If Ryu Murakami had written War and Peace As the introduction to this book will tell you, the books by Gromov, obscure and long forgotten propaganda author of the Soviet era, have such an effect on their readers that they suddenly enjoy supernatural powers. Understandably, their readers need to keep accessing these books at all cost and gather into groups around book-bearers, or, as they're called, librarians. Alexei, until now a loser, comes to collect an uncle's inheritance and unexpectedly becomes a librarian. He tells his extraordinary, unbelievable story.
The systole of a compact metric space $X$ is a metric invariant of $X$, defined as the least length of a noncontractible loop in $X$. When $X$ is a graph, the invariant is usually referred to as the girth, ever since the 1947 article by W. Tutte. The first nontrivial results for systoles of surfaces are the two classical inequalities of C. Loewner and P. Pu, relying on integral-geometric identities, in the case of the two-dimensional torus and real projective plane, respectively. Currently, systolic geometry is a rapidly developing field, which studies systolic invariants in their relation to other geometric invariants of a manifold. This book presents the systolic geometry of manifolds and polyhedra, starting with the two classical inequalities, and then proceeding to recent results, including a proof of M. Gromov's filling area conjecture in a hyperelliptic setting. It then presents Gromov's inequalities and their generalisations, as well as asymptotic phenomena for systoles of surfaces of large genus, revealing a link both to ergodic theory and to properties of congruence subgroups of arithmetic groups. The author includes results on the systolic manifestations of Massey products, as well as of the classical Lusternik-Schnirelmann category.
This book is dedicated to Dennis Sullivan on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The framework of affine and hyperbolic laminations provides a unifying foundation for many aspects of conformal dynamics and hyperbolic geometry. The central objects of this approach are an affine Riemann surface lamination $\mathcal A$ and the associated hyperbolic 3-lamination $\mathcal H$ endowed with an action of a discrete group of isomorphisms. This action is properly discontinuous on $\mathcal H$, which allows one to pass to the quotient hyperbolic lamination $\mathcal M$. Our work explores natural ``geometric'' measures on these laminations. We begin with a brief self-contained introduction to the measure theory on laminations by discussing the relationship between leafwise, transverse and global measures. The central themes of our study are: leafwise and transverse ``conformal streams'' on an affine lamination $\mathcal A$ (analogues of the Patterson-Sullivan conformal measures for Kleinian groups), harmonic and invariant measures on the corresponding hyperbolic lamination $\mathcal H$, the ``Anosov--Sinai cocycle'', the corresponding ``basic cohomology class'' on $\mathcal A$ (which provides an obstruction to flatness), and the Busemann cocycle on $\mathcal H$. A number of related geometric objects on laminations -- in particular, the backward and forward Poincare series and the associated critical exponents, the curvature forms and the Euler class, currents and transverse invariant measures, $\lambda$-harmonic functions and the leafwise Brownian motion -- are discussed along the lines. The main examples are provided by the laminations arising from the Kleinian and the rational dynamics. In the former case, $\mathcal M$ is a sublamination of the unit tangent bundle of a hyperbolic 3-manifold, its transversals can be identified with the limit set of the Kleinian group, and we show how the classical theory of Patterson-Sullivan measures can be recast in terms of our general approach. In the latter case, the laminations were recently constructed by Lyubich and Minsky in [LM97]. Assuming that they are locally compact, we construct a transverse $\delta$-conformal stream on $\mathcal A$ and the corresponding $\lambda$-harmonic measure on $\mathcal M$, where $\lambda=\delta(\delta-2)$. We prove that the exponent $\delta$ of the stream does not exceed 2 and that the affine laminations are never flat except for several explicit special cases (rational functions with parabolic Thurston orbifold).
Proceedings of the Conference on Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Dedicated to Dennis Sullivan's 60th Birthday, June 14-21, 2001, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
Proceedings of the Conference on Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Dedicated to Dennis Sullivan's 60th Birthday, June 14-21, 2001, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
The Stony Brook Conference, "Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics", was dedicated to Dennis Sullivan in honor of his sixtieth birthday. The event's scientific content, which was suggested by Sullivan, was largely based on mini-courses and survey lectures. The main idea was to help researchers and graduate students in mathematics and theoretical physics who encounter graphs in their research to overcome conceptual barriers. The collection begins with Sullivan's paper, "Sigma models and string topology," which describes a background algebraic structure for the sigma model based on algebraic topology and transversality. Other contributions to the volume were organized into five sections: Feynman Diagrams, Algebraic Structures, Manifolds: Invariants and Mirror Symmetry, Combinatorial Aspects of Dynamics, and Physics. These sections, along with more research-oriented articles, contain the following surveys: "Feynman diagrams for pedestrians and mathematicians" by M. Polyak, "Notes on universal algebra" by A. Voronov, "Unimodal maps and hierarchical models" by M. Yampolsky, and "Quantum geometry in action: big bang and black holes" by A. Ashtekar. This comprehensive volume is suitable for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in graph theory and its applications in mathematics and physics.
Embeddings of discrete metric spaces into Banach spaces recently became an important tool in computer science and topology. The purpose of the book is to present some of the most important techniques and results, mostly on bilipschitz and coarse embeddings. The topics include: (1) Embeddability of locally finite metric spaces into Banach spaces is finitely determined; (2) Constructions of embeddings; (3) Distortion in terms of Poincaré inequalities; (4) Constructions of families of expanders and of families of graphs with unbounded girth and lower bounds on average degrees; (5) Banach spaces which do not admit coarse embeddings of expanders; (6) Structure of metric spaces which are not coarsely embeddable into a Hilbert space; (7) Applications of Markov chains to embeddability problems; (8) Metric characterizations of properties of Banach spaces; (9) Lipschitz free spaces. Substantial part of the book is devoted to a detailed presentation of relevant results of Banach space theory and graph theory. The final chapter contains a list of open problems. Extensive bibliography is also included. Each chapter, except the open problems chapter, contains exercises and a notes and remarks section containing references, discussion of related results, and suggestions for further reading. The book will help readers to enter and to work in a very rapidly developing area having many important connections with different parts of mathematics and computer science.
This book is an ideal manual on the use of modern ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast pathology. It provides a comprehensive overview of current ultrasound techniques and explains the advantages and pitfalls of various ultrasound imaging modalities. Detailed attention is devoted to breast carcinoma, with guidance on differential diagnosis and presentation of pre- and postoperative ultrasound appearances. The most important benign breast diseases are also described and illustrated. Age-related features, including those seen in children and adolescents, are carefully analyzed, and an individual chapter is devoted to breast abnormalities in men. All aspects of lymph node appearances are reviewed in detail, with a special focus on the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of lymph node status. Ultrasound-guided breast interventions and imaging of breast implants are discussed in depth. This up-to-date and richly illustrated book will interest and assist specialists in ultrasound diagnostics, radiologists, oncologists, and surgeons.
The book describes in detail the discussions about the naval strategy and the shipbuilding progams in the Soviet political and military leadership from 1922 to the death of Stalin in 1953.
Presents translations of three novellas, Captain Dikshtein, Night Patrol, and Petra on His Way to the Heavenly Kingdom, by the contemporary Russian screenwriter Kuraev. Though most of his settings are in the 1950s and 1960s, he is highly concerned with the effect of the Stalin era on modern Russia. Paper edition (unseen), $14.95. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
The authors introduce and study the class of groups graded by root systems. They prove that if is an irreducible classical root system of rank and is a group graded by , then under certain natural conditions on the grading, the union of the root subgroups is a Kazhdan subset of . As the main application of this theorem the authors prove that for any reduced irreducible classical root system of rank and a finitely generated commutative ring with , the Steinberg group and the elementary Chevalley group have property . They also show that there exists a group with property which maps onto all finite simple groups of Lie type and rank , thereby providing a “unified” proof of expansion in these groups.
A key question for the contemporary world: What is Putin’s ideology? This book analyses this ideology, which it terms “Putinism”. It examines a range of factors that feed into the ideology – conservative thought in Russia from the nineteenth century onwards, Russian and Soviet history and their memorialisation, Russian Orthodox religion and its political connections, a focus on traditional values, and Russia’s sense of itself as a unique civilisation, different from the West and due a special, respected place in the world. The book highlights that although the resulting ideology lacks coherence and universalism comparable to that of Soviet-era Marxism-Leninism, it is nevertheless effective in aligning the population to the regime and is flexible and applicable in different circumstances. And that therefore it is not attached to Putin as a person, is likely to outlive him, and is potentially appealing elsewhere in the world outside Russia, especially to countries that feel belittled by the West and let down by the West’s failure to resolve problems of global injustice and inequality.
This volume is based on a conference held at SUNY, Stony Brook (NY). The concepts of laminations and foliations appear in a diverse number of fields, such as topology, geometry, analytic differential equations, holomorphic dynamics, and renormalization theory. Although these areas have developed deep relations, each has developed distinct research fields with little interaction among practitioners. The conference brought together the diverse points of view of researchers from different areas. This book includes surveys and research papers reflecting the broad spectrum of themes presented at the event. Of particular interest are the articles by F. Bonahon, "Geodesic Laminations on Surfaces", and D. Gabai, "Three Lectures on Foliations and Laminations on 3-manifolds", which are based on minicourses that took place during the conference.
A study of the development of strategic concepts in Stalin's Navy, in the context of his foreign/defence policy, using original archival documents translated from the Russian.
This book addresses the relationship between the center and its provinces—an important issue in any society—using Russia as a case study. It analyses the historical stages of Russia's past, with special focus on the post-Communist era.
This book gives a state of the art approach to the study of polynomial identities satisfied by a given algebra by combining methods of ring theory, combinatorics, and representation theory of groups with analysis. The idea of applying analytical methods to the theory of polynomial identities appeared in the early 1970s and this approach has become one of the most powerful tools of the theory. A PI-algebra is any algebra satisfying at least one nontrivial polynomial identity. This includes the polynomial rings in one or several variables, the Grassmann algebra, finite-dimensional algebras, and many other algebras occurring naturally in mathematics. The core of the book is the proof that the sequence of co-dimensions of any PI-algebra has integral exponential growth - the PI-exponent of the algebra. Later chapters further apply these results to subjects such as a characterization of varieties of algebras having polynomial growth and a classification of varieties that are minimal for a given exponent.
Charting the transformation of Vladimir Putin from a passionate fan of the West and a liberal reformer into a hurt and introverted outcast, All the Kremlin's Men is a historical detective story, full of intrigue and conspiracy. This is the story of the political battles that have taken place in the court of Vladimir Putin since his rise to power, and a chronicle of friendship and hatred between the Russian leader and his foreign partners and opponents..."--
The last ten years were decisive for Russia, not only in the political sphere, but also culturally as this period saw the rise and crystallization of Russian postmodernism. The essays, manifestos, and articles gathered here investigate various manifestations of this crucial cultural trend. Exploring Russian fiction, poetry, art, and spirituality, they provide a point of departure and a valuable guide to an area of contemporary literary-cultural studies which is currently insufficiently represented in English-language scholarship. A brief but useful "Who's Who in Russian Postmodernism" as an appendix introduces many authors who have never before appeared in a reference work of this kind and renders this book essential reading for those interested in the latest trends in Russian intellectual life.
Geometric Topology can be defined to be the investigation of global properties of a further structure (e.g. differentiable, Riemannian, complex,algebraic etc.) one can impose on a topological manifold. At the C.I.M.E. session in Montecatini, in 1990, three courses of lectures were given onrecent developments in this subject which is nowadays emerging as one of themost fascinating and promising fields of contemporary mathematics. The notesof these courses are collected in this volume and can be described as: 1) the geometry and the rigidity of discrete subgroups in Lie groups especially in the case of lattices in semi-simple groups; 2) the study of the critical points of the distance function and its appication to the understanding of the topology of Riemannian manifolds; 3) the theory of moduli space of instantons as a tool for studying the geometry of low-dimensional manifolds. CONTENTS: J. Cheeger: Critical Points of Distance Functions and Applications to Geometry.- M. Gromov, P. Pansu, Rigidity of Lattices: An Introduction.- Chr. Okonek: Instanton Invariants and Algebraic Surfaces.
This book provides a multidisciplinary overview to the application of high order derivative spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in biology and ecology. The characteristics of the principle methods as well as the generation of reliable spectra are discussed in general terms allowing the reader to gain an idea of these methods’ potentials. Furthermore the authors give an extended overview to the spectroscopic and spectro-photometric analysis of specific biological materials. This volume is a well condensed description of an analytical method and a clear review to its application in biology and related fields and an essential tool for researchers who are new in the field of spectroscopic methods and their applications in the life sciences.
This visionary and engaging book provides a mathematical perspective on the fundamental ideas of numbers, space, life, evolution, the brain and the mind. The author suggests how a development of mathematical concepts in the spirit of category theory may lead to unravelling the mystery of the human mind and the design of universal learning algorithms. The book is divided into two parts, the first of which describes the ideas of great mathematicians and scientists, those who saw sparks of light in the dark sea of unknown. The second part, Memorandum Ergo, reflects on how mathematics can contribute to the understanding of the mystery of thought. It argues that the core of the human mind is a structurally elaborated object that needs a creation of a broad mathematical context for its understanding. Readers will discover the main properties of the expected mathematical objects within this context, called ERGO-SYSTEMS, and readers will see how these “systems” may serve as prototypes for design of universal learning computer programs. This is a work of great, poetical insight and is richly illustrated. It is a highly attractive read for all those who welcome a mathematical and scientific way of thinking about the world.
The volume contains the proceedings of the workshop Continuous Advances in QCD 2006, hosted by the Wiliam I Fine Theoretical Physics Institute. This biennial workshop was the seventh meeting of the series, held at the University of Minnesota since 1994. The workshop gathered together about 110 scientists (a record number for the event), including most of the leading experts in quantum chromodynamics and non-Abelian gauge theories in general.
Shrouded by the thick clouds of hot, dense atmosphere, the planet Venus - Earth's closest neighbour in space - remained mysterious until recent decades. Today, with data from contemporary observations and from Russian and American spacecraft, Venus has moved into sharper focus. This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and detailed analysis of the nature of Venus. The authors, experts in planetary science from Russia and the United States, examine all the principal aspects of Venus, with particular attention paid to the planet's formation, the development of a runaway greenhouse effect, and Venus' evolution into a planet completely different from others in our solar system. Integrating data from Galileo, Magellan, Pioneer-Venus, Venera sand other space missions, this book summarizes the history of Venus, covers the atmosphere, geomorphology and tectonic history of the planet, and considers its geology.
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