In 1957 Burnet and Thomas formulated the cancer immunosurveillance theory by hypothesizing that lymphocytes act as sentinels in recognizing and eliminating continuously arising, nascent transformed cells. Cancer immunosurveillance is one of several important host protection processes that inhibit carcinogenesis and maintain regular cellular homeostasis. More recently, it has been proposed that immunosurveillance primarily functions as a component of a more general process of cancer immunoediting, which involves three phases, elimination (surveillance), equilibrium and escape. These stages have largely been formulated on the basis of experimental data accumulated in mice over the past decade. In parallel, convincing correlative clinical data from human patients have provided unequivocal evidence that cells of the immune system, both innate and adaptive, are required for prevention of cancer. This chapter summarizes the principles of cancer immunoediting and focuses on the relevant clinical data that best support the role of immunity in cancer initiation, growth and spread.
In 1957 Burnet and Thomas formulated the cancer immunosurveillance theory by hypothesizing that lymphocytes act as sentinels in recognizing and eliminating continuously arising, nascent transformed cells. Cancer immunosurveillance is one of several important host protection processes that inhibit carcinogenesis and maintain regular cellular homeostasis. More recently, it has been proposed that immunosurveillance primarily functions as a component of a more general process of cancer immunoediting, which involves three phases, elimination (surveillance), equilibrium and escape. These stages have largely been formulated on the basis of experimental data accumulated in mice over the past decade. In parallel, convincing correlative clinical data from human patients have provided unequivocal evidence that cells of the immune system, both innate and adaptive, are required for prevention of cancer. This chapter summarizes the principles of cancer immunoediting and focuses on the relevant clinical data that best support the role of immunity in cancer initiation, growth and spread.
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