Libya’s economic stability should be a priority for the international community. Although the private sector is an integral part of the Libyan economy, limited systematic information is available on how the prolonged conflict in Libya affected the private sector and the implications for a postconflict recovery. Using original survey data, The Private Sector amid Conflict aims to fill this gap by analyzing how the private sector has coped with the conflict and examining resilience and postconflict optimism. The conflict has profoundly affected the Libyan private sector. The conflict-induced macroeconomic crisis has generated a liquidity crisis, weakening the banking sector. Firms’ revenues, jobs,and production have been reduced and value chains have been disrupted. The conflict has distorted the business environment, undermining the rule of law, reducing accountability, and affecting service delivery. Not all fi rms have been negatively affected, however. The conflict-induced changes to competition, access to inputs and markets, innovations, and informal activities tend to affect different types of fi rms differently. Overall, the private sector shows signs of resilience and optimism for a postconflict recovery. The analysis in the book draws on novel data and other conflict experiences. The results presented offer suggestions for policy actions to address private sector constraints amid conflict and in the postconflict era.
This book gathers ten thermofluid dynamics problems involving the use of analytical solutions. All these problems have been encountered by the author during his research activity; some of the solutions are his own contributions, while others either are classic literature results or can be derived from them. The physical phenomena involved range from pure hydrodynamics to flow with heat or mass transfer, two-phase flow, and magnetohydrodynamics. The problems discussed are not canonical problems; they are rarely found in textbooks, and often exhibit surprising, or even paradoxical, solutions. The potential readership of the book includes students, teachers and scientists in science and engineering interested in fluid dynamics and heat/mass transfer: to them it may offer food for thought, suggestions for lectures or tutorials and ideas for further original developments.
Technological innovation and the military have always been in a state of constant interaction, fostered especially during the post-Cold War period. In this context, the present study focuses on the relationship of Italian, American, British, French and German Armed Forces with Information Communication Technology (ICT). The aim is to analyse in a Euro-Atlantic perspective the path undertaken by the Italian Army to develop Network Enabled Capabilities (NEC) through the “Forza NEC” Program. The acronym NEC refers to the interconnection of different elements of the Armed Forces in a single broad network, making them interact in order to achieve a strategic superiority. The book is composed of three chapters, which offer respectively an analysis of the American case, an overview of recent developments in France, Germany and the UK, and a discussion of the situation in Italy. The volume – which comes four years after the IAI publication The Transformation of Armed Forces: The Forza NEC Program – aims at analysing state of the art of the evolving relationship between technological innovation and the Armed Forces. This evolution is hindered by the fact that efforts to digitize and interconnect land forces and their equipment by using ICT sometimes clash with both operational difficulties and budget constraints. Such a clash poses challenges and roadblocks on the way towards NEC undertaken by the Armed Forces of the countries discussed in this book.
The question of whether we can foster growth and innovation while promoting individual freedoms poses a challenge for everyone studying and working on innovation and development policies. Whilst innovation literature is largely dominated by a focus on efficiency, development literature tends to focus on equality and pays less attention to mechanisms fostering economic and social change. This book aims to move beyond these barriers and to identify development policies that foster both efficiency and equality, exploring the connection between innovation policies and the improvement of individual freedoms. Capabilities, Innovation and Economic Growth argues that we can answer these questions by focusing on the relation between Amartya Sen's human development approach and the Neo-Schumpeterian analysis of innovation systems. After considering the connections between the two schools of thought and the way they enrich each other's perspectives, chapters go on to show how policy can support virtuous circles in which innovation, human development and economic growth interact and mutually reinforce each other. This is undertaken through the descriptive analysis and the empirical testing of a sample of nations and European regions. The volume concludes with an exploration of the contribution that the capabilities approach can give to the design of innovation policy, and with the analysis of macroeconomic policies favorable to innovation and human development. This will be essential reading for: students and academic economists interested in development, growth and innovation; policy makers and officers in charge of defining development and innovation plans at national and regional level; and consultants and managers in development agencies implementing innovation and development projects.
Libya’s economic stability should be a priority for the international community. Although the private sector is an integral part of the Libyan economy, limited systematic information is available on how the prolonged conflict in Libya affected the private sector and the implications for a postconflict recovery. Using original survey data, The Private Sector amid Conflict aims to fill this gap by analyzing how the private sector has coped with the conflict and examining resilience and postconflict optimism. The conflict has profoundly affected the Libyan private sector. The conflict-induced macroeconomic crisis has generated a liquidity crisis, weakening the banking sector. Firms’ revenues, jobs,and production have been reduced and value chains have been disrupted. The conflict has distorted the business environment, undermining the rule of law, reducing accountability, and affecting service delivery. Not all fi rms have been negatively affected, however. The conflict-induced changes to competition, access to inputs and markets, innovations, and informal activities tend to affect different types of fi rms differently. Overall, the private sector shows signs of resilience and optimism for a postconflict recovery. The analysis in the book draws on novel data and other conflict experiences. The results presented offer suggestions for policy actions to address private sector constraints amid conflict and in the postconflict era.
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