This book aims to enrich our understanding of the role the environment plays in processes of life and cognition, from the perspective of enactive cognitive science. Miguel A. Sepúlveda-Pedro offers an unprecedented interpretation of the central claims of the enactive approach to cognition, supported by contemporary works of ecological psychology and phenomenology. The enactive approach conceives cognition as sense-making, a phenomenon emerging from the organizational nature of the living body that evolves in human beings through sensorimotor, intercorporeal, and linguistic interactions with the environment. From this standpoint, Sepúlveda-Pedro suggests incorporating three new theses into the theoretical body of the enactive approach: sense-making and cognition fundamentally consist of processes of norm development; the environment, cognitive agents actually interact with, is an active ecological field enacted in their historical past; and sense-making occurs in a domain consisting of multiple normative dimensions that the author names enactive place.
A witch doctor casting an evil spell in a steaming jungle village; a young medical-school graduate cleaning a machete wound in a rat-infested thatched hut; a world-renowned scientist doing research in Mexico City—all were part of the mid-twentieth century medical scene in Mexico, a country of great cultural, socioeconomic, and geographical contrasts. Gordon Schendel, in collaboration with Dr. José Alvarez Amézquita and Dr. Miguel E. Bustamante, relates the history of medicine and public health and welfare in Mexico. This absorbing story begins with a great indigenous culture; continues with Spanish Colonial rule, the unproductive first century of independence from Spain, and the years of revolution; then concentrates on the modern nation. The Aztec civilization evidenced a knowledge of pharmacology and the fundamentals of health far in advance of contemporary European societies. And almost one hundred years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, New Spain boasted a comprehensive "Public Health Administration" and a hospital system that served all classes. However, throughout Mexico's three centuries as a Spanish colony and its first century of independence, millions of its citizens suffered abysmal poverty. Thus when the Republic of Mexico entered its post-Revolutionary era, the majority of its citizens were plagued by superstition, illiteracy, malnutrition, and the other "diseases of the poor." The principal part of this story tells how Mexico attacked these problems, and how in a few short years it became a leader and a model for all Latin America in the fields of medicine and public health and welfare. The book is based on Mr. Schendel's research and observations and on his many interviews with doctors and govemment officials. It will be of interest to the medical profession and to concerned laymen of all nationalities, for it illustrates how a dynamic nation met challenges that all countries of the world, developed and underdeveloped, must face.
In Front Lines, Miguel Martínez documents the literary practices of imperial Spain's common soldiers. Against all odds, these Spanish soldiers produced, distributed, and consumed a remarkably innovative set of works on war that have been almost completely neglected in literary and historical scholarship. The soldiers of Italian garrisons and North African presidios, on colonial American frontiers and in the traveling military camps of northern Europe read and wrote epic poems, chronicles, ballads, pamphlets, and autobiographies—the stories of the very same wars in which they participated as rank-and-file fighters and witnesses. The vast network of agents and spaces articulated around the military institutions of an ever-expanding and struggling Spanish empire facilitated the global circulation of these textual materials, creating a soldierly republic of letters that bridged the Old and the many New Worlds of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Martínez asserts that these writing soldiers played a key role in the shaping of Renaissance literary culture, which for its part gave to them the language and forms with which to question received notions of the social logic of warfare, the ethics of violence, and the legitimacy of imperial aggression. Soldierly writing often voiced criticism of established hierarchies and exploitative working conditions, forging solidarities among the troops that often led to mutiny and massive desertion. It is the perspective of these soldiers that grounds Front Lines, a cultural history of Spain's imperial wars as told by the common men who fought them.
Hacia 1278 el fraile franciscano Juan Gil de Zamora escribía la obra De preconiis Hispanie, que dedicaba al hijo de Alfonso X, el príncipe Sancho, más tarde rey Sancho IV. Se puede decir que la finalidad de la obra era la instrucción del príncipe, para lo cual trata una serie de temas que considera formativos y constituyen el contenido de la obra: los primeros pobladores de España, la fertilidad de sus tierras, las cualidades que deben tener los príncipes (largueza, fortaleza, fidelidad, paciencia, perseverancia), todo ello acompañado de exempla de hombres famosos de la Antigüedad, las figuras históricas, tanto políticas (emperadores hispanos) como literarias (poetas e historiadores) y religiosas (santos), la historia más reciente de España y una visión de la historia universal, resaltando siempre los aspectos moralizantes. Pese a su relación con la corte de Alfonso X, impulsor del uso del romance en obras históricas, Juan Gil utilizó el latín para su obra. Para paliar el escaso conocimiento de la lengua latina que había entre muchos miembros de la nobleza se hacían traducciones como la que presentamos aquí. El manuscrito de esta traducción, con el título de Alabanças de España, perteneció al marqués de Santillana, como indican algunas notas marginales, y es de suponer que era una ayuda para leer el De preconiis Hispanie de Juan Gil. Ha permanecido inédita hasta el presente, por lo que consideramos que su publicación es una excelente contribución para los estudiosos en general y especialmente para la historia de la lengua española.
Carl Schmitt is the last thinker to provide a complete, original definition of politics. His work influences many debates in contemporary political theory through a collection of concepts he created: political theology, the katechon, friend and enemy. Despite how influential his ideas are, they tend to be employed metaphorically, and sometimes incorrectly. This miscalculation is due to Carl Schmitt himself, who never gave us a final, complete version of his political thought, or even of some of his most famous concepts. In this book, I aim to reconstruct his political thought using three key concepts: political theology, the concept of the political, and the theory of modernity. To do so, I have consulted all his published works, but also the archival documents, in particular those with ties to Spain, which had previously received little attention. This reconstruction offers readers a qualitative introduction to Schmitt’s political thought that aims to blend logical clarity with document-based evidence.
This book provides a critical assessment of José Martí, relying primarily on his own writings. While Martí is influential in the construction of Cuban socio-philosophical thought, De La Torre explores how he still remains complicit with white Cuban/Spaniard supremacy and how that contributes to the construction of intra-Cuban oppression today"--
This is the first Chronology of Portuguese Literature to be published in any language. It presents a comprehensive year-by-year list of significant and representative works of literature published mainly in Portuguese from 1128 to the beginning of the current millennium. As a reference tool, it displays the continuity and variety of the literature of the oldest European country, and documents the development of Portuguese letters from their origins to the year 2000, while also presenting the year of birth and death of each author. This book is an ideal resource for students and academics of Portuguese literature and Lusophone cultures.
La sostenibilidad, cualidad de lo sostenible, hace referencia a un proceso que puede alargarse en el tiempo. Cuando este proceso lo referimos a cuestiones socio-ecológicas, comprobamos cómo, desde hace ya largo tiempo, no son pocas las voces acreditadas que han puesto sobre aviso del progresivo deterioro ecológico y sus consecuencias perjudiciales para la vida humana. Nuestra obra parte de estas negatividades para repensar la idea de sostenibilidad en sus justos términos, y así dar cabida a una variedad de aportaciones que ayuden a restituimos dentro de los límites ecosistémicos.
The dangerous cosmic fissure known as The Fault has ripped opened a portal to the Marvel Universe, spilling out the demented forces of a horrific mirror universe where there is no death and life prevails unchecked - the Cancerverse! From this dark realm, the evil Lord Mar-Vell - a twisted version of the legendary Captain Marvel - leads his army to claim our universe for their own! Nova, the Silver Surfer, Quasar, Gladiator and more of the greatest cosmic champions of the Marvel Universal rise to stop them, but when even they cannot stop the forces of the Cancerverse, the fate of the universe lies in the hands of the cosmos' never-say-die underdogs, the Guardians of the Galaxy! Facing a threat like none other, Star-Lord and company cook up an all-or-nothing plan to bring their prisoner, the mad titan Thanos, into the Cancerverse to unleash hell! With everything on the line, the fate of the universe rests in the hands of one of Marvel's greatest villains!
Yes, even in Southern California, weather is something we experience every day. It is in our conscious or subconscious whenever we wake up, look out a window, venture outside, see or feel the sunshine, hear the swish of wind in the trees or the white noise of rain on the roof. We make decisions, sometimes several times a day, based on a brief thought of weather. We make plans based on the near-term forecast, or long-term climate. Occasionally, we take prompt action to stay safe from it. For something so integral to our lives, how much of it do we understand? Greater understanding of the real, practical meaning of the forecast can inform decisions and plans, affording greater confidence and less frustration. You will gain a greater awareness of how the weather you experience works. You’ll understand where forecasts come from, how they’re made, and what it means to you.
Much of the history of Mexican American educational reform efforts has focused on campaigns to eliminate discrimination in public schools. However, as historian Guadalupe San Miguel demonstrates in Chicana/o Struggles for Education: Activisim in the Community, the story is much broader and more varied than that. While activists certainly challenged discrimination, they also worked for specific public school reforms and sought private schooling opportunities, utilizing new patterns of contestation and advocacy. In documenting and reviewing these additional strategies, San Miguel’s nuanced overview and analysis offers enhanced insight into the quest for equal educational opportunity to new generations of students. San Miguel addresses questions such as what factors led to change in the 1960s and in later years; who the individuals and organizations were that led the movements in this period and what motivated them to get involved; and what strategies were pursued, how they were chosen, and how successful they were. He argues that while Chicana/o activists continued to challenge school segregation in the 1960s as earlier generations had, they broadened their efforts to address new concerns such as school funding, testing, English-only curricula, the exclusion of undocumented immigrants, and school closings. They also advocated cultural pride and memory, inclusion of the Mexican American community in school governance, and opportunities to seek educational excellence in private religious, nationalist, and secular schools. The profusion of strategies has not erased patterns of de facto segregation and unequal academic achievement, San Miguel concludes, but it has played a key role in expanding educational opportunities. The actions he describes have expanded, extended, and diversified the historic struggle for Mexican American education.
In this timely and thought-provoking book, the authors engage each other and the reader in an ongoing dialogue questioning the purpose and role of the contemporary university as bureaucratic, corporate, and diversified. Written as a series of conversations between the authors, two Chicano scholars at a western university, Debatable Diversity chronicles their own experiences as academic activists who struggled for decades to transform an American university system based more on entrepreneurship and the business model than on a dedication to the ideals set forth by a social awareness and support for civil rights that came out of the 1960s and early 1970s, a time when hope and faith in social change permeated college campuses. Instead, as Padilla and Montiel reveal, this commitment was never realized, and the lack of responsiveness of most American universities to the realities of shifting demographics and cultural diversity is the rule rather than the exception. Posing a challenge for all of those interested in transforming the university into a place that reflects the realities of the American cultural landscape, including growing minority populations, the challenge of maintaining a sense of humanity in the face of the information age, socioeconomic and class inequality, and the growing presence of minorities on campus, Debatable Diversity challenges readers to reexamine the purposes, goals, and functions of the American university in light of the ongoing social transformation from modernity to postmodernity. Not only do the authors offer an insider's look at the inner workings of academia, but also of academic activism, with the goal of renewal and reconfiguration of the contemporary 'multiversity.
El volumen primero de España a finales de la Edad Media (2017) ya trató sobre algunos marcos y fundamentos del orden social como son las realidades geográficas, la población y, en especial, el sistema económico y su funcionamiento, incluyendo una aproximación a los grupos sociales que intervenían en la producción y distribución de bienes. Este segundo volumen tiene como objeto estudiar el conjunto de la estructura social, su dinámica y las relaciones que se establecen en el seno de la sociedad, en diversos ámbitos y modalidades: Iglesia, nobleza y señoríos, campesinos, ciudades y municipios, grupos marginales, judíos, mudéjares. El tiempo histórico a considerar discurre desde mediados del siglo XIII hasta comienzos del XVI y, como e el primer volumen, se ofrece una amplia guía bibliográfica clasificada por materias para dar a conocer el estado de las investigaciones y gran parte de las publicaciones especializadas.
This book describes and analyses the health system of Mexico as part of a series covering health systems in Europe, Canada and the United States of America.
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