The field of e-learning continues to experience dramatic and turbulent growth. Over time, as technology has improved and the method's real capabilities have emerged, e-learning has gained widespread acceptance and is now the fastest growing sector of corporate learning. As in years past, Michael Allen's Annual offers a diverse and important collection that contains some of the most current insights and best practices that will help both educators and workplace learning leaders address issues of design and implementation, as well as strategy and culture. In addition, this new volume offers a diverse mix of content that spans the full spectrum of technology-based learning. Year after year, the Annual discusses emerging trends in social media; showcases e-learning innovation; presents contemporary- and best-practices; tackles big-picture, strategic issues; and provides a host of useful tips and techniques. Additional content is also available online. Praise for Michael Allen's 2012 e-Learning Annual "Michael Allen's Annual really is annual. I found new examples and provocative ideas—just what I was looking for." —Allison Rossett, professor of educational technology, San Diego State University "Just another academic anthology? Hardly! Michael Allen has convinced e-learning's super-heroes to join forces to crush complacency, demolish dogma, rewrite rules, streamline strategies, and light a brighter future for e-learning. Warning: The accumulated wisdom and original thinking of this elite team of designers, practitioners, consultants, and researchers will leave you dissatisfied with your current e-learning efforts and aching to put their ideas into play." —William Horton, author, e-Learning by Design and consultant, William Horton Consulting "The real learning at conferences takes place in the hallways. This wonderful book is like eavesdropping on those conversations, except that Michael has put the top thinkers in our field in the hall for you." —Jay Cross, chairman, Internet Time Alliance Nabeel Ahmad Clark Aldrich Bobbe Baggio Tony Bingham Julia Bulkowski Bryan Chapman Phil Cowcill Allan Henderson Peter Isackson Cheryl Johnson Cathy King Leslie Kirshaw Tina Kunshier David Metcalf Corinne Miller Craig Montgomerie Frank Nguyen Maria Plakhotnik Tonette Rocco Anita Rosen Patti Shank Clive Shepherd Martyn Sloman Belinda Smith Susan Smith Nash Ken Spero Carla Torgerson Thomas Toth Reuben Tozman Marc Weinstein
This two-volume treatise, the collected effort of more than 50 authors, represents the first comprehensive survey of the chemistry and biology of the set of molecules known as peptide growth factors. Although there have been many symposia on this topic, and numerous publications of reviews dealing with selected subsets of growth factors, the entire field has never been covered in a single treatise. It is essential to do this at the present time, as the number of journal articles on peptide growth factors now makes it almost impossible for anyone person to stay informed on this subject by reading the primary literature. At the same time it is becoming increasingly apparent that these substances are of universal importance in biology and medicine and that the original classification of these molecules, based on the laboratory setting of their discovery, as "growth factors," "lymphokines," "cytokines," or "colony stimulating factors," was quite artifactual; they are in fact the basis of a com mon language for intercellular communication. As a set they affect essentially every cell in the body, and in this regard they provide the basis to develop a unified science of cell biology, germane to all of biomedical research. This treatise is divided into four main sections. After three introductory chapters, its principal focus is the detailed description of each of the major peptide growth factors in 26 individual chapters.
The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought distributional issues to the top of the policy agenda. The challenge for many governments is to address concerns over rising inequality while simultaneously promoting economic efficiency and more robust economic growth. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects households ‘consumption directly (through taxes and transfers) and indirectly (via incentives for work and production and the provision of public goods and individual services such as education and health). An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country studies (on the Netherlands, China, India, Republic of Congo, and Brazil) demonstrate the diversity of challenges across countries and their differing capacity to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on and extends work done at the IMF, and also includes contributions from leading academics.
Enzymes as Targets for Drug Design is a collection of scientific discussions related to enzyme inhibitors that show the many facets of the drug discovery process from the basic sciences through clinical applications. Topics include the biogenesis of phosphatidylinositol glycosyl membrane proteins, structure and catalytic function of ADP-ribose polymerase (ADPRT), and modulation of the dopaminergic system in cardiovascular therapeutics. The therapeutic utility of selected enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors, the role of proteinases in the fibrosis of systemic sclerosis, and therapeutic opportunities in eicosanoid biosynthesis are also discussed. This book consists of 18 chapters and begins with examples of enzymes whose activities have recently been elucidated, or for which newer insights have been gleaned, but which do not yet have selective or potent inhibitors. The second part provides examples of enzymes where inhibitors have been identified but it is still not clear whether or not such an enzymatic blockade will be therapeutically beneficial. The final section describes clinical studies of newer, and not so new, enzyme inhibitors that are clearly of therapeutic importance. The therapeutic activity of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the associated clinical issues are considered. This book is intended for clinicians as well as basic scientists in biochemistry, chemistry, pharmacology, and cell biology.
The American Promise if more teachable and memorable than any other U.S. survey text. The balanced narrative braids together political and social history so that students can discern overarching trends as well as individual stories. The voices of hundreds of Americans - from Presidents to pipe fitters, and sharecroppers to suffragettes - animate the past and make concepts memorable. The past comes alive for students through dynamic special features and a stunning and distinctive visual program. Over 775 contemporaneous illustrations - more than any competing text - draw students into the text, and more than 180 full - color maps increase students' geographic literacy. A rich array of special features complements the narrative offering more points of departure for assignments and discussion. Longstanding favorites include Documenting the American Promise, Historical Questions, The Promise of Technology, and Beyond American's Boders, representing a key part of a our effort to increase attention paid to the global context of American history.
The first book on the subject of chronic heartburn for general readers, "Heartburn" dispels myths about the malady, calms fears, and points sufferers toward the correct diagnosis and therapies. Updated with a new Preface. Featured on "Today".
The memoirs and musings of Constantine Michael Xeros, a native of Dallas, Texas, from a family of immigrant Greeks from the Peloponnesus, educated in the public schools and the Holy Trinity Parish, WWII veteran, graduate of Texas A&M University.
The American Promise is more teachable and memorable than any other U.S. survey text. The balanced narrative braids together political and social history so that students can discern overarching trends as well as individual stories. The voices of hundreds of Americans - from Presidents to pipe fitters, and sharecroppers to suffragettes - animate the past and make concepts memorable. The past comes alive for students through dynamic special features and a stunning and distinctive visual program. Over 775 contemporaneous illustrations - more than any competing text - draw students into the text, and more than 180 full - color maps increase students' geographic literacy. A rich array of special features complements the narrative offering more points of departure for assignments and discussion. Longstanding favorites include Documenting the American Promise, Historical Questions, The Promise of Technology, and Beyond American's Boders, representing a key part of a our effort to increase attention paid to the global context of American history.
Known for his rousing speeches and military triumphs, General George S. Patton, Jr. is one of the most famous military figures in U.S. history. Yet, he is better known for his profanity than his prayers. Until now. In his new book George S. Patton: Blood, Guts, and Prayer, author Michael Keane takes readers on a journey through Patton’s career in three parts: his military prowess, his inspirational bravery, and his faith. Using Patton’s own diaries, speeches, and personal papers, Keane examines the general’s actions and personality to shed light on his unique and paradoxical persona. From his miraculous near-death experience to his famous prayer for fair weather, Patton: Blood, Guts, and Prayer recounts the seminal events that contributed to Patton’s personal and religious beliefs. Comprehensive and inspiring, Patton: Blood, Guts, and Prayer is an extraordinary look at the public and private life of one of World War II's most storied generals.
While architects have been the subject of many scholarly studies, we know very little about the companies that built the structures they designed. This book is a study in business history as well as civil engineering and construction management. It details the contributions that Charles J. Pankow, a 1947 graduate of Purdue University, and his firm have made as builders of large, often concrete, commercial structures since the company's foundation in 1963. In particular, it uses selected projects as case studies to analyze and explain how the company innovated at the project level. The company has been recognized as a pioneer in "design-build," a methodology that involves the construction company in the development of structures and substitutes negotiated contracts for the bidding of architects' plans. The Pankow companies also developed automated construction technologies that helped keep projects on time and within budget. The book includes dozens of photographs of buildings under construction from the company's archive and other sources. At the same time, the author analyzes and evaluates the strategic decision making of the firm through 2004, the year in which the founder died. While Charles Pankow figures prominently in the narrative, the book also describes how others within the firm adapted the business so that the company could survive a commercial market that changed significantly as a result of the recession of the 1990s. Extending beyond the scope of most business biographies, this book is a study in industry innovation and the power of corporate culture, as well as the story of one particular company and the individuals who created it.
This comprehensive history of modern South Asia explores the historical development of the Subcontinent from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the present day from local and regional, as opposed to European, perspectives. Michael Mann charts the role of emerging states within the Mughal Empire, the gradual British colonial expansion in the political setting of the Subcontinent and shows how the modern state formation usually associated with Western Europe can be seen in some regions of India, linking Europe and South Asia together as part of a shared world history. This book looks beyond the Subcontinent’s post-colonial history to consider the political, economic, social and cultural development of Pakistan and Bangladesh as well as Sri Lanka and Nepal, and to examine how these developments impacted the region’s citizens. South Asia’s Modern History begins with a general introduction which provides a geographical, environmental and historiographical overview. This is followed by thematic chapters which discuss Empire Building and State Formation, Agriculture and Agro-Economy, Silviculture and Scientific Forestry, Migration, Circulation and Diaspora, Industrialisation and Urbanisation and Knowledge, Science, Technology and Power, demonstrating common themes across the decades and centuries. This book will be perfect for all students of South Asian history.
Wolfe and Nesi provide information about treating and preventing one of the most widespread medical problems: acid reflux, whose prime symptom is heartburn.
TRAUMA Prepare to be hooked from page one of this shock-inducing medical thriller from New York Times bestselling author Michael Palmer and his son, acclaimed suspense novelist Daniel Palmer. Dr. Carrie Bryant is a much-admired neurosurgical resident at an esteemed Boston hospital. When the relentless pace of her residency leads to a life-shattering error, Carrie loses her confidence—and decides to quit her residency and move back home. Her new life’s purpose: To help her combat-vet brother, Adam, recover from a crippling case of post-traumatic stress disorder. “A unique novel that shows the strength of both authors’ work.”—Mystery Scene The experimental program at the VA Medical Center promises the possibility of curing the ravages of PTSD forever. It seems like Adam’s best option, but Carrie has her doubts when one of her patients goes missing...and then another. Carrie joins local investigative reporter David Hoffman in the hunt for answers. The hospital, however, is determined to keep its secrets at all costs. As Carrie and David descend into a labyrinth of murder and corruption, the price Carrie could pay for asking the wrong questions is her own life... “When it comes to inventive plots for medical thrillers, nobody does it better than Michael Palmer.”—Huffington Post
Social studies is a field in crisis. The crisis stems from failure to establish the very foundation of social studies’ purpose in public education: civic education. Social studies advocates have never put forth a coherent method for teaching civic education because policymakers and the public have been unable to agree upon a general definition of civic education. This issue has disrupted the field since the early days. As educators sought to include civic education within public schools as a dedicated field, social studies evolved into a blending of history, social sciences, and civic education. Social studies’ evolution never resolved the differences between the three, with each discipline striving to control the narrative. Instead of creating a unified field, the disciplines devalued social studies and thus any discipline associated with it. The Rise and Fall of Civic Education: The Battle for Social Studies in a Shifting Historical Landscape investigates the changing definitions and purposes ascribed to social studies in the United States through time. This result is viewed through the rising tensions from culture wars as America’s divisive politics fight to control the narrative of the disciplines within social studies.
America had been attacked and ravaged over three nights by an elite force of Al-Qaeda guerilla teams, but thanks to FBI special agent Philip Calvert and his ad hoc team of agents, cops, and Marine sharpshooters, that assault had been blunted, and many of the attackers killed or captured. Still Al-Qaeda had accomplished much, for the assault had terrified Americans from the smallest hamlets to the largest cities. And so successful had the assault been, that the evil mastermind behind it is now determined to repeat it again and again and again until America bows and submits to Islam and the rule of the supreme Iranian Ayatollah. Unfortunately for this evil genius and his allies, seemingly disgraced agent Philip Calvert is actually still on the job. And so is his team, now no longer an ad hoc group, but Americas premiere anti-terrorist task force Task Force AT. And its job isnt simply to counter terrorists and arrest them, but to eliminate them with prejudice
In the spring of 1862, Confederate troops' lack of infantry men and loss of critical battles forced their commanders to make a bold, strategic change. Using a unique, day-by-day narrative, author Michael R. Bradley recounts how Southern forces utilized horsemen to strike behind enemy lines and complete the most successful mounted operation of the Civil War. Thoroughly detailed, this work relates the daring military pursuits of Confederate commanders Forrest, Wheeler, Van Dorn, and Morgan who were instrumental in leading the South to utilize mobile warfare techniques.
Worthy Park has archives covering much of its three-hundred year history. Using these records, the authors have written the first complete history of a West Indian sugar estate. However, this is not just the story of a single Jamaican plantation and its people over three hundred years; the study reveals, in microcosm, the social and economic development of the area.
Contemporary society has imposed a set of unrealistic and confusing rules for men over 18 to follow. With post-adolescent men experiencing lower rates of academic success at the post-secondary level and escalating rates of violence perpetrated by this age group, jobs, careers and life itself are in crisis. These men in transition have emotional, social, academic, and career struggles that affect every aspect of their lives. Masculinity in the Making: Managing the Transition to Manhood; therefore, will examine these issues and offer strategies and examples of what is possible for the post-adolescent male; more specifically, attention will be paid to theories and health issues specific to this population, social and cultural issues, academic and career interventions, aggression and violence, and media portrayals. The reader will be left with a deep and clear understanding of the needs of men as well as how mentoring and counseling can provide them with the support needed to be successful and productive members of society.
Often seen as a political sop to the racial fears of white voters, aggressive policing and draconian sentencing for illegal drug possession and related crimes have led to the imprisonment of millions of African Americans—far in excess of their representation in the population as a whole. Michael Javen Fortner shows in this eye-opening account that these punitive policies also enjoyed the support of many working-class and middle-class blacks, who were angry about decline and disorder in their communities. Black Silent Majority uncovers the role African Americans played in creating today’s system of mass incarceration. Current anti-drug policies are based on a set of controversial laws first adopted in New York in the early 1970s and championed by the state’s Republican governor, Nelson Rockefeller. Fortner traces how many blacks in New York came to believe that the rehabilitation-focused liberal policies of the 1960s had failed. Faced with economic malaise and rising rates of addiction and crime, they blamed addicts and pushers. By 1973, the outcry from grassroots activists and civic leaders in Harlem calling for drastic measures presented Rockefeller with a welcome opportunity to crack down on crime and boost his political career. New York became the first state to mandate long prison sentences for selling or possessing narcotics. Black Silent Majority lays bare the tangled roots of a pernicious system. America’s drug policies, while in part a manifestation of the conservative movement, are also a product of black America’s confrontation with crime and chaos in its own neighborhoods.
A fresh examination of Pickett’s Charge, drawing from numerous soldiers’ accounts—includes maps and illustrations. Both a scholarly and a revisionist interpretation of the most famous charge in American history, Into the Fight uses a wide array of sources, ranging from the monuments on the Gettysburg battlefield to the accounts of the participants themselves, to rewrite the conventional thinking about this unusually emotional, yet serious, moment in our Civil War. Starting with a fresh point of view, and with no axes to grind, Into the Fight challenges all interested in that stunning moment in history to rethink their assumptions. Praise for the work of John Michael Priest “[A] stirring narrative of the common soldier’s experiences on the southern end of the battlefield on the second day of fighting at Gettysburg.” —Civil War News “Priest’s distinctive style is rife with anecdotes, many drawn from obscure diaries and letters, artfully stitched together in an original manner.” —David G. Martin, author of The Shiloh Campaign
The Church of England in the 18th century is seen as failing its congregation in the industrialising areas; specific issues are set out. Was the Church of England an ailing or a healthy institution in the eighteenth century? Responding to the slings and arrows of its Victorian critics, ever since the publication in the 1930s of Norman Sykes' Church and State inEngland in the Eighteenth Century, modern scholarship has tended to stress the competence of the Church's leadership at a national and diocesan level and its importance and popularity for the nation at large. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have emerged which argue a strong case for the multi-faceted appeal of the Church of England at the local level. However, although this revisionist scholarship helps to underline the importance of religion for eighteenth-century English society, it fails to account for the haemorrhaging of support which the Church of England experienced in the first half of the nineteenth century. With reference to the situation in England's largest parish, this new study of the Church of England's fortunes in the eighteenth century demonstrates its long-term failure to retain the loyalty and affections of many men and women in the country's industrialising areas. In drawing attention to hitherto neglected issues such as the situation of the Church of England's non-graduate clergy and the failure of its ecclesiastical courts, it presents a post-revisionist case which challenges the existing academic consensus on the situation and success of this faltering institution. Dr M.F. SNAPE teaches in the Department of Theology at the University of Birmingham
In the early years of the twentieth century, a young man named Louie Gray wanders the country until he finds a place and a job that he loves. Then he marries his true love and experiences a paradigm shift. Along the way, when major problems that arise, he receives help from a strange and puzzling sourceone that will change his life and those of many of his descendants. Louies son, Jim, wonders if the hands of time can be changed to prevent murder, revenge, and intrigue. He and his friend Doc Hopper save the life of a loved one and work to influence others for the good of the country, but only time will tell whether they will succeed. In the future, their descendants live in a utopia ruled by the government. The system keeps the people complacent by providing them with education, jobs, food, shelter, and entertainment. Human imperfections and illness are a thing of the past. But are Patty Gray and Bill Hopper content with their present world, eager to live just as their parents didor are they ready for a paradigm shift? In this novel, the descendants of a family line, influenced by mysterious sources, seek to change their direction in the past and future in order to improve their lives and those of others.
British Diplomacy and Swedish Politics, 1758–1773 was first published in 1980. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. This book has three objectives; to shed light on the central issue in British foreign policy during a period inadequately explored by historians; to present, for the first time in English, an account of the dramatic last decade of Swedish "liberty" and its final overthrow by Gustavus III; and finally, to direct the attention of historians to the career of Sir John Goodricke—a diplomat whom Lor Rochford called "the best man we have abroad; you can trust him with anything—except money." These themes are in fact inextricably linked. For Great Britain, emerging from the Seven Years War victorious but isolated, needed to safeguard her trade with Russia and British statesmen felt that an Anglo-Russian alliance could best be achieved by first concluding a treaty with Sweden to which Russia would adhere. To achieve this aim, it was essential to break French influence in Stockholm, to oust the francophile Hats from power, and to install their anglophile rivals the Caps. Thus Swedish party politics, and the Swedish constitutions, unexpectedly became matters of great consequence in Whitehall. To win the necessary victory in Stockholm Britain needed a minister of peculiar talents and no little ability. Sir John Goodricke was such a minister. And the record of his exertions, and of his eventual failure, is necessary to any proper understanding of British policy in the postwar decade. This book is an important contribution to both British and Scandinavian history and, since it also illuminates the subject of European political relations in the eighteenth century, it will be welcomed by diplomatic historians and specialists in eighteenth-century studies as well. Michael Roberts tells his story with customary verve and grace, and effectively refutes any idea that diplomatic history need be dull.
This book is a unique look into God's hand in American history, viewed through the life of George Washington. The book reflects the providential view that Washington and other Founding Fathers had of the God of history (God of Abraham). The book attempts to document God's hand in Washington's life and the Revolutionary War using Washington's own words and detailing the numerous micarcles that led to the country's eventual independence and subsequent constitution. The book also explores the country's reason for existence, God's purpose in the founding of the United States, and what it portends for our future survival as a nation.
Democratic Vernaculars is a comprehensive, culturally inclusive, and thematically unified history of the communicative, audience-centered rhetorical vernacular that occupies the “middle range” of English, bounded on the one side by expressive structure (grammar and linguistics) and on the other by aesthetics (literature). Broadening the history of rhetoric by considering a vast collection of vernacular resources such as elementary grammars and readers, popular guidebooks, textbooks, and rhetorical treatises, this book advances the history of the rhetorical theory and pedagogy since the 17th century by examining ways in which diverse vectors of the rhetorical vernacular coalesced to produce an English language sufficiently idiomatic for practical social exchange while being, at the same time, suitable for higher literary, scholarly, and cultural pursuits. Democratic Vernaculars is essential reading for scholars in rhetoric and the histories of language and education, and can serve as a text for upper-division undergraduate and graduate courses in rhetoric.
In November 1944, the U.S. Navy fleet lay at anchor deep in the Pacific Ocean, when the oiler USS Mississinewa exploded. Japan’s secret weapon, the Kaiten—a manned suicide submarine—had succeeded in its first mission. The Kaiten was so secret that even Japanese naval commanders didn’t know of its existence. And the Americans kept it secret as well. Embarrassed by the attack, the U.S. Navy refused to salvage the sunken Mighty Miss. Not until 2001, when a diving team located the wreck, would survivors learn what really happened. In Kaiten, Michael Mair and Joy Waldron tell the full story, from newly revealed secrets of the Kaiten development and training schools to gripping firsthand accounts of U.S. Navy survivors in the wake of the attack, as well as the harrowing recovery efforts that came later. INCLUDES PHOTOGRAPHS
This book argues that mobility is the central theme of the interwar mode of design known today as Art Deco. It is present on the very surfaces of Art Deco objects and architecture – in iconography and general formal qualities (whether the zigzag rectilinear forms popular in the 1920s or curvilinear streamlining of the 1930s). By focussing on mobility as a means of tying the seemingly disparate qualities of Art Deco together, Michael Windover shows how the surface-level expressions correspond as well with underpinning systems of mobility, including those associated with migration, transportation, commodity exchange, capital, and communication. Journeying across the globe – from a skyscraper in Vancouver, B.C., to a department store in Los Angeles, and from super-cinemas in Bombay (Mumbai) to radio cabinets in Canadian living rooms – this richly illustrated book examines the reach of Art Deco as it affected public cultures. Windover’s innovative perspective exposes some of the socio-political consequences of this “mode of mobility” and offers some reasons as to how and why Art Deco was incorporated into everyday lifestyles around the world.
In this groundbreaking study, Michael Cosby uncovers the unknown history of the transformation of the Apostle Barnabas from a peacemaker to a warrior saint. Modern Cypriot beliefs about Barnabas diverge significantly from the New Testament depiction of the man as a leader involved in creative solutions to ethnic conflicts in the early church. Over the centuries, he morphed into a symbol of Greek Cypriot nationalism, bequeathing his power to the archbishop in Nicosia. This modern mythical St. Barnabas resulted from a complicated blend of religious and political maneuvering at key points in the history of Cyprus. Orthodox clergy made a consensus builder complicit in the ongoing strife between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. Cosby’s thought-provoking book challenges readers to ponder their own beliefs to sort through what is history and what is legend.
The American Promise is more teachable and memorable than any other U.S. survey text. The balanced narrative braids together political and social history so that students can discern overarching trends as well as individual stories. The voices of hundreds of Americans - from Presidents to pipe fitters, and sharecroppers to suffragettes - animate the past and make concepts memorable. The past comes alive for students through dynamic special features and a stunning and distinctive visual program. Over 775 contemporaneous illustrations - more than any competing text - draw students into the text, and more than 180 full - color maps increase students' geographic literacy. A rich array of special features complements the narrative offering more points of departure for assignments and discussion. Longstanding favorites include Documenting the American Promise, Historical Questions, The Promise of Technology, and Beyond American's Boders, representing a key part of a our effort to increase attention paid to the global context of American history.
This book represents an attempt to depict the late Roman and Byzantine monetary economy in its fullest possible social, economic and administrative context, with the aim of establishing the basic dynamics behind the production of the coinage, the major mechanisms affecting its distribution, and the general characteristics of its behaviour once in circulation. The book consists of four main sections, on economy and society, on finance, and on the circulation and production of coinage, and has made an unrivalled contribution in the field of late classical, Byzantine and medieval economic history. The text is fully supported by the extensive quotation of translated sources, and by maps, tables and plates.
The Fritz Haber Symposium on Methods of Laser Spectroscopy was held in Ein Bokek, Israel, on the shores of the Dead Sea, on December 16-20, 1985. The location is the lowest place on earth, 392 meters below sea level. It was hoped that 120 active laser scientists, so lowly trapped in such a place, with the nearest entertainment 100 km away, will have no choice but to discuss laser spectroscopy. On the average, the Dead Sea area receives 3-4 days of rain each year, and this year these days all occurred during the conference. This did not mean the cancellation of the hikes, although the trip to Massada was conducted in the rain. The unexpected rains also caused flash floods in the area, and Ein Bokek was completely cut-off on Thursday night. The archeologist scheduled to speak after dinner, and the belly dancer scheduled to appear afterwards, (~ould not arrive, resulting in the only serious deviation from the original plan. The scientific program consisted of invited talks and contributed posters. The emphasis in selection of invited speakers and topics was on the methods rather than specific molecular systems, and an attempt was made to allow ample time for discussion after each lecture. The same philosophy guided us in editing this book, and authors were requested to write manuscripts longer than usual for standard conference proceedings.
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