Once again, The Hole In The Coral Wall Gang is up to their eyeballs in wild misadventure and incredible circumstance! The hundred-year-old Coiba Penal Colony off the coast of Panama is an island swarming with convicts, inside and outside the prison walls, and yet, by the strangest of fates, this extraordinary tropical isle possesses an ancient, incredibly valuable secret that could change the world. Kansas and Will along with their team, find themselves challenging this strange island while trying to dodge wild desperadatos, prison soldiers, and a crazed island commandant. If that weren't enough, there's the South Florida mafia, who also want what the team has discovered. Then there are the two hired crazies from the bizarre "Last Resort" chasing Will and Kansas because they failed to die in a timely fashion, and didn't pay their bill. Startling! Clever! And very funny in places. THIS IS ALSO A GREAT STAND ALONE READ
WINNER OF THE DEXTER PRIZE OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY Launched by the Third Reich in late 1944, the first ballistic missile, the V-2, fell on London, Paris, and Antwerp after covering nearly two hundred miles in five minutes. It was a stunning achievement, one that heralded a new age of ballistic missiles and space launch vehicles. Michael J. Neufeld gives the first comprehensive and accurate account of the story behind one of the greatest engineering feats of World War II. At a time when rockets were minor battlefield weapons, Germany ushered in a new form of warfare that would bequeath a long legacy of terror to the Cold War, as well as the means to go into space. Both the US and USSR's rocket programs had their origins in the Nazi state.
Food Wars is a heartening book which calls for a radical change in the way the world feeds itself. It offers a blueprint for a future where nobody goes to bed hungry.' Derek Cooper, founder presenter of the BBC's Food Programme 'An important book that should be read by everyone who cares about how the way food is produced affects our own health as well as that of the environment and our national economies.' Marion Nestle, author of Food Politics, and Paulette Goddard Professor of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University The emergence of global markets has a far-reaching impact on what we eat and on health, food security, social justice and quality of life. What matters now is not just what we eat, but how and where it has been produced, distributed and processed, and the assumptions upon which this production is based - a global politics of food and health. Food Wars argues that two conflicting paradigms (one developing food through integrating the 'life sciences', the other though 'ecology') are battling to replace the dominant industrial-productionist model of the 20th century, both grappling to attract investment, public support and policy legitimacy over the appropriate use of biology and food technologies.
This reference work defines more than 1,200 terms and concepts that have been found useful in past research and theory on the nonprofit sector. The entries reflect the importance of associations, citizen participation, philanthropy, voluntary action, nonprofit management, volunteer administration, leisure, and political activities of nonprofits. They also reflect a concern for the wider range of useful general concepts in theory and research that bear on the nonprofit sector and its manifestations in the United States and elsewhere. This dictionary supplies some of the necessary foundational work on the road toward a general theory of the nonprofit sector.
From Rodney King and “driving while black” to claims of targeting of undocumented Latino immigrants, relationships surrounding race, ethnicity, and the police have faced great challenge. Race, Ethnicity, and Policing includes both classic pieces and original essays that provide the reader with a comprehensive, even-handed sense of the theoretical underpinnings, methodological challenges, and existing research necessary to understand the problems associated with racial and ethnic profiling and police bias. This path-breaking volume affords a holistic approach to the topic, guiding readers through the complexity of these issues, making clear the ecological and political contexts that surround them, and laying the groundwork for future discussions. The seminal and forward-thinking twenty-two essays clearly illustrate that equitable treatment of citizens across racial and ethnic groups by police is one of the most critical components of a successful democracy, and that it is only when agents of social control are viewed as efficient, effective, and legitimate that citizens will comply with the laws that govern their society. The book includes an introduction by Robin S. Engel and contributions from leading scholars including Jeffrey A. Fagan, James J. Fyfe, Bernard E. Harcourt, Delores Jones-Brown, Ramiro Martínez, Jr., Karen F. Parker, Alex R. Piquero, Tom R. Tyler, Jerome H. Skolnick, Ronald Weitzer, and many others.
Justice, Crime, and Ethics, a leading textbook in criminal justice programs, examines ethical dilemmas pertaining to the administration of criminal justice and professional activities in the field. This 11th edition continues to deliver a broad scope of topics, focusing on law enforcement, legal practice, sentencing, corrections, research, crime control policy, and philosophical issues. The book’s robust coverage encompasses contentious issues such as capital punishment, prison corruption, and the use of deception in police interrogation. The 11th edition includes new material on the impact of social media on crime myths and political misconduct. Law enforcement issues including the George Floyd case and responding to domestic as well as foreign terrorism, including the January 6th insurrection in Washington, DC, are examined. The potential ethical implications of Roe v. Wade being overturned by the Supreme Court are also explored. Emerging issues in corporate misconduct are also discussed including healthcare fraud and corruption as well as crypto-currency fraud. Students of criminal justice, as well as instructors and professionals in the field, continue to rely on this thorough, dependable resource on ethical decision making in the criminal justice system.
In subvolume 27C1 magnetic and related properties of binary lanthanide oxides have been compiled. This subvolume covers data obtained since 1980 and can therefore be regarded as supplement to volume III/12c. While in the previous volume the majority of magnetic data was obtained either from magnetometric measurements or from neutron diffraction, for the present data the main emphasis is devoted to 'related' properties without which, however, the understanding of classical magnetic properties is impossible. A second part 27C2 will deal with binary oxides of the actinide elements.
Despite great effort and some improvements, criminal justice today still seems like an oxymoron. There are some very good reasons for this feeling: catastrophic failures abound and marginal improvements appear revolutionary. This book addresses the idea of justice in order to guide society toward a more effective justice system. Specifically, the authors argue that justice and love are one and the same thing. They trace impoverished and accomplished thinking in criminological and justice discourses and show that the historic ills that have plagued humanity tend to evaporate when justice and love are understood to be synonyms.
Narrative explores a range of written, spoken, literary and non-literary narratives. It shows what systematic attention to language can reveal about the narratives themselves, their tellers, and those to whom they are addressed. Topics examined include plot structure, time manipulations, point of view, oral narratives and children's stories. This classic text has been substantially rewritten to incorporate recent developments in theory and new technologies, and to make it more usable as a course book. New materials include sections on film, surprise and suspense, and online news stories. The section on children's narratives has been updated, and the discussion of newspaper stories incorporates contemporary examples. There are new exercises which relate closely to the chapter content and new sections on further reading.
Build your own intelligent agent system... Intelligent agent technology is a tool of modern computer science that can be used to engineer complex computer programmes that behave rationally in dynamic and changing environments. Applications range from small programmes that intelligently search the Web buying and selling goods via electronic commerce, to autonomous space probes. This powerful technology is not widely used, however, as developing intelligent agent software requires high levels of training and skill. The authors of this book have developed and tested a methodology and tools for developing intelligent agent systems. With this methodology (Prometheus) developers can start agent-oriented designs and implementations easily from scratch saving valuable time and resources. Developing Intelligent Agent Systems not only answers the questions “what are agents?” and “why are they useful?” but also the crucial question: “how do I design and build intelligent agent systems?” The book covers everything a practitioner needs to know to begin to effectively use this technology - including an introduction to the notion of agents, a description of the concepts involved, and a software engineering methodology. Read on for: a practical step-by-step introduction to designing and building intelligent agent systems. a full life-cycle methodology for developing intelligent agent systems covering specification, analysis, design and implementation of agents. PDT: Prometheus Design Tool – software support for the Prometheus design process. the example of an electronic bookstore to illustrate the design process throughout the book. Electronic resources including the Prometheus Design Tool (PDT), can be found at: http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/agents/prometheus This book is aimed at industrial software developers, software engineers and at advanced undergraduate students. It assumes knowledge of basic software engineering but does not require knowledge of Artificial Intelligence or of mathematics. Familiarity with Java will help in reading the examples in chapter 10.
Review questions; Recommended readings; 3. America's Penal Past; Introduction; Colonial America; Methods of punishment; William Penn and the Great Law; Analyzing punishment in colonial America; Prisons in the nation's early years; Newgate Prison, Connecticut: subterranean incarceration and political imprisonment; The Walnut Street Jail: penal reform and the quest for state power; Newgate Prison, New York City; The Jacksonian era; Reconceptualizing crime as a social problem; The Pennsylvania and Auburn systems of prison discipline; Elam Lynds: warden of Auburn and Sing Sing.
Winner, 2024 Distinguished Book Award, Sociology of Law Section, American Sociological Association Winner, 2024 Outstanding Book Award, Division of Policing, American Society of Criminology Policing is violent. And its violence is not distributed equally: stark racial disparities persist despite decades of efforts to address them. Amid public outcry and an ongoing crisis of police legitimacy, there is pressing need to understand not only how police perceive and use violence but also why. With unprecedented access to three police departments and drawing on more than 100 interviews and 1,000 hours on patrol, The Danger Imperative provides vital insight into how police culture shapes officers’ perception and practice of violence. From the front seat of a patrol car, it shows how the institution of policing reinforces a cultural preoccupation with violence through academy training, departmental routines, powerful symbols, and officers’ street-level behavior. This violence-centric culture makes no explicit mention of race, relying on the colorblind language of “threat” and “officer safety.” Nonetheless, existing patterns of systemic disadvantage funnel police hyperfocused on survival into poor minority neighborhoods. Without requiring individual bigotry, this combination of social structure, culture, and behavior perpetuates enduring inequalities in police violence. A trailblazing, on-the-ground account of modern policing, this book shows that violence is the logical consequence of an institutional culture that privileges officer survival over public safety.
In this system, you can’t trust anybody. Like, even on the streets, I’ve never trusted my own brother. But now, in Ni-Miikana, I’m starting to get that trust back. You just gotta be careful what you say in here, and you’ll be all right. Despite falling crime rates, more rights for inmates, and better training for correctional officers, Canada’s prison population is on the rise, and outbreaks of violence continue to grab headlines. Applying Erving Goffman’s frame theory and drawing on interviews with inmates and correctional officers in federal and provincial institutions, Michael Weinrath assesses whether improvements over the past twenty-five years have truly led to “better corrections.” Behind the Walls offers an unprecedented look at life in contemporary prisons. Inmates and staff describe their transition to prison life and corrections work, and they explain how they frame or understand their roles and how they relate to others. They provide commentaries on key developments and problems, including the experiences of female correctional officers in male prisons, boundary violations by correctional officers, the introduction of behavioural programs, and the rise of prison gangs. Weinrath’s balanced assessment reveals that although prisons have seen improvements, they continue to be plagued by problems that prevent inmates from forging positive relationships among themselves and with correctional officers.
Drugs, bribes, falsifying evidence, unjustified force and kickbacks: there are many opportunities for cops to act like criminals. Jammed Up is the definitive study of the nature and causes of police misconduct. While police departments are notoriously protective of their own—especially personnel and disciplinary information—Michael White and Robert Kane gained unprecedented, complete access to the confidential files of NYPD officers who committed serious offenses, examining the cases of more than 1,500 NYPD officers over a twenty year period that includes a fairly complete cycle of scandal and reform, in the largest, most visible police department in the United States. They explore both the factors that predict officer misconduct, and the police department’s responses to that misconduct, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the issues. The conclusions they draw are important not just for what they can tell us about the NYPD but for how we are to understand the very nature of police misconduct. ACTUAL MISCONDUCT CASES »» An off-duty officer driving his private vehicle stops at a convenience store on Long Island, after having just worked a 10 hour shift in Brooklyn, to steal a six pack of beer at gun point. Is this police misconduct? »» A police officer is disciplined no less than six times in three years for failing to comply with administrative standards and is finally dismissed from employment for losing his NYPD shield (badge). Is this police misconduct? »» An officer was fired for abusing his sick time, but then further investigation showed that the officer was found not guilty in a criminal trial during which he was accused of using his position as a police officer to protect drug and prostitution enterprises. Which is the example of police misconduct?
Effective police organizations are run with sound leadership and management strategies that take into account the myriad of challenges that confront today‘s law enforcement professionals. Principles of Leadership and Management in Law Enforcement is a comprehensive and accessible textbook exploring critical issues of leadership within police agenci
Approaches white-collar crime from a coherent theoretical perspective, critiquing the roles of socioeconomic class, gender, ethnicity, and race, and analyzing the latest case studies from around the world, like the new forms of fraud emerging in the wake of the COVID pandemic Addresses the growing social problem of crimes of the powerful with full intersectionality, broadening this textbook's appeal to the race and ethnic studies audience A leading competitor in the white-collar crime textbook market due to its rigor and timeliness
Errata, detected in Taylor's Logarithms. London: 4to, 1792. [sic] 14.18.3 6 Kk Co-sine of 3398 3298 - Nautical Almanac (1832) In the list of ERRATA detected in Taylor's Logarithms, for cos. 4° 18'3", read cos. 14° 18'2". - Nautical Almanac (1833) ERRATUM ofthe ERRATUM ofthe ERRATA of TAYLOR'S Logarithms. For cos. 4° 18'3", read cos. 14° 18' 3". - Nautical Almanac (1836) In the 1820s, an Englishman named Charles Babbage designed and partly built a calculating machine originally intended for use in deriving and printing logarithmic and other tables used in the shipping industry. At that time, such tables were often inaccurate, copied carelessly, and had been instrumental in causing a number of maritime disasters. Babbage's machine, called a 'Difference Engine' because it performed its cal culations using the principle of partial differences, was intended to substantially reduce the number of errors made by humans calculating the tables. Babbage had also designed (but never built) a forerunner of the modern printer, which would also reduce the number of errors admitted during the transcription of the results. Nowadays, a system implemented to perform the function of Babbage's engine would be classed as safety-critical. That is, the failure of the system to produce correct results could result in the loss of human life, mass destruction of property (in the form of ships and cargo) as well as financial losses and loss of competitive advantage for the shipping firm.
The idea of this book grew out of a symposium that was held at Stony Brook in September 2012 in celebration of David S.Warren's fundamental contributions to Computer Science and the area of Logic Programming in particular. Logic Programming (LP) is at the nexus of Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence, Mathematical Logic, Databases, and Programming Languages. It is fascinating and intellectually stimulating due to the fundamental interplay among theory, systems, and applications brought about by logic. Logic programs are more declarative in the sense that they strive to be logical specifications of "what" to do rather than "how" to do it, and thus they are high-level and easier to understand and maintain. Yet, without being given an actual algorithm, LP systems implement the logical specifications automatically. Several books cover the basics of LP but focus mostly on the Prolog language with its incomplete control strategy and non-logical features. At the same time, there is generally a lack of accessible yet comprehensive collections of articles covering the key aspects in declarative LP. These aspects include, among others, well-founded vs. stable model semantics for negation, constraints, object-oriented LP, updates, probabilistic LP, and evaluation methods, including top-down vs. bottom-up, and tabling. For systems, the situation is even less satisfactory, lacking accessible literature that can help train the new crop of developers, practitioners, and researchers. There are a few guides onWarren’s Abstract Machine (WAM), which underlies most implementations of Prolog, but very little exists on what is needed for constructing a state-of-the-art declarative LP inference engine. Contrast this with the literature on, say, Compilers, where one can first study a book on the general principles and algorithms and then dive in the particulars of a specific compiler. Such resources greatly facilitate the ability to start making meaningful contributions quickly. There is also a dearth of articles about systems that support truly declarative languages, especially those that tie into first-order logic, mathematical programming, and constraint solving. LP helps solve challenging problems in a wide range of application areas, but in-depth analysis of their connection with LP language abstractions and LP implementation methods is lacking. Also, rare are surveys of challenging application areas of LP, such as Bioinformatics, Natural Language Processing, Verification, and Planning. The goal of this book is to help fill in the previously mentioned void in the LP literature. It offers a number of overviews on key aspects of LP that are suitable for researchers and practitioners as well as graduate students. The following chapters in theory, systems, and applications of LP are included.
In a component-based approach for system design, one of the challenging problems is the way to prove the correctness of the created components. Usually, the constituent components are supposed to be correct — possessing the desirable properties and free from undesirable ones. However, the operators may destroy these properties or create new ones, resulting in an undesirable new component. Hence, every created component has to go through a new process of verification, involving a tremendous amount of effort.This book presents a component -based methodology for the creation and verification of design specifications. The methodology is formally presented as an algebra called Property-Preserving Petri Net Process Algebra (PPPA). PPPA includes five classes of operators, and the authors show that every operator of PPPA can preserve a large number of basic system properties. Therefore, if the initial set of primitive components satisfies some of these properties, the created components will also “automatically” satisfy them without the need for further verification — thus greatly saving verification efforts.
Semantics of Parallelism is the only book which provides a unified treatment of the non-interleaving approach to process semantics (as opposed to the interleaving approach of the process algebraists). Many results found in this book are collected for the first time outside conference and journal articles on the mathematics of non-interleaving semantics. It gives the reader a unified view of various attempts to model parallelism within one conceptual frame work. It is aimed at postgraduates in theoretical computer science and academics who are teaching and researching in the modelling of discrete, concurrent/distributed systems. Workers in the information technology industry who are interested in available theoretical studies on parallelism will also be interested in this book.
The thrilling, long-awaited return of the #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Revenant Winner of the 2022 Spur Award for Best Western Historical Novel Winner of the 2021 David. J. Langum, Sr. Prize in American Historical Fiction 2021 Montana Book Award Honoree In 1866, with the country barely recovered from the Civil War, new war breaks out on the western frontier—a clash of cultures between the Native tribes who have lived on the land for centuries and a young, ambitious nation. Colonel Henry Carrington arrives in Wyoming’s Powder River Valley to lead the US Army in defending the opening of a new road for gold miners and settlers. Carrington intends to build a fort in the middle of critical hunting grounds, the home of the Lakota. Red Cloud, one of the Lakota’s most respected chiefs, and Crazy Horse, a young but visionary warrior, understand full well the implications of this invasion. For the Lakota, the stakes are their home, their culture, their lives. As fall bleeds into winter, Crazy Horse leads a small war party that confronts Colonel Carrington’s soldiers with near constant attacks. Red Cloud, meanwhile, wants to build the tribal alliances that he knows will be necessary to defeat the soldiers. Colonel Carrington seeks to hold together a US Army beset with internal discord. Carrington’s officers are skeptical of their commander’s strategy, none more so than Lieutenant George Washington Grummond, who longs to fight a foe he dismisses as inferior in all ways. The rank-and-file soldiers, meanwhile, are still divided by the residue of civil war, and tempted to desertion by the nearby goldfields. Throughout this taut saga—based on real people and events—Michael Punke brings the same immersive, vivid storytelling and historical insight that made his breakthrough debut so memorable. As Ridgeline builds to its epic conclusion, it grapples with essential questions of conquest and justice that still echo today.
In der E-Learning-Domäne bilden sowohl die Lernressourcen, Lehrende und Lernende als auch die stattfindenden Lernprozesse in ihrer Gesamtheit Lernökosysteme. Diese Dissertation untersucht die Modellierung von Lernökosystemen zur Unterstützung ihrer Aggregation und Wiederverwendung. Zur Erreichung dieses Ziels müssen Modelle von Lernökosystemen die Aggregierbarkeit, Austauschbarkeit, Interoperabilität und granulare Wiederverwendbarkeit ihrer Daten unterstützen. Auf Basis durchgeführter Nutzerstudien werden Konzepte digitaler Modelle von Lernökosystemen, sogenannte LOOCs (Linked Open Online Courses), entwickelt. Dabei werden insbesondere Technologien des Semantic Webs sowie Linked-Data-Konzepte betrachtet. Die entwickelten ontologischen Modelle bilden die Basis für mehrere E-Learning-Applikationen, welche die Tragfähigkeit der Konzepte sowie eine hohe Nutzerakzeptanz zeigen. Ferner wird ein formales Interpretermodell für CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning) Scripts zur Beschreibung von Lernprozessen, welches mit Hilfe von Abstract State Machines spezifiziert wurde, vorgestellt. In the e-learning domain, the learning resources, teachers and learners and the active learning processes in their entirety construct the learning ecosystems. This thesis examines the modelling of learning ecosystems to support their aggregation and reuse. To achieve this goal, learning ecosystem models must support aggregation, compatibility, interoperability and granular re-usability of their data. Through user studies, digital model concepts of learning ecosystems, i.e. so-called LOOCs (linked open online courses), were developed. In particular, Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data concepts are considered within the context. The developed ontological models form the basis for a number of e-learning applications that show the viability of the concepts as well as a high user acceptance. Further, a formal interpreter model for CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning) Scripts for the description of learning processes specified by using Abstract State Machines is presented.
A comprehensive introduction to automata theory that uses the novel approach of viewing automata as data structures. This textbook presents automata theory from a fresh viewpoint inspired by its main modern application, program verification, where automata are viewed as data structures for the algorithmic manipulation of sets and relations. This novel “automata as data structures” paradigm makes holistic connections between automata theory and other areas of computer science not covered in traditional texts, linking the study of algorithms and data structures with that of the theory of formal languages and computability. Esparza and Blondin provide incisive overviews of core concepts along with illustrated examples and exercises that facilitate quick comprehension of rigorous material. Uses novel “automata as data structures” approach Algorithm approach ideal for programmers looking to broaden their skill set and researchers in automata theory and formal verification The first introduction to automata on infinite words that does not assume prior knowledge of finite automata Suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students Thorough, engaging presentation of concepts balances description, examples, and theoretical results Extensive illustrations, exercises, and solutions deepen comprehension
This text presents foundations of correctional intervention, including overviews of the major systems of therapeutic intervention, diagnosis of mental illness, and correctional assessment and classification. Its detailed descriptions and cross-approach comparisons can help professionals better determine which of several techniques might be especially useful in their particular setting. Includes key concepts and terms as well as discussion questions.
Experience a place the way the locals do. Enjoy the best it has to offer. Frommer's. The best trips start here. Insider tips on getting the best out of Buenos Aires' outstanding shopping, restaurants, nightlife & tango halls. Outspoken opinions on what's worth your time and what's not. Exact prices, so you can plan the perfect trip whatever your budget. Off-the-beaten-path experiences and undiscovered gems, plus new takes on top attractions. Find great deals and book your trip at Frommers.com Listen to a free Frommers.com podcast about Buenos Aires featuring author Michael Luongo
2021 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine The first expert and comprehensive analysis of the surprising impact of body-worn cameras Following the tragic deaths of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, and others at the hands of police, interest in body-worn cameras for local, state, and federal law enforcement has skyrocketed. In Cops, Cameras, and Crisis, Michael D. White and Aili Malm provide an up-to-date analysis of this promising technology, evaluating whether it can address today’s crisis in police legitimacy. Drawing on the latest research and insights from experts with field experience with police-worn body cameras, White and Malm show the benefits and drawbacks of this technology for police departments, police officers, and members of the public. Ultimately, they identify—and assess—each claim, weighing in on whether the specter of being “caught on tape” is capable of changing a criminal justice system desperately in need of reform. Cops, Cameras, and Crisis is a must-read for policymakers, police leaders, and activists interested in twenty-first-century policing.
Winner, 2019 Outstanding Book Award, given by the American Society of Criminology’s Division of Policing Section The first in-depth history and analysis of a much-abused policing policy No policing tactic has been more controversial than “stop and frisk,” whereby police officers stop, question and frisk ordinary citizens, who they may view as potential suspects, on the streets. As Michael White and Hank Fradella show in Stop and Frisk, the first authoritative history and analysis of this tactic, there is a disconnect between our everyday understanding and the historical and legal foundations for this policing strategy. First ruled constitutional in 1968, stop and frisk would go on to become a central tactic of modern day policing, particularly by the New York City Police Department. By 2011 the NYPD recorded 685,000 ‘stop-question-and-frisk’ interactions with citizens; yet, in 2013, a landmark decision ruled that the police had over- and mis-used this tactic. Stop and Frisk tells the story of how and why this happened, and offers ways that police departments can better serve their citizens. They also offer a convincing argument that stop and frisk did not contribute as greatly to the drop in New York’s crime rates as many proponents, like former NYPD Police Commissioner Ray Kelly and Mayor Michael Bloomberg, have argued. While much of the book focuses on the NYPD’s use of stop and frisk, examples are also shown from police departments around the country, including Philadelphia, Baltimore, Chicago, Newark and Detroit. White and Fradella argue that not only does stop and frisk have a legal place in 21st-century policing but also that it can be judiciously used to help deter crime in a way that respects the rights and needs of citizens. They also offer insight into the history of racial injustice that has all too often been a feature of American policing’s history and propose concrete strategies that every police department can follow to improve the way they police. A hard-hitting yet nuanced analysis, Stop and Frisk shows how the tactic can be a just act of policing and, in turn, shows how to police in the best interest of citizens.
Knowledge-Driven Work is a pioneering study of the cross-cultural iffusion of ideas about the organization of work. These ideas, linked with the knowledge of the workforce, are rapidly becoming the primary source of competitive advantage in the world economy. The book provides an in-depth look at eight Japanese-affiliated manufacturing facilities operating in the United States, combined with examinations of their sister facilities in Japan. The authors offer their insights into the complex process by which elements of work systems in one country interact with those in another. They trace the flow of ideas from Japan to the US and other nations, and the beginnings of a reverse diffusion of innovation back to Japan. The authors organize their findings into six categories: the cross-cultural diffusion of work practices, team-based work systems, kaizen and employee involvement, employment security, human resource management, and labor-management relations. Their study of team-based work systems yields a taxonomy of teams and reveals some conflicts between the desire for self-management and the existence of interdependencies. Investigations into kaizen (ongoing incremental improvement) indicate that its emphasis on employee-driven, systematic problem solving makes it a strong counterpoint to the idea of top-down "re-engineering." Looking at employment security, the authors note that while most US managers believe that it restrains managerial flexibility, managers at the firms they observed see it as essential to the flexibility associated with teamwork and kaizen. The study of human resource management practices suggests competitive advantages in diverse, older, unionized, and urban work forces, and emphasizes the importance of wide-ranging training programs in a work system premised on a long-term perspective. The "wildcard" in the work places observed is labor-management relations, the area in which Japanese managers have been least likely to import their ideas. The authors report on several situations in which existing labor-management structures remained untouched, with mixed results: greater labor-management consultation, for example, but also increased ambiguity of roles. The thread running through all of these areas of work is "virtual knowledge," an ephemeral form of knowledge derived from a particular combination of people focused on a given issue. The authors point out that this powerful form of knowledge is only effectively harnessed in environments that are free of fear, that have established procedures for collective problem-solving, and that have some stability in group composition. They claim that too often companies allow virtual knowledge to dissipate, squandering opportunities to create more competitive workplaces. For those organizations that have succeeded in anticipating and channeling it, however, virtual knowledge leads to a knowledge-driven workplace and continuous improvement.
This book offers an historical and contemporary analysis of policing and police-citizen relations in Nigeria, to understand why people co-operate (or don’t) with the police. It examines police legitimacy and the validity of procedural justice theory in a post-colonial African context where corruption, brutality and lack of accountability are not uncommon, to find more refined and alternative answers to the question of why people co-operate (or don’t) with the police. The history of policing in Nigeria is explored first and then procedural justice theory is tested through an extensive, cross-sectional survey of the public. One of the core findings is that citizens’ co-operation with the police is driven less by legitimacy but more by effectiveness considerations and “dull compulsion”, a concept akin to legal cynicism. This study represents one of the first attempts to test and understand “dull compulsion” and its relevance in this context. Overall, it develops the field by illustrating that that there are significant variations between contexts when addressing the influence of perceived procedural justice policing on perceptions of police legitimacy, and it explains the implications for policy makers.
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