinnik discusses Tchigorin, Alekhine, and their influence on the Soviet school of chess; the author's six studies of endgame positions; and Botvinnik's record in tournament and match play through 1948.
This second edition reflects significant progress in tsunami research, monitoring and mitigation within the last decade. Primarily meant to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on physics of tsunamis, it describes up-to-date models of tsunamis generated by a submarine earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, meteorite impact, and moving atmospheric pressure inhomogeneities. Models of tsunami propagation and run-up are also discussed. The book investigates methods of tsunami monitoring including coastal mareographs, deep-water pressure gauges, GPS buoys, satellite altimetry, the study of ionospheric disturbances caused by tsunamis and the study of paleotsunamis. Non-linear phenomena in tsunami source and manifestations of water compressibility are discussed in the context of their contribution to the wave amplitude and energy. The practical method of calculating the initial elevation on a water surface at a seismotectonic tsunami source is expounded. Potential and eddy traces of a tsunamigenic earthquake in the ocean are examined in terms of their applicability to tsunami warning. The first edition of this book was published in 2009. Since then, a few catastrophic events occurred, including the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, which is well known all over the world. The book is intended for researchers, students and specialists in oceanography, geophysics, seismology, hydro-acoustics, geology, and geomorphology, including the engineering and insurance industries.
Felix Berezin was an outstanding Soviet mathematician who in the 1960s and 70s was the driving force behind the emergence of the branch of mathematics now known as supermathematics. The integral over the anticommuting Grassmann variables that he introduced in the 1960s laid the foundation for the path integral formulation of quantum field theory with fermions, the heart of modern supersymmetric field theories and superstrings. The Berezin integral is named for him, as is the closely related construction of the Berezinian, which may be regarded as the superanalog of the determinant. This book features a masterfully written memoir by BerezinOCOs widow, Elena Karpel, who narrates a remarkable account of BerezinOCOs life and his struggle for survival under the totalitarian Soviet regime. Supplemented with recollections by his close friends and colleagues, BerezinOCOs accomplishments in mathematics, his novel ideas and breakthrough works, are reviewed in two articles written by Andrei Losev and Robert Minlos.
The crumbling of the USSR has set Russian-speaking Jews free to emigrate. From the threat of antisemitism to economic disaster, their “good reasons” to do so were numerous and within one and a half decade most of them moved out and scattered throughout the world. This book is about the million that settled in Israel, the half million now in the US and the 200.000 who settled in Germany. This book presents the comparative work of an international team of researchers which delves into the building of communities, the formulation of collective identities and the articulation of public discourse by people who, after eighty years of Marxism-Leninism and compulsory removal from Jewish culture, are now reconstructing their ethnicity. In every place, they face contrasting challenges and as a whole, constitute an ideal case for the study of the making of contemporary transnational diasporas.
Two instructional classics condensed into one practical volume! In 2014 the Russian Chess Federation started a wide-ranging programme aimed at the revival of chess in Russia. One of the first actions that were taken was commissioning legendary Belarusian chess coach Mikhail Shereshevsky to recapitulate and condense his famous training methods. In doing so Shereshevsky has created a totally reworked compendium of his acclaimed classics Endgame Strategy and The Soviet Chess Conveyor, with many new examples, exercises and discussions of various training methods. Furthermore, he has added a new and highly effective approach on how to calculate variations. Club players all over the world who wish to improve their game now have access to Shereshevsky’s famous training programme in one volume and can learn: How to build an opening repertoire How to study the chess classics to maximum benefit How to master the most important endgame principles How to effectively and efficiently calculate variations The Shereshevsky Method offers a unique opportunity to improve your game with one of the supreme examples of Russian chess training excellence. Studying this manual will enrich your understanding of chess enormously and help your progress on the way to chess mastery.
The book deals with the development of continual models of turbulent natural media. Such models serve as a ground for the statement and numerical evaluation of the key problems of the structure and evolution of the numerous astrophysical and geophysical objects. The processes of ordering (self-organization) in an originally chaotic turbulent medium are addressed and treated in detail with the use of irreversible thermodynamics and stochastic dynamics approaches which underlie the respective models. Different examples of ordering set up in the natural environment and outer space are brought and thoroughly discussed, the main focus being given to the protoplanetary discs formation and evolution.
Drawing on the variety of archival sources in the host of European and Oriental languages, the book focuses on the history, ethnography, and convoluted ethnic identity of the Polish-Lithuanian Karaites. The vanishing community of the Karaites, a non-Talmudic Turkic-speaking Jewish minority that had been living in Eastern Europe since the late Middle Ages, developed a unique ethnographic culture and religious tradition. The book offers the first comprehensive study of the dramatic history of the Polish-Lithuanian Karaite community in the twentieth century. Especially important is the analysis of the dejudaization (or Turkicization) of the community that saved the Karaites from horrors of the Holocaust.
Random lasers are the simplest sources of stimulated emission without cavity, with the feedback provided by scattering in a gain medium. First proposed in the late 1960s, random lasers have grown to a large research field. This book reviews the history and the state of the art of random lasers, provides an outline of the basic models describing their behavior, and describes the recent advances in the field. The major focus of the book is on solid-state random lasers. However, it also briefly describes random lasers based on liquid dyes with scatterers. The chapters of the book are almost independent of each other. So, the scientists or engineers interested in any particular aspect of random lasers can read directly the relevant section. Researchers entering the field of random lasers will find in the book an overview of the field of study. Scientists working in the field can use the book as a reference source.
This is the first comprehensive bibliography on the Karaites and Karaism. Including over 8,000 items in twenty languages, this bibliography, with its extensive annotations, thoroughly documents the present state of Karaite Studies and provides a solid foundation for future research.
This book provides a multidisciplinary overview to the application of high order derivative spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in biology and ecology. The characteristics of the principle methods as well as the generation of reliable spectra are discussed in general terms allowing the reader to gain an idea of these methods’ potentials. Furthermore the authors give an extended overview to the spectroscopic and spectro-photometric analysis of specific biological materials. This volume is a well condensed description of an analytical method and a clear review to its application in biology and related fields and an essential tool for researchers who are new in the field of spectroscopic methods and their applications in the life sciences.
In Der Nister's Soviet Years, author Mikhail Krutikov focuses on the second half of the dramatic writing career of Soviet Yiddish writer Der Nister, pen name of Pinhas Kahanovich (1884–1950). Krutikov follows Der Nister's painful but ultimately successful literary transformation from his symbolist roots to social realism under severe ideological pressure from Soviet critics and authorities. This volume reveals how profoundly Der Nister was affected by the destruction of Jewish life during WWII and his own personal misfortunes. While Der Nister was writing a history of his generation, he was arrested for anti-government activities and died tragically from a botched surgery in the Gulag. Krutikov illustrates why Der Nister's work is so important to understandings of Soviet literature, the Russian Revolution, and the catastrophic demise of the Jewish community under Stalin.
The safe operation of a nuclear power plant depends on the reliability and safety of the reactor plant, which in turn requires careful monitoring of the equipment at the manufacturing and operation stages. This monograph critically examines the fundamental effects of hydrodynamic and vibration load formation on the modern power unit of the VVER-1200 nuclear power plant, which is originally designed in Russia, as well as the causes and main sources of vibration in the main circulation loop and their energy contribution. Practical examples are used to explain how vibration stress can be reduced and the hydrodynamic status of the circuit improved. Current research on the vibroacoustics of some non-Russion nuclear reactors is also included.
From Kabbalah to Class Struggle is an intellectual biography of Meir Wiener (1893–1941), an Austrian Jewish intellectual and a student of Jewish mysticism who emigrated to the Soviet Union in 1926 and reinvented himself as a Marxist scholar and Yiddish writer. His dramatic life story offers a fascinating glimpse into the complexities and controversies of Jewish intellectual and cultural history of pre-war Europe. Wiener made a remarkable career as a Yiddish scholar and writer in the Stalinist Soviet Union and left an unfinished novel about Jewish intellectual bohemia of Weimar Berlin. He was a brilliant intellectual, a controversial thinker, a committed communist, and a great Yiddish scholar—who personally knew Lenin and Rabbi Kook, corresponded with Martin Buber and Hugo von Hofmannsthal, and argued with Gershom Scholem and Georg Lukács. His intellectual biography brings Yiddish to the forefront of the intellectual discourse of interwar Europe.
This book is devoted to the study of the dynamics of rotating bodies with cavities containing liquid. Two basic classes of motions are analyzed: rotation and libration. Cases of complete and partial filling of cavities with ideal liquid and complete filling with viscous liquid are treated. The volume presents a method for obtaining relations between angular velocities perpendicular to main rotation and external force momentums, which are treated as control. The developed models and methods of solving dynamical problems as well as numerical methods for solving problems of optimal control can be used for studying the dynamics of aircraft in the atmosphere and spacecraft with stores of liquid fuel, which are rotating around some axis for stabilization. The results are also applicable in the development of fast revolving rotors, centrifuges and gyroscopes, which have cavities filled with liquid. This work will be of interest to researchers at universities and laboratories specializing in problems of control for hybrid systems, as well as to under-/postgraduates with this specialization. It will also benefit researchers and practitioners in aerospace and mechanical engineering.
As the turbulent years following the Russian revolution of 1917 settle down into a new Soviet reality, the brilliant and eccentric zoologist Persikov discovers an amazing ray that drastically increases the size and reproductive rate of living organisms. At the same time, a mysterious plague wipes out all the chickens in the Soviet republics. The government expropriates Persikov's untested invention in order to rebuild the poultry industry, but a horrible mix-up quickly leads to a disaster that could threaten the entire world. This H. G. Wells-inspired novel by the legendary Mikhail Bulgakov is the only one of his larger works to have been published in its entirety during the author's lifetime. A poignant work of social science fiction and a brilliant satire on the Soviet revolution, it can now be enjoyed by English-speaking audiences through this accurate new translation. Includes annotations and afterword.
The book presents solutions to a complex of internal and external problems of electromagnetics associated with the development of theory, construction of mathematical models and the development of rigorous methods for calculating the electrodynamic characteristics of combined vibrator-slot structures. The solutions of problems for determining the characteristics of impedance vibrator and slot radiators with arbitrary geometric and electrophysical parameters presented in the monograph were obtained within the framework of the unified methodological approach to construct asymptotic solutions of integral equations on currents and their systems. This approach made it possible to study a number of new combined vibrator-slot structures. The research results reveal the possibilities of using such structures as basic elements in the creation of modern antenna-waveguide devices operating in the ranges from meter to millimeter wavelengths, with new technical characteristics and functional purpose. The book is intended for senior and postgraduate students and researchers working in the fields of radiophysics, radio engineering and antenna-feeder design. The book covers the following topics: • excitation of electromagnetic waves in volumes with coordinate boundaries;• general issues of the theory of thin impedance vibrators and narrow slots in a spatial-frequency representation;• solution of current equations for isolated vibrator and slot scatterers;• combined radiating vibrator-slot structures in rectangular waveguide;• T-junctions of rectangular waveguides with vibrator-slot structures in coupling areas;• waveguide radiation of the combined vibrator-slot structures;• combined vibrator-slot structures located on a perfectly conducting sphere;• combined vibrator-slot Radiators in antenna arrays;• ultrawideband vibrator-slot structures;
Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors summarizes the most recent research and practice in tritium technologies for the processing of hydrogen isotopes in fuel cycles. Authors Dr. Perevezentsev and Professor Rozenkevich combine their wealth of first-hand experience to present this comprehensive guide which promotes the best radiation protection practices and a more sustainable way to produce power in a thermonuclear reactor plant. Applicable to both magnetic and inertial confinements of plasma, this book covers tritium processing systems, tritium recovery from the plasma chamber, and various safety systems devoted to lessening the impact on the public and environment. The readers are also led through various modeling techniques, such as the separation of hydrogen isotopes, and the detritiation of liquid and gaseous streams in dynamic and steady state operation modes. This book is a practical guide which includes various case studies and examples which will help solidify the reader’s learning. It combines the latest research of tritium technologies with applications for fusion nuclear reactors, and includes solutions and directions for the resolution of various common challenges faced. Engineers, researchers, and students of tritium technologies, fusion energy, and nuclear power generation will gain a detailed and integrated understanding of how tritium can be used within a nuclear setting, for cleaner and more efficient power generation. Guides the reader through problem solving via step-by-step processes and models Includes case studies and examples throughout, from two of the most recognized experts in the field with firsthand knowledge of the subject Presents a comprehensive, practical reference on the tritium fuel cycle for fusion reactors
Set in 1928 but written four years earlier, during Stalin's rise to power, The Fatal Eggs is both an early piece of science fiction reminiscent of H.G. Wells and a biting, brilliant satire of the consequences of the abuse of power and knowledge. Professor Persikov, an eccentric zoologist, stumbles upon a new light ray that accelerates growth and reproduction rates in living organisms. In the wake of a plague that has decimated the country's poultry stocks, Persikov's discovery is exploited as a means to correct the problem. As foreign agents, the state and the Soviet media all seize upon the red ray, matters get out of hand -
This book can be looked upon in more ways than one. On the one hand, it describes strikingly interesting and lucid hydrodynamic experiments done in the style of the "good old days" when the physicist needed little more than a piece of string and some sealing wax. On the other hand, it demonstrates how a profound physical analogy can help to get a synoptic view on a broad range of nonlinear phenomena involving self-organization of vortical structures in planetary atmo spheres and oceans, in galaxies and in plasmas. In particular, this approach has elucidated the nature and the mechanism of such grand phenomena as the Great of galaxies. A number of our Red Spot vortex on Jupiter and the spiral arms predictions concerning the dynamics of spiral galaxies are now being confirmed by astronomical observations stimulated by our experiments. This book is based on the material most of which was accumulated during 1981-88 in close cooperation with our colleagues, experimenters from the Plasma Physics Department of the Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute (S. V. Antipov, A. S. Trubnikov, AYu. Rylov, AV. Khutoretsky) and astrophysics theoreticians from the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences (AM. Frid man) and from the Volgograd State University (AG. Morozov). To all of them we wish to express our gratitude. Whenever we speak of "our experiments", the participation of the entire team is implied.
The book is devoted to exploring the foundations of the theory of thin impedance vibrator antennas. The text provides a continuation of the classic theory of thin perfectly conducting vibrators. Many consider impedance conception one of the most universal models in the theory of wave processes, as it informs such a wide spectrum of uses in solving practical problems of electrodynamics. This topic provides an opportunity to further search analytical solutions, allowing a simplification of the mathematical formulation of the boundary problem. The theory strives to widen the boundaries of the impedance vibrator antennas application in complex modern radio-and-electronic systems and devices. The results of much original research conducted by the authors will be useful for practicing engineers and designers of antenna and waveguide systems. The book is written in an academic style, and can be used to teach students and post graduates about radiotechnical and radiophysical specialities. The conclusion of the book lists many actual applied problems, which can provide inspiration for several potential PhD projects. Topics covered in this book are: •general questions of the theory of impedance vibrators in the spatial-frequency representation •electromagnetic waves radiation by impedance vibrators in free space and material mediums •electromagnetic waves radiation by impedance vibrators in material mediums over the perfectly conducting plane •electromagnetic waves scattering by irregular impedance vibrators in free space •generalized method of induced electromotive forces for investigation of the characteristics of impedance vibrators •radiation of electromagnetic waves by radial impedance vibrators on the perfectly conducting sphere •electromagnetic waves scattering by impedance vibrators in the rectangular waveguide
Volume 1 covered oxygen-silicon compounds of metals. Volume 3 is a continuation of the study of oxygen-silicon compounds of non-metal organogens begun in volume 2. Volume 3 specifically covers oxygen-silicon derivatives of oxygen and sulphur, and discusses aspects of these compounds such as methods of synthesis and analysis, physical and chemical properties, biological activity, and possible practical applications. The authors are from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from the Russian. For the price, this book should also tapdance. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and liquid crystals have been the subject of intensive research since the 1960s. However, books on this fascinating subject have tended to be written by theorists for theorists. Professor Anisimov offers us a new approach: he aims to introduce experimentalists to the modern theories and their applications. After introducing the thermodynamics of phase transitions, he presents the modern theory of critical phenomena. He then concludes by illustrating the utility of this theory in the analysis of experimental measurements in classical fluids and binary mixtures, superfluid mixtures of helium isotopes and liquid crystals. Not only will this book be enjoyed by experimental physicists, chemists and material scientists, it will also offer the theorist an insight into the interpretation of the experimentalist's work.
This book presents an extensive analysis of the dynamics of discrete and distributed baroclinic vortices in a multi-layer fluid that characterizes the main features of the large and mesoscales dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. It widely covers the case of hetonic situations as well as the case of intrathermocline vortices that are familiar in oceanographic and of recognized importance for heat and mass transfers. Extensive typology of such baroclinic eddies is made and analysed with the help of theoretical development and numerical computations. As a whole it gives an overview and synthesis of all the many situations that can be encountered based on the long history of the theory of vortex motion and on many new situations. It gives a renewed insight on the extraordinary richness of vortex dynamics and open the way for new theoretical, observational and experimental advances. This volume is of interest to experts in physical oceanography, meteorology, hydrodynamics, dynamic systems, involved in theoretical, experimental and applied research and lecturers, post-graduate students, and students in these fields.
Spirals, vortices, crystalline lattices, and other attractive patterns are prevalent in Nature. How do such beautiful patterns appear from the initial chaos? What universal dynamical rules are responsible for their formation? What is the dynamical origin of spatial disorder in nonequilibrium media? Based on the many visual experiments in physics, hydrodynamics, chemistry, and biology, this invaluable book answers those and related intriguing questions. The mathematical models presented for the dynamical theory of pattern formation are nonlinear partial differential equations. The corresponding theory is not so accessible to a wide audience. Consequently, the authors have made every attempt to synthesize long and complex mathematical calculations to exhibit the underlying physics. The book will be useful for final year undergraduates, but is primarily aimed at graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and others interested in the puzzling phenomena of pattern formation.
This series of lectures aims to address three main questions that anyone interested in the study of nonlinear dynamics should ask and ponder over. What is nonlinear dynamics and how does it differ from linear dynamics which permeates all familiar textbooks? Why should the physicist study nonlinear systems and leave the comfortable territory of linearity? How can one progress in the study of nonlinear systems both in the analysis of these systems and in learning about new systems from observing their experimental behavior? While it is impossible to answer these questions in the finest detail, this series of lectures nonetheless successfully points the way for the interested reader. Other useful problems have also been incorporated as a study guide. By presenting both substantial qualitative information about phenomena in nonlinear systems and at the same time sufficient quantitative material, the author hopes that readers would learn how to progress on their own in the study of such similar material hereon.
This book outlines the physical and chemical foundations of high-temperature processes for producing silicon, manganese and chromium ferroalloys, alloys of molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, alkaline earth and rare earth metals, niobium, zirconium, aluminum, boron, nickel, cobalt, phosphorus, selenium and tellurium, iron-carbon alloys by carbon, silicone and aluminothermic methods. The chapters introduce the industrial production technologies of these groups of ferroalloys, the characteristics of charge materials, and the technological parameters of the melting processes. A description of ferroalloy furnaces is given in detail. Topics such as waste recycling, fines agglomeration technologies, and environmental issues are considered.
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