In-vivo imaging markers of neuronal changes related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are ideally suited to be employed as diagnostic markers for early and differential diagnosis of AD as well as for the assessment of neurobiological effects of medical treatments in clinical trials. Novel molecular imaging techniques enable in-vivo detection of cerebral amyloid pathology, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques, such as volumetric MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), provide structural lesion markers that allow tracking disease progression from preclinical through predementia to clinically manifest stages of AD. However, a widespread clinical use of these imaging biomarkers is hampered by considerable multi-centric variability related to differences in scanner hardware and acquisition protocols, but also by the lack of internationally agreed upon standards for analytic design and employed quantitative metrics. Several strategies for reducing multicenter variability in imaging measures have been proposed, including homogenization of the acquisition settings across scanner platforms, stringent quality assurance procedures, and artifact removal by means of post-acquisition image processing techniques. In addition, selection of appropriate statistical models to account for remaining multicenter variability in the data can further improve the accuracy and reproducibility of study results. The first projects for international standardization of image analysis methods and derived quantitative metrics have emerged recently for volumetric MRI measures. In contrast, the standardization and establishment of DTI-derived measures within a multicenter context are less well developed. Although molecular imaging techniques are already widely used in multicenter settings, sources of variability across sites and appropriate methods to reduce multicenter effects are still not explored in detail. Comparability of neuroimaging measures as AD biomarkers in worldwide clinical settings will finally depend on the establishment of internationally agreed upon standards for image acquisition, quality assurance, and employed quantitative metrics.
Printed Pandemonium is a fresh take on one of the most violent political upheavals in early modern history: the popular riots, the political murders and the brutal purifications of local governments in the Dutch Republic during the so-called ‘Year of Disaster’ 1672. Printed Pandemonium gives an insight into the relationship between political event and political communication in the early modern world. The popular revolts of 1672 were the work of ‘normal’ citizens who rioted and killed, but also politically participated by reading, writing and debating hundreds of different pamphlets and petitions that were put on the market during that momentous year. In total somewhere between one and two million pamphlets flooded the Dutch Republic in 1672. This study is the first analysis of all these pamphlets.
Reviewing the state-of-the-art research in the field of imagery, visuo-spatial memory, spatial representation and language, with special emphasis on their interactions, the volume addresses the issues in depth, presenting new evidence through contributions from both behavioural and neuroimaging studies.
This book describes the major achievements and discoveries relevant to bacterial protein toxins since the turn of the new century illustrated by the discovery of more than fifty novel toxins (many of them identified through genome screening). The establishment of the three-dimensional crystal structure of more than 20 toxins during the same period offers deeper knowledge of structure-activity relationships and provides a framework to understand how toxins recognize receptors, penetrate membranes and interact with and modify intracellular substrates. - Edited by two of the most highly regarded experts in the field from the Institut Pasteur, France - 14 brand new chapters dedicated to coverage of historical and general aspects of toxinology - Includes the major toxins of both basic and clinical interest are described in depth - Details applied aspects of toxins such as therapy, vaccinology, and toolkits in cell biology - Evolutionary and functional aspects of bacterial toxins evaluated and summarized - Toxin applications in cell biology presented - Therapy (cancer therapy, dystonias) discussed - Vaccines (native and genetically engineered vaccines) featured - Toxins discussed as biological weapons, comprising chapters on anthrax, diphtheria, ricin etc.
The papers in this volume derive from the conference on textile terminology held in June 2014 at the University of Copenhagen. Around 50 experts from the fields of Ancient History, Indo-European Studies, Semitic Philology, Assyriology, Classical Archaeology, and Terminology from twelve different countries came together at the Centre for Textile Research, to discuss textile terminology, semantic fields of clothing and technology, loan words, and developments of textile terms in Antiquity. They exchanged ideas, research results, and presented various views and methods. This volume contains 35 chapters, divided into five sections: - Textile terminologies across the ancient Near East and the Southern Levant - Textile terminologies in Europe and Egypt - Textile terminologies in metaphorical language and poetry - Textile terminologies: examples from China and Japan - Technical terms of textiles and textile tools and methodologies of classifications
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