The European Union (EU) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) share the distinction of having proven themselves as the two most successful large-scale international trade regulation regimes. This very useful book analyses the core legal concepts and rules that characterise the regulation of trade in the WTO. At the heart of the analysis is a comparison of WTO rules with parallel rules in the EU trade system, revealing how similar trade issues are dealt with in the two systems – a perspective that not only sheds light on how WTO law and EU law interact, but also greatly facilitates an understanding of the special features of WTO law for readers who are more familiar with EU law. Within this framework, the authors explore such key trade issues as the following: dispute settlement; implementation of judicial decisions and enforcement; principles of non-discrimination; trade in goods; non-discriminatory restrictions as barriers to trade; exceptions from trade-liberalisation obligations; trade and environmental protection;trade in agricultural products; conditions for applying safeguard and anti-dumping measures; prohibited and actionable subsidies; regulation of services; protection of intellectual property rights; regional trade agreements; special and differential treatments; government procurement; competition policy; and regulation of investment. As a timely and accessible analysis of the WTO and its interaction with the EU, this book is sure to be welcomed by international trade professionals, government officials, and interested academics, students, and researchers.
This revised and updated edition of a basic sourcebook and practice guide in EU competition law retains the first edition’s significantly broader perspective on EU competition law than most books in the field. It explains not only the traditional areas of competition law but also aspects of competition law that are of particular importance to practitioners. With its comprehensive overview of relevant provisions related to competition, among others, the authors shed clear light on the following topics and the interplay between these different areas of competition law: the prohibition of agreements which restrict competition; the prohibition of abuse of dominant position; the rules on merger control; the prohibition of State aid; the liberalised sectors such as energy supply, transport, postal services, and telecommunications; and the rules on public procurement. The chapters integrate an extensive number of sources, including new acts, new decisions and judgments, and new Commission guidelines, that help guide the interpretation of the underlying Treaty provisions. With its enhanced view of EU competition policy, regulation, and enforcement and its emphasAis on specific industry sectors, this book offers an unusually thorough view of aspects of competition law which play an essential role in regulating the conduct of undertakings and public authorities in the market. This new edition will continue to be of special value to any lawyer, policymaker, or scholar active in European competition law.
This reference atlas showcases around 250 beautiful galaxies within an amateur astronomer's reach and uses them to explain current astrophysical research.
In the medical treatment of children and teenagers and the accompaniment of their parents, alternative therapies, homoeopathy, anthroposophic medicine, psychology and psychosomatics play an ever greater role alongside conventional, science-based medicine. Before a therapy can be successful, an individual diagnosis must be made, taking somatic symptoms, mental and emotional aspects and the developmental stage of the child into account. The background and context of the illness must be determined as well: Why has this child developed this particular disease at this particular moment? In this way your therapy can activate the child’s own disease-fighting resources and support it in developing its potential. Ten years after the first edition, Individual Pediatrics has been completely revised for its fourth edition. Current developments in the field of epigenetics, questions about vaccination, sun protection, and vitamin D are covered, as are newly developed and refined treatment concepts for disorders such as inadequate ventilation of the middle ear, bronchial asthma, neurodermatitis, and ADHS. New case reports have been added, and all drug data have been updated.
The EU's emergence as an international security provider, under the first Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) operations in the Balkans in 2003, is a critical development in European integration. In this book, which relies on extensive interviews with CSDP officials, Michael E. Smith investigates how the challenge of launching new CSDP operations causes the EU to adapt itself in order to improve its performance in this realm, through the mechanism of experiential institutional learning. However, although this learning has helped to expand the overall range and complexity of the CSDP, the effectiveness of this policy tool still varies widely depending on the nature of individual operations. The analysis also calls in to question whether the CSDP, and the EU's broader structures under the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon, are fit for purpose in light of the EU's growing strategic ambitions and the various security challenges facing Europe in recent years.
Helps students to understand EU law, then inspires them to take their learning further. With succinct coverage of the law, accompanied by self-test questions and further reading, this is an ideal text for those new to the subject or pursuing further study.
An interdisciplinary study of the interconnected subtexts of erotic attraction, illness, and death in several 19th- and 20th-century operatic texts. This is an examination of how opera uses the singing body to give voice to the suffering person. It presents medical and literary sources to make sense of the changing depiction of disease in opera.
A cutting-edge introduction to contemporary religious studies theory, connecting theory to data. This innovative coursebook introduces students to interdisciplinary theoretical tools for understanding contemporary religiously diverse societies—both Western and non-Western. Using a case-study model, the text considers: A wide and diverse array of contemporary issues, questions, and critical approaches to the study of religion relevant to students and scholars A variety of theoretical approaches, including decolonial, feminist, hermeneutical, poststructuralist, and phenomenological analyses Current debates on whether the term "religion" is meaningful Many key issues about the study of religion, including the insider-outsider debate, material religion, and lived religion Plural and religiously diverse societies, including the theological ideas of traditions and the political and social questions that arise for those living alongside adherents of other religions Understanding Religion is designed to provide a strong foundation for instructors to explore the ideas presented in each chapter in multiple ways, engage students in meaningful activities in the classroom, and integrate additional material into their lectures. Students will gain the tools to apply specific methods from a variety of disciplines to analyze the social, political, spiritual, and cultural aspects of religions. Its unique pedagogical design means it can be used from undergraduate- to postgraduate-level courses.
This is the first of a two-volume set that deal with the entire Milky Way. This first volume looks at what can be seen predominantly from the Northern Skies. In addition to the descriptive text, there are many star charts and maps, as well as the latest up-to-date images made by observatories around the world and in space, as well as images taken by amateur astronomers.
WTO Law and Direct Taxation are linked in numerous ways. The WTO Agreements, thereof especially the GATT and GATS Agreements, contain several explicit provisions on the subject of direct taxes or even on its delimitation from Tax Treaty Law. To some extent, the scope of application of WTO Law has been broadened by case law to comprise also direct taxes. This entails overlappings particularly with regard to the law of subsidies, prohibitions of discrimination, and most-favoured-nation obligations. This book highlights increasingly relevant interdependencies between WTO Law and Direct Taxation from the viewpoint of 21 States. Special emphasis is placed on the conformity of national taxes on profits with WTO Law as well as on specifics of interpretation in several Member States. 21 National Reports from nearly all EU countries as well as Colombia, Israel, New Zealand, Norway and the USA dealt with this topic and were compiled and published in this volume. Additionally, a General Report prepared by Servatius van Thiel summarises the results of the National Reports. Moreover, experts in this field joining the Conference among them Reuven Avi-Yonah, Michael Lennard and Raymond Luja have volunteered contributions dealing with specific problems of WTO and Direct Taxation.
A biography of the brother and sister who helped found modern astronomy Discoverers of the Universe tells the gripping story of William Herschel, the brilliant, fiercely ambitious, emotionally complex musician and composer who became court astronomer to Britain's King George III, and of William's sister, Caroline, who assisted him in his observations of the night sky and became an accomplished astronomer in her own right. Together, they transformed our view of the universe from the unchanging, mechanical creation of Newton's clockmaker god to the ever-evolving, incredibly dynamic cosmos that it truly is. William was in his forties when his amateur observations using a homemade telescope led to his discovery of Uranus, and an invitation to King George's court. He coined the term "asteroid," discovered infrared radiation, was the first to realize that our solar system is moving through space, discovered 2,500 nebulae that form the basis of the catalog astronomers use today, and was unrivalled as a telescope builder. Caroline shared William's passion for astronomy, recording his observations during night watches and organizing his papers for publication. She was the first salaried woman astronomer in history, a pioneer who herself discovered nine comets and became a role model for women in the sciences. Written by the world's premier expert on the Herschels, Discoverers of the Universe traces William and Caroline's many extraordinary contributions to astronomy, shedding new light on their productive but complicated relationship, and setting their scientific achievements in the context of their personal struggles, larger-than-life ambitions, bitter disappointments, and astonishing triumphs.
Astrophysics is often –with some justification – regarded as incomprehensible without the use of higher mathematics. Consequently, many amateur astronomers miss out on some of the most fascinating aspects of the subject. Astrophysics Is Easy! cuts through the difficult mathematics and explains the basics of astrophysics in accessible terms. Using nothing more than plain arithmetic and simple examples, the workings of the universe are outlined in a straightforward yet detailed and easy-to-grasp manner. Following on the success of the first and second editions, this fully updated third edition covers the significant changes in astrophysics theories and research that have occurred in the last five years, including new material on: exomoons, exocomets and exoasteroids; Special and General Relativity; gravitational waves, their origins and detection; telescope optics; black hole astrophysics; and more. For each topic under discussion, an observing list is included so that observers can actually see for themselves the concepts presented – stars of the spectral sequence, nebulae, galaxies, even black holes. The book also features in-text, nonmathematical questions and end-of-chapter problems – all with their accompanying solutions – to help readers discuss and digest the material.
The European Union (EU) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) share the distinction of having proven themselves as the two most successful large-scale international trade regulation regimes. This very useful book analyses the core legal concepts and rules that characterise the regulation of trade in the WTO. At the heart of the analysis is a comparison of WTO rules with parallel rules in the EU trade system, revealing how similar trade issues are dealt with in the two systems – a perspective that not only sheds light on how WTO law and EU law interact, but also greatly facilitates an understanding of the special features of WTO law for readers who are more familiar with EU law. Within this framework, the authors explore such key trade issues as the following: dispute settlement; implementation of judicial decisions and enforcement; principles of non-discrimination; trade in goods; non-discriminatory restrictions as barriers to trade; exceptions from trade-liberalisation obligations; trade and environmental protection;trade in agricultural products; conditions for applying safeguard and anti-dumping measures; prohibited and actionable subsidies; regulation of services; protection of intellectual property rights; regional trade agreements; special and differential treatments; government procurement; competition policy; and regulation of investment. As a timely and accessible analysis of the WTO and its interaction with the EU, this book is sure to be welcomed by international trade professionals, government officials, and interested academics, students, and researchers.
This revised and updated edition of a basic sourcebook and practice guide in EU competition law retains the first edition’s significantly broader perspective on EU competition law than most books in the field. It explains not only the traditional areas of competition law but also aspects of competition law that are of particular importance to practitioners. With its comprehensive overview of relevant provisions related to competition, among others, the authors shed clear light on the following topics and the interplay between these different areas of competition law: the prohibition of agreements which restrict competition; the prohibition of abuse of dominant position; the rules on merger control; the prohibition of State aid; the liberalised sectors such as energy supply, transport, postal services, and telecommunications; and the rules on public procurement. The chapters integrate an extensive number of sources, including new acts, new decisions and judgments, and new Commission guidelines, that help guide the interpretation of the underlying Treaty provisions. With its enhanced view of EU competition policy, regulation, and enforcement and its emphasAis on specific industry sectors, this book offers an unusually thorough view of aspects of competition law which play an essential role in regulating the conduct of undertakings and public authorities in the market. This new edition will continue to be of special value to any lawyer, policymaker, or scholar active in European competition law.
Competition law in the EU includes a wide range of topics and has developed into a very comprehensive area of regulation. This book covers the broader perspective of competition law, giving an overview of a very complex domain of EU law. Through all relevant sources of primary and secondary EU law the book presents the intricacies of the present competition framework for businesses and public entities. It draws the lines between the different areas, and between competition law and the internal market project. The book covers all aspects of traditional EU competition law, as well as issues not formally regulated in the TFEU section on competition rules - the competition issues of the liberalised sectors and public procurement. Among the matters covered are the following: the substantive rules on Articles 101 and 102 TFEU; the enforcement rules of these provisions; merger control; the liberalised sectors, with focus on energy, transport, postal services and telecommunication; state aid; public undertakings; and public procurement. With its enhanced view of EU competition policy, regulation, and enforcement, and its emphasis on specific industry sectors, this book offers an unusually thorough view of aspects of competition law which play an essential role in regulating the conduct of undertakings and public authorities in the market. It will be of special value to any lawyer, policymaker, or scholar active in European competition law.
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