Sporadic Groups is the first step in a programme to provide a uniform, self-contained treatment of the foundational material on the sporadic finite simple groups. The classification of the finite simple groups is one of the premier achievements of modern mathematics. The classification demonstrates that each finite simple group is either a finite analogue of a simple Lie group or one of 26 pathological sporadic groups. Sporadic Groups provides for the first time a self-contained treatment of the foundations of the theory of sporadic groups accessible to mathematicians with a basic background in finite groups such as in the author's text Finite Group Theory. Introductory material useful for studying the sporadics, such as a discussion of large extraspecial 2-subgroups and Tits' coset geometries, opens the book. A construction of the Mathieu groups as the automorphism groups of Steiner systems follows. The Golay and Todd modules, and the 2-local geometry for M24 are discussed. This is followed by the standard construction of Conway of the Leech lattice and the Conway group. The Monster is constructed as the automorphism group of the Griess algebra using some of the best features of the approaches of Griess, Conway, and Tits, plus a few new wrinkles. Researchers in finite group theory will find this text invaluable. The subjects treated will interest combinatorists, number theorists, and conformal field theorists.
Help your students do their best on standardized tests in reading and math by familiarizing them with the skills, formats, and language they need to succeed. These practice tests are designed to look and read like state and national tests, such as the CTBS TerraNova, ITBS, MAT, TAAS, FACT, California's STAR Test, and more. Ready to reproduce, these practice tests are a great way to boost student confidence -- and make test prep easy for you. Book jacket.
In around 1980, G. Mason announced the classification of a subclass of an important class of finite simple groups known as 'quasithin groups'. In the main theorem of this two-part work the authors provide a proof of a stronger theorem classifying a larger class of groups independently of Mason's research.
Data mining and data modeling are hot topics and are under fast development. Because of their wide applications and rich research contents, many practitioners and academics are attracted to work in these areas. With a view to promoting communication and collaboration among the practitioners and researchers in Hong Kong, a workshop on data mining and modeling was held in June 2002. Prof Ngaiming Mok, Director of the Institute of Mathematical Research, The University of Hong Kong, and Prof Tze Leung Lai (Stanford University), C V Starr Professor of the University of Hong Kong, initiated the workshop. This book contains selected papers presented at the workshop. The papers fall into two main categories: data mining and data modeling. Data mining papers deal with pattern discovery, clustering algorithms, classification and practical applications in the stock market. Data modeling papers treat neural network models, time series models, statistical models and practical applications.
A detailed mathematical derivation of space curves is presented that links the diverse fields of superfluids, quantum mechanics, Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics, and Maxwell electromagnetism by a common foundation. The basic mathematical building block is called the theory of quantum torus knots (QTK).
Be sure your students test their best on standardized tests in reading and math by familiarizing them with the skills, formats, and language they need to succeed. These practice tests are designed to look and read like state and national tests, such as the TerraNova, ITBS, CTBS, MAT, and more. The 8 ready-to-reproduce practice tests are a great way to boost student confidence--and make test prep easy for you. For use with Grade 6.
Field Arithmetic explores Diophantine fields through their absolute Galois groups. This largely self-contained treatment starts with techniques from algebraic geometry, number theory, and profinite groups. Graduate students can effectively learn generalizations of finite field ideas. We use Haar measure on the absolute Galois group to replace counting arguments. New Chebotarev density variants interpret diophantine properties. Here we have the only complete treatment of Galois stratifications, used by Denef and Loeser, et al, to study Chow motives of Diophantine statements. Progress from the first edition starts by characterizing the finite-field like P(seudo)A(lgebraically)C(losed) fields. We once believed PAC fields were rare. Now we know they include valuable Galois extensions of the rationals that present its absolute Galois group through known groups. PAC fields have projective absolute Galois group. Those that are Hilbertian are characterized by this group being pro-free. These last decade results are tools for studying fields by their relation to those with projective absolute group. There are still mysterious problems to guide a new generation: Is the solvable closure of the rationals PAC; and do projective Hilbertian fields have pro-free absolute Galois group (includes Shafarevich's conjecture)?
Early in the development of number theory, it was noticed that the ring of integers has many properties in common with the ring of polynomials over a finite field. The first part of this book illustrates this relationship by presenting analogues of various theorems. The later chapters probe the analogy between global function fields and algebraic number fields. Topics include the ABC-conjecture, Brumer-Stark conjecture, and Drinfeld modules.
Biometrics, the science of using physical traits to identify individuals, is playing an increasing role in our security-conscious society and across the globe. Biometric authentication, or bioauthentication, systems are being used to secure everything from amusement parks to bank accounts to military installations. Yet developments in this field have not been matched by an equivalent improvement in the statistical methods for evaluating these systems. Compensating for this need, this unique text/reference provides a basic statistical methodology for practitioners and testers of bioauthentication devices, supplying a set of rigorous statistical methods for evaluating biometric authentication systems. This framework of methods can be extended and generalized for a wide range of applications and tests. This is the first single resource on statistical methods for estimation and comparison of the performance of biometric authentication systems. The book focuses on six common performance metrics: for each metric, statistical methods are derived for a single system that incorporates confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, sample size calculations, power calculations and prediction intervals. These methods are also extended to allow for the statistical comparison and evaluation of multiple systems for both independent and paired data. Topics and features: * Provides a statistical methodology for the most common biometric performance metrics: failure to enroll (FTE), failure to acquire (FTA), false non-match rate (FNMR), false match rate (FMR), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves * Presents methods for the comparison of two or more biometric performance metrics * Introduces a new bootstrap methodology for FMR and ROC curve estimation * Supplies more than 120 examples, using publicly available biometric data where possible * Discusses the addition of prediction intervals to the bioauthentication statistical toolset * Describes sample-size and power calculations for FTE, FTA, FNMR and FMR Researchers, managers and decisions makers needing to compare biometric systems across a variety of metrics will find within this reference an invaluable set of statistical tools. Written for an upper-level undergraduate or master’s level audience with a quantitative background, readers are also expected to have an understanding of the topics in a typical undergraduate statistics course. Dr. Michael E. Schuckers is Associate Professor of Statistics at St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, and a member of the Center for Identification Technology Research.
This new edition of Markov Chains: Models, Algorithms and Applications has been completely reformatted as a text, complete with end-of-chapter exercises, a new focus on management science, new applications of the models, and new examples with applications in financial risk management and modeling of financial data. This book consists of eight chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction to the classical theory on both discrete and continuous time Markov chains. The relationship between Markov chains of finite states and matrix theory will also be highlighted. Some classical iterative methods for solving linear systems will be introduced for finding the stationary distribution of a Markov chain. The chapter then covers the basic theories and algorithms for hidden Markov models (HMMs) and Markov decision processes (MDPs). Chapter 2 discusses the applications of continuous time Markov chains to model queueing systems and discrete time Markov chain for computing the PageRank, the ranking of websites on the Internet. Chapter 3 studies Markovian models for manufacturing and re-manufacturing systems and presents closed form solutions and fast numerical algorithms for solving the captured systems. In Chapter 4, the authors present a simple hidden Markov model (HMM) with fast numerical algorithms for estimating the model parameters. An application of the HMM for customer classification is also presented. Chapter 5 discusses Markov decision processes for customer lifetime values. Customer Lifetime Values (CLV) is an important concept and quantity in marketing management. The authors present an approach based on Markov decision processes for the calculation of CLV using real data. Chapter 6 considers higher-order Markov chain models, particularly a class of parsimonious higher-order Markov chain models. Efficient estimation methods for model parameters based on linear programming are presented. Contemporary research results on applications to demand predictions, inventory control and financial risk measurement are also presented. In Chapter 7, a class of parsimonious multivariate Markov models is introduced. Again, efficient estimation methods based on linear programming are presented. Applications to demand predictions, inventory control policy and modeling credit ratings data are discussed. Finally, Chapter 8 re-visits hidden Markov models, and the authors present a new class of hidden Markov models with efficient algorithms for estimating the model parameters. Applications to modeling interest rates, credit ratings and default data are discussed. This book is aimed at senior undergraduate students, postgraduate students, professionals, practitioners, and researchers in applied mathematics, computational science, operational research, management science and finance, who are interested in the formulation and computation of queueing networks, Markov chain models and related topics. Readers are expected to have some basic knowledge of probability theory, Markov processes and matrix theory.
Markov chains are a particularly powerful and widely used tool for analyzing a variety of stochastic (probabilistic) systems over time. This monograph will present a series of Markov models, starting from the basic models and then building up to higher-order models. Included in the higher-order discussions are multivariate models, higher-order multivariate models, and higher-order hidden models. In each case, the focus is on the important kinds of applications that can be made with the class of models being considered in the current chapter. Special attention is given to numerical algorithms that can efficiently solve the models. Therefore, Markov Chains: Models, Algorithms and Applications outlines recent developments of Markov chain models for modeling queueing sequences, Internet, re-manufacturing systems, reverse logistics, inventory systems, bio-informatics, DNA sequences, genetic networks, data mining, and many other practical systems.
This book is concerned with the role played by modules of infinite length when dealing with problems in the representation theory of groups and algebras, but also in topology and geometry; it shows the intriguing interplay between finite and infinite length modules. The volume presents the invited lectures of a conference devoted to 'Infinite Length Modules', held at Bielefeld in September 1998, which brought together experts from quite different schools in order to survey surprising relations between algebra, topology and geometry. Some additional reports have been included in order to establish a unified picture. The collection of articles, written by well-known experts from all parts of the world, is conceived as a sort of handbook which provides an easy access to the present state of knowledge and its aim is to stimulate further development.
Provides synthetic chemists with a method for rapid retrieval of information from the literature, listing material by reaction type rather than by author name or publication date. Each updated volume presents the latest synthetic methods for preparation of monofunctional and difunctional compounds. The organization is logical and easy to follow; sections are arranged according to the possible interconversions between the major functional groups. Enables synthetic chemists to keep abreast of recent developments and retrieve a specific piece of information quickly and easily.
This memoir begins a program to classify a large subclass of the class of simple saturated 2-fusion systems of component type. Such a classification would be of great interest in its own right, but in addition it should lead to a significant simplification of the proof of the theorem classifying the finite simple groups. Why should such a simplification be possible? Part of the answer lies in the fact that there are advantages to be gained by working with fusion systems rather than groups. In particular one can hope to avoid a proof of the B-Conjecture, a important but difficult result in finite group theory, established only with great effort.
GaAs devices and integrated circuits have emerged as leading contenders for ultra-high-speed applications. This book is intended to be a reference for a rapidly growing GaAs community of researchers and graduate students. It was written over several years and parts of it were used for courses on GaAs devices and integrated circuits and on heterojunction GaAs devices developed and taught at the University of Minnesota. Many people helped me in writing this book. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Professor Lester Eastman of Cornell University, whose ideas and thoughts inspired me and helped to determine the direction of my research work for many years. I also benefited from numerous discussions with his students and associates and from the very atmosphere of the pursuit of excellence which exists in his group. I would like to thank my former and present co-workers and colleagues-Drs. Levinstein and Gelmont of the A. F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology, Professor Melvin Shaw of Wayne State University, Dr. Kastalsky of Bell Communi cations, Professor Gary Robinson of Colorado State University, Professor Tony Valois, and Dr. Tim Drummond of Sandia Labs-for their contributions to our joint research and for valuable discussions. My special thanks to Professor Morko.;, for his help, his ideas, and the example set by his pioneering work. Since 1978 I have been working with engineers from Honeywell, Inc.-Drs.
This book is intended for specialists as well as students and graduate students in the field of artificial intelligence, robotics and information technology. It is will also appeal to a wide range of readers interested in expanding the functionality of artificial intelligence systems. One of the pressing problems of modern artificial intelligence systems is the development of integrated hybrid systems based on deep learning. Unfortunately, there is currently no universal methodology for developing topologies of hybrid neural networks (HNN) using deep learning. The development of such systems calls for the expansion of the use of neural networks (NS) for solving recognition, classification and optimization problems. As such, it is necessary to create a unified methodology for constructing HNN with a selection of models of artificial neurons that make up HNN, gradually increasing the complexity of their structure using hybrid learning algorithms.
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