History abounds with many heroes. The Indian freedom struggle had its own share of them. Subhas Chandra Bose fired the nation with patriotic fervour, very different in character to the non-violent approach preached by Gandhi. Truly an outsider to the movements of satyagraha and passive resistance that rapidly gained momentum, he made a valiant effort to galvanize the nation into action with evocative slogans such as – ‘Freedom is never given, it is taken' . . . 'Tum mujhe khoon do, main tumhe azadi doonga'. JAI HIND – India's national greeting ? was the salutation coined by him to arouse nationalistic passion among the Indians. In what was unthinkable then, Bose dared to ally with the Nazis and the Japanese, and raised an indigenous army called Azad Hind Fauj to challenge the military might of the British Empire. Why then has Subhas Chandra Bose been largely marginalized as a footnote in the history of India's independence? Perhaps the mythical legends that continue to shroud both his personal life and political happenstance hold some answers. The Lost Hero – a thoroughly researched biography of Subhas Bose – delves into the life and times of this great man, with the hope that he is granted a befitting place in the annals of Indian history.
This book is a concise presentation of important aspects involved in dealing with extraction and utilization of bioactive compounds from the food industry waste. It starts with a focus on the global scenario of food waste generation and potential of food waste in various industries. Thereafter, the various conventional and advanced extraction techniques are discussed to highlight on how to separate bioactive compounds from the food waste. The application of industrial food-waste derived bioactive compounds in various emerging sectors are highlighted. Features: Presents critical discussion on various advancement in various extraction processes including future trends. Provides elaborative description of food waste sources and challenges associated with it. Highlights potential of bioactive compounds in various industries. Quantitatively discusses existing as well as new technologies/methodologies. Includes a separate chapter on pertinent policies of various countries. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical and food engineering, separation technology and bioactive compounds.
Electrocoagulation Based Treatment of Water and Wastewater is a concise presentation of different real-life applications on electrocoagulation treatment process involved in the removal of harmful contaminants from both drinking and industrial wastewater.. The first few chapters of the book focus on the global scenario of water purification, its types, and characteristics along with different water treatment processes including the electrocoagulation technique. Electrocoagulation Based Treatment of Water and Wastewater explains both the foundational information and state-of-the-art topics involved in the treatment of water and wastewater using electrocoagulation and its hybrid techniques in an easy-to-understand manner. The experimental studies conducted across the globe, along withtheir associated challenges and the possible solutions, are explored, , starting from the basics and gradually progressing towards the advanced level of the subject. In an organized manner, the book addresses both the standalone and hybrid electrocoagulation-based techniques established for water and wastewater treatment in real life applications. The readers of this book will acquire an in-depth knowledge in the field of drinking and industrial wastewater treatment from its basics to the current research accomplishments. - Focuses on the global scenario of water purification, its types, and characteristics along with different water treatment processes, including the electrocoagulation techniques - Reviews current treatment techniques for the remediation of drinking water and wastewater - Provides real-life applications on the treatment of drinking and industrial wastewater across the globe via standalone and hybrid electrocoagulation techniques - Features techno-economic and environmental analysis, along with challenges and future recommendations related to electrocoagulation and its hybrid-based techniques
Advances in Extraction and Applications of Bioactive Phytochemicals presents comprehensive and systematic coverage of extraction techniques for bioactive phytochemical compounds and their delivery and therapeutic effectiveness. Sections focus on the pharmaceutical industry's perspective, aiming at compiling recent advances of natural products in the field of drug delivery, including a brief overview of plant-based bioactive molecules, utilization of different plant elements for the extraction of phytochemicals, a compilation of conventional extraction approaches, advanced extraction methods, including Supercritical carbon-dioxide extraction, computational methods to improve production, drug delivery aspects of bioactive phytochemicals, their therapeutic effectiveness, and more. This book is a complete reference targeted at pharma researchers in academic and corporate environments and those willing to apply the most current extraction methods and health applications. Researchers in medicinal chemistry and chemical engineering will also benefit from this comprehensive resource. - Offers a consistent compilation of the most current phytochemical extraction techniques - Includes detailed protocols for extraction - Covers the main classes of naturally occurring bioactive phytochemical compounds
Treatment of toxic wastewater generated from different unit operations of the steel industry is a matter of extensive research. The most important is the utilization of different treatment techniques, especially ozonation, electrocoagulation, precipitation, and various hybrid methods for the remediation of toxic pollutants. This book covers case studies of various treatment techniques utilized for the remediation of different steel industry unit operation wastewater. The book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in wastewater treatment and chemical engineering. Features: Focuses on case studies of steel industry-generated wastewater treatment Discusses different unit operations of the steel industry along with wastewater generation Provides insights for the remediation of toxic industrial wastewater by different advanced treatment techniques Considers the environmental impacts of the generated steel plant wastewater Includes focused knowledge and future insights on wastewater treatment
This book describes the various advanced treatment methods for removal of multiple types of dyes from effluent stream. It pays particular attention to the economic aspects of treatment of textile waste-water. The different technologies illustrated in the book include adsorption, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation, micellar enhanced ultrafiltration, cloud-point extraction, and electrocoagulation. The book presents in-depth analyses of the removal mechanisms and performance optimization of the processes involved therein. This book will be useful to chemists, chemical engineers, environmental engineers, and health and pollution control professionals. The contents have been presented in a manner that they can be easily understood and applied by a wide variety of readers including researchers, students, and practicing engineers.
Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Products: Fundamental Strategies and Technological Advancements focuses on fundamental and advanced topics surrounding technologies for the conversion process of lignocellulosic biomass. Each and every concept related to the utilization of biomass in the process of conversion is elaborately explained, with importance given to minute details. Advanced level technologies involved in the conversion of biomass into biofuels, like bioethanol and biobutanol, are addressed, along with the process of pyrolysis. Readers of this book will become fully acquainted with the field of lignocellulosic conversion, from its basics to current research accomplishments. The uniqueness of the book lies in the fact that it covers each and every topic related to biomass and its conversion into value-added products. Technologies involved in the major areas of pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation are explained precisely. Additional emphasis is given to the analytical part, especially the established protocols for rapid and accurate quantification of total sugars obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. - Includes chapters arranged in a flow-through manner - Discusses mechanistic insights in different phenomena using colorful figures for quick understanding - Provides the most up-to-date information on all aspects of the conversion of individual components of lignocellulosic biomass
Waste-Based Zeolite: Synthesis and Environmental Applications focuses on the use of waste-based materials to fabricate zeolite and its subsequent use in environmental applications. It presents recent progress in zeolite synthesis using wastes products such as fly ash, steel slag, biomass waste, water treatment plant sludge, and municipal waste, among others. It discusses the application of waste-based zeolite for environmental applications such as biodiesel production, as well as considering techniques for recovering spent zeolite. Many industries produce substantial quantities of waste material comprising various hazardous constituents that lead to pollution and threaten the environment. However, such waste can often be a rich source of precursor ingredients for zeolite synthesis, and waste-based zeolites could potentially provide an economically and environmentally viable alternative to commercially available zeolites. This book illuminates this fascinating avenue of research. - Investigates the synthesis of waste-based zeolites and their application for environmental remediation - Covers the classification, structure, and characterization techniques of waste-based zeolites - Discusses waste-based zeolites as a potential catalyst for biofuel production - Considers the regeneration analysis and recovery of spent zeolite material
Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery enlists the latitudes and advancements in the synthesis processes, functionalization, and applications of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) in targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs). It covers the applicability and suitability of CBNs as nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery application via elucidating the recent advancements in CBNs, their functionalized and innovative derivatives, and the relevant case studies. The book explores the necessity, efficacy, toxicological aspects, and challenges for the application of CBN in targeted DDSs. Some of the features of this book are provided as follows: Provides elaborative description on significance and adaptability of carbon-based nanomaterial in targeted drug delivery for wide ranges of therapeutics Delivers a full-spectrum discussion on drug delivery through carbon-based nanocarriers Explores each carbon-based nanocarrier fundamentally for its drug and gene-delivery-related applications Describes critical discussion on various toxicological effects over the utilization of these nanocarriers Embraces existing as well as novel technologies/methodologies related to the synthesis and functionalization of CBNs, including graphene, graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotube, fullerene, and smart carbon-based nanocarriers This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in materials and pharmaceutical engineering, including drug delivery systems.
To address the issue of discharge of untreated industrial effluent in the water body causing pollution, adoption of cleaner production technologies and waste minimization initiatives are being encouraged. The book explains each related technology elaborately and critically analyses the same from practical application point of view. In-depth characterization, environmental and health effects and treatment of various industrial effluents are discussed with case studies. Limitations, challenges and remedial actions to be taken are included at the end of each chapter. Chapters are arranged as per specific type of effluents from various industries like textile, tannery/leather plant, and oil refinery.
Nonrenewable natural resources – metallic and non-metallic minerals, industrial rocks and energy resources (both organic and inorganic), have been treated in a holistic manner in this book, including two important resources (soil and water), not commonly covered in most books on this topic. For the uninitiated reader, an introductory chapter looks into some basic definitions as well as nature and characteristics of mineral deposits followed by a chapter on the different crustal processes that produce the various ore deposits in the endogenous and exogenous environments. The strength of the book lies in its critical treatment of the genetic processes of the mineral deposits, their classification and the geodynamic context of metallogeny, and coverage of sustainable development of mineral deposits with special reference to various socio-economic as well as regulatory and environmental issues that face the Indian mining industry today. The text is punctuated with examples of Indian deposits, balanced with classical deposits around the world, to cater to the interests of Indian students and the international readership. This is a book for advanced undergraduate and post-graduate students of Geology, Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management.
Practical reservoir engineering techniques have been adequately described in various publications and textbooks, and virtually all useful techniques are suit able for implementation on a digital computer. Computer programs have been written for many of these techniques, but the source programs are usually not available in published form. The purpose of this book is to provide a central source of FORTRAN-coded algorithms for a wide range of conventional reservoir engineering techniques. The book may be used as a supplementary text for courses in practical reservoir engineering. However, the book is primarily intended for practicing reservoir engineers in the hope that the collection of programs provided will greatly facil itate their work. In addition, the book should be also helpful for non-petroleum engineers who are involved in applying the results of reservoir engineering analysis. Sufficient information is provided about each of the techniques to allow the book to be used as a handy reference. ix INTRODUCTION This book provides many of the useful practical reservoir engineering (conven tional) techniques used today in the form of FORTRAN codes. The primaI:y objectives have been to provide the simplest possible method for obtaining reli able answers to practical problems. Unfortunately, these codes can usually be applied by simply following a cookbook approach. However, if at all possible, the solutions obtained should be verified and cross-checked by some other means and, most important, should be checked for reasonability.
Mihir Bose, born in Kolkata shortly before Indian independence in 1947, still feels an enormous debt of gratitude to Mr Crombie, the UK Home Office official who fulfilled his dreams of settling in Britain. Having studied there in the 1960s before heading back to India under parental pressure, he later returned to London. Shiva Naipaul, doubting that Bose could become a writer, mocked him for reembracing the colonial lash--but Bose would prove him wrong. This absorbing memoir shows how Britain has changed dramatically for the better since the '60s. Then, Indian food was shunned, not adored; landladies wouldn't rent Bose a room; white women would not have relationships, because they wanted white babies; and he suffered several assaults, fearing for his life. In those early days, Bose could not imagine that the British would take such enormous strides towards multi-racial harmony. While this extraordinary transformation has reinforced his faith in the nation's capacity for change, Britain's complex, at times deeply shameful, imperial legacy must still be addressed. India has been proving its doubters wrong, and striving to come to terms with its tortured past. Can twenty-first-century Britain, too, grow once again, and earn the gratitude of future generations?
The northwestern Indian Shield, covering a major part of Rajasthan and parts of northern Gujarat, northwestern Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Delhi, is one of the most important repositories of a variety of mineral deposit types, particularly of base metals. Their metallogeny has been a topic of both academic and economic interest for more than five decades. This volume presents in a systematic manner the essential features of all economically significant types of metallic mineral deposits in this region and considers their mettallogeny in the perspective of crystal evolution of the northwestern Indian shield. Current concepts, problems and the probable trends of future research are highlighted. Leading geoscientists with first hand knowledge of this Precambrian terrene have contributed to this volume. The book will be of interest to exploration geologists, researchers and postgraduate students concerned with Precambrian geology and metallogeny.
Mihir Bose was born in January 1947. Eight months later, India became a modern, free nation. The country he knew growing up in the 1960s has undergone vast and radical change. India today exports food, sends space probes to Mars, and, all too often, Indian businesses rescue their ailing competitors in the West. In From Midnight to Glorious Morning?, Bose travels the length and breadth of India to explore how a country that many doubted would survive has been transformed into one capable of rivaling China as the world’s preeminent economic superpower. Multifarious challenges still continue to plague the country: although inequality and corruption are issues not unique to India, such a rapid ascent to global prominence creates a precarious position. However, as Bose outlines, this rapid ascent provides evidence that India is ever capable of making great strides in the face of great adversity. Bose’s penetrating analysis of the last seventy years asks what is yet to be done for India in order to fulfill the destiny with which it has been imbued. The predictions of doom in August 1947 have proved to be unfounded; the growth of the nation in population and capital has been exponential, and there is much to celebrate. But Bose’s nuanced, personal, and trenchant book shows that it is naïve to pretend the hoped-for bright morning has yet dawned.
Comprehensive coverage of fluid film lubrication Written by global experts in the field, this in-depth engineering resource discusses the theory, design, analysis, and application of fluid film lubrication, providing proven methods for reducing friction in rotating machinery components. The book thoroughly addresses all aspects of the topic, from viscosity and rotor-bearing dynamics to elastohydrodynamic lubrication and fluid inertia effects. Fully worked examples, analytical and numerical methods of solutions, practice problems, and detailed illustrations are included in this authoritative reference. Fundamentals of Fluid Film Lubrication covers: Introduction to tribology Viscosity and rheology of lubricants Mechanics of lubricant films and basic equations Hydrodynamic lubrication Finite bearings Thermohydrodynamic analysis of fluid film bearings Design of hydrodynamic bearings Dynamics of fluid film bearings Externally pressurized lubrication Fluid inertia effects and turbulence in fluid film lubrication Gas-lubricated bearings Hydrodynamic lubrication of rolling contacts Elastohydrodynamic lubrication Vibration analysis with lubricated ball bearings Thermal effect in rolling–sliding contacts
Blue Energy Extraction Using Salinity Gradients presents a collection of case studies on real-world power plants from around the world that involve sustainable energy extraction via salinity gradients. Using real-world examples, the book explains and demonstrates the fundamentals, technologies, processes, and application of salinity gradient energy extraction methods, and offers practical solutions. The opening chapter of the book provides an overview of the fundamentals and technologies of salinity gradient energy. Each Subsequent chapter analyses a real-world salinity gradient power plant from a different region of the world and includes examples from developed and developing economies on three continents. For each case study, key aspects of performance are evaluated, and the benefits and operational challenges are discussed. Validated mathematical models are also included to improve readers understanding of how to control operating parameters. Blue Energy Extraction Using Salinity Gradients provides a unique perspective on the commercialization of salinity gradient energy extraction, and is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and industry engineers. - Reviews the latest technologies, progress, and developments in sustainable energy generation using salinity gradients - Provides real-world case studies from working power stations around the globe, focusing on the practical challenges that are faced by their implementation - Critically evaluates the potential for energy generation using salinity gradients, which regions yield the greatest potential, and supports this understanding with mathematical models - includes examples of full-scale osmotic power extraction
This book introduces the theory of graded consequence (GCT) and its mathematical formulation. It also compares the notion of graded consequence with other notions of consequence in fuzzy logics, and discusses possible applications of the theory in approximate reasoning and decision-support systems. One of the main points where this book emphasizes on is that GCT maintains the distinction between the three different levels of languages of a logic, namely object language, metalanguage and metametalanguage, and thus avoids the problem of violation of the principle of use and mention; it also shows, gathering evidences from existing fuzzy logics, that the problem of category mistake may arise as a result of not maintaining distinction between levels.
Thermal Induced Membrane Separation Processes describes the fundamental and advanced areas associated with the field of thermal induced membrane separation processes. It includes extensive coverage of material selection, types, and theory of thermal induced membrane fabrication, characterization, and modification. This book focuses on the applications of various thermal induced membrane processes and discusses ancillary topics related to the subject, such as membrane modules, membrane contactors and reactors, preparation and characterization techniques, smart membranes, fouling and its mitigation, and economic analysis of the thermal induced membrane separation processes. Thermal Induced Membrane Separation Processes elaborates on every aspect on the thermal induced membranes in a simple and straightforward manner, helping readers ranging from students to researchers in academia and the industry to understand the processes for successful execution and implementation into their research.
Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Membranes: Smart Polymeric Membranes explains the fundamentals and advances in topics relating to the field of membrane science. It elaborately explains concepts relating to stimuli responsive membranes, with special importance given down to minute details. Material selection, preparation, characterization and applications of various stimuli responsive membranes are extensively addressed, and their relevance (including examples) is included. The book covers history and development, merits and demerits, mechanisms of transport and fouling, applicability of membranes to various diverse areas, and preparation and characterization techniques of membranes. Next, the concept of fouling and its remedial actions is discussed. Finally, promising fields of research in the membrane science and future perspectives of membrane science field are explored. - Provides basic and advanced knowledge of smart membranes, considering their morphological, physicochemical and separation characteristics - Written in a clear and lucid style, keeping a diverse audience in mind - Based on the state-of-art research of the authors
This book covers different green approaches used for the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles and their environmental remediation applications. It investi-gates various environmental applications such as antimicrobial studies, dye and heavy metal removal, and wastewater pollutant degradation by various green syn-thesized iron nanomaterials. Critical analysis of different routes and the sepa-ration techniques of iron-based nanomaterials along with the potential impacts of iron nanoparticles on human health and the atmosphere are also discussed. Overall, the authors: Summarize all the basic aspects of synthesis and application of iron-based green nanomaterials Explain morphological parameters of the prepared nanomaterials obtained from different routes and their specific applications Include different separation techniques from an industrial point of view Exclusively cover specific environmental remediation applications Discuss the future scope and challenges of green processes This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in chemical and environmental engineering, materials science, and nanotechnology.
Technological Advancements in Product Valorization of Tea Waste focuses on recent and advanced topics involved with technologies for valorization of tea waste. The book elaborately explains the fundamental concepts of utilization of such waste in the process of conversion as well as current research accomplishments. It emphasizes technologies involved in the major areas of extraction of several important biomolecules like tea polyphenols, polysaccharides for human bioactivity, metal-based nanomaterial synthesis for environmental removal of aquatic pollutants, generation of various different forms of bioenergy including biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol and advanced applications of tea waste in various emerging sectors. Industries covered include the polymer industry, biorefineries, electrical manufacturing and electrochemistry. - Provides a complete overview from the fundamental basics to advanced knowledge of tea waste valorization - Educates about technologies, analytical techniques and applications towards sustainable utilization of tea waste - Covers the entire field on tea waste valorization
Comprehensive coverage of fluid film lubrication Written by global experts in the field, this in-depth engineering resource discusses the theory, design, analysis, and application of fluid film lubrication, providing proven methods for reducing friction in rotating machinery components. The book thoroughly addresses all aspects of the topic, from viscosity and rotor-bearing dynamics to elastohydrodynamic lubrication and fluid inertia effects. Fully worked examples, analytical and numerical methods of solutions, practice problems, and detailed illustrations are included in this authoritative reference. Fundamentals of Fluid Film Lubrication covers: Introduction to tribology Viscosity and rheology of lubricants Mechanics of lubricant films and basic equations Hydrodynamic lubrication Finite bearings Thermohydrodynamic analysis of fluid film bearings Design of hydrodynamic bearings Dynamics of fluid film bearings Externally pressurized lubrication Fluid inertia effects and turbulence in fluid film lubrication Gas-lubricated bearings Hydrodynamic lubrication of rolling contacts Elastohydrodynamic lubrication Vibration analysis with lubricated ball bearings Thermal effect in rolling–sliding contacts
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