Since 1994, public works programs with community participation have been part of South Africa's efforts to reduce poverty through increasing employment, skills, infrastructure, and local capacities. This report is an analysis of the intended and actual responsibilities of community forums and community-based committees; the value added by community participation in project selection, design, and management, and the problems introduced; the impact of community participation on project performance; and the factors that have constrained the ability of community-based committees to play the role envisioned for them in policy documents. The research provides a window into the developmental changes and challenges faced by South Africa since its transition to democracy in 1994 and reveals the dilemmas and possibilities pertaining to community-driven development projects.
Conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs)cash grants to poor families that are conditional on their participation in education, health, and nutrition serviceshave become a vital part of poverty reduction strategies in many countries, particularly in Latin America. In Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America, the contributors analyze and synthesize evidence from case studies of CCTs in Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. The studies examine many aspects of CCTs, including the trends in development and political economy that fostered interest in them; their costs; their impacts on education, health, nutrition, and food consumption; and how CCT programs affect social relations shaped by gender, culture, and community. Throughout, the authors identify the strengths and weaknesses of CCTs and offer guidelines to those who design them.
It is widely accepted that food production benefits from agricultural research, but whether that research benefits the poor is less certain. In 2000, the World Agroforestry Centre and the International Food Policy Research Institute began examining the impact of soil fertility replenishment technologies on the poor in western Kenya. This report is one of seven case studies that comprise a broader IFPRI-managed study designed to determine how agricultural research is benefiting poor people. The goal of this broader study is to identify the conditions under which agricultural research reduces poverty and to improve the targeting of research to the changing needs of the poor. The study develops methods for evaluating the impact of agricultural research on poverty in the context of different agricultural technologies and within different country, social, and institutional settings. It also establishes a foundation that allows agricultural research centers to assess the impact of their work, identify research priorities, and guide technological design to increase future impact on poverty.
Young women today crave strong, independent role models to look to for motivation. In the follow-up to the 2012 bestseller Girls Who Rocked the World, More Girls Who Rocked the World offers a fun and inspiring collection of influential stories with forty-five more movers and shakers who rocked the world before turning twenty. A variety of achievements, interests, and ethnic backgrounds are represented, from Annie Oakley and Cleopatra to Malala Yousafzai and Misty Copeland--each with her own incredible story of how she created life-changing opportunities for herself and the world. Personal aspirations from today's young women are also interspersed throughout the book, as well as profiles of teenagers who are out there rocking the world right now"--
Advanced Genetic Analysis brings a state-of-the-art,exciting new approach to genetic analysis. Focusing on theunderlying principles of modern genetic analysis, this bookprovides the 'how' and 'why' of the essential analytical toolsneeded. The author's vibrant, accessible style provides an easyguide to difficult genetic concepts, from mutation and genefunction to gene mapping and chromosome segregation. Throughout, abalanced range of model organisms and timely examples are used toillustrate the theoretical basics. Basic principles - Focuses students attention on the 'how' and'why' of the essential analytical tools. Vibrant, accessible style provides an easy guide throughdifficult genetic concepts and techniques. Text boxes highlight key questions and timely examples. Boxes of key information in each chapter, chapter summaries andextensive references - prompt the student to synthesise andreinforce the chapter material. Special reference section addressing a range of model organismsto help provide a particularly relevant context for students'research interests.
After the revolutionary period of 1910-1920, Mexico developed a number of social protection programs to support workers in public and private sectors and to establish safeguards for the poor and the aged. These included pensions, healthcare, and worker's compensation. The new welfare programs were the product of a complex interrelationship of corporate, labor, and political actors. In this unique dynamic, cross-class coalitions maintained both an authoritarian regime and social protection system for some seventy years, despite the ebb and flow of political and economic tides. By focusing on organized labor, and its powerful role in effecting institutional change, Workers and Welfare chronicles the development and evolution of Mexican social insurance institutions in the twentieth century. Beginning with the antecedents of social insurance and the adoption of pension programs for central government workers in 1925, Dion's analysis shows how the labor movement, up until the 1990s, was instrumental in expanding welfare programs, but has since become largely ineffective. Despite stepped-up efforts, labor has seen the retrenchment of many benefits. Meanwhile, Dion cites the debt crisis, neoliberal reform, and resulting changes in the labor market as all contributing to a rise in poverty. Today, Mexican welfare programs emphasize poverty alleviation, in a marked shift away from social insurance benefits for the working class.
Since 1994, public works programs with community participation have been part of South Africa's efforts to reduce poverty through increasing employment, skills, infrastructure, and local capacities. This report is an analysis of the intended and actual responsibilities of community forums and community-based committees; the value added by community participation in project selection, design, and management, and the problems introduced; the impact of community participation on project performance; and the factors that have constrained the ability of community-based committees to play the role envisioned for them in policy documents. The research provides a window into the developmental changes and challenges faced by South Africa since its transition to democracy in 1994 and reveals the dilemmas and possibilities pertaining to community-driven development projects.
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