Knowing that the so-called voiced and voiceless stops in languages like English and German do not always literally differ in voicing, several linguists — among them Roman Jakobson — have proposed that dichotomies such as fortis/lenis or tense/lax might be more suitable to capture the invariant phonetic core of this distinction. Later it became the dominant view that voice onset time or laryngeal features are more reasonable alternatives. However, based on a number of facts and arguments from current phonetics and phonology this book claims that the Jakobsonian feature tense was rejected prematurely. Among the theoretical aspects addressed, it is argued that an acoustic definition of distinctive features best captures the functional aspects of speech communication, while it is also discussed how the conclusions are relevant for formal accounts, such as feature geometry. The invariant of tense is proposed to be durational, and its ‘basic correlate’ is proposed to be aspiration duration. It is shown that tense and voice differ in their invariant properties and basic correlates, but that they share a number of other correlates, including F0 onset and closure duration. In their stop systems languages constitute a typology between the selection of voice and tense, but in their fricative systems languages universally tend towards a syncretism involving voicing and tenseness together. Though the proposals made here are intended to have general validity, the emphasis is on German. As part of this focus, an acoustic study and a transillumination study of the realization of /p,t,k,f,s/ vs. /b,d,g,v,z/ in German are presented.
The literature on strategy in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is fairly limited despite their great innovative talents. This book provides the reader with a thorough insight into six companies and their prerequisites for creating growth. Strategy Execution focuses on a varied picture of Scandinavian SMEs, and illustrates how this group of companies can contribute with new ways of managerial thinking and progress in the business community. It presents the best practice framework for strategic management.
This revised and updated edition of a basic sourcebook and practice guide in EU competition law retains the first edition’s significantly broader perspective on EU competition law than most books in the field. It explains not only the traditional areas of competition law but also aspects of competition law that are of particular importance to practitioners. With its comprehensive overview of relevant provisions related to competition, among others, the authors shed clear light on the following topics and the interplay between these different areas of competition law: the prohibition of agreements which restrict competition; the prohibition of abuse of dominant position; the rules on merger control; the prohibition of State aid; the liberalised sectors such as energy supply, transport, postal services, and telecommunications; and the rules on public procurement. The chapters integrate an extensive number of sources, including new acts, new decisions and judgments, and new Commission guidelines, that help guide the interpretation of the underlying Treaty provisions. With its enhanced view of EU competition policy, regulation, and enforcement and its emphasAis on specific industry sectors, this book offers an unusually thorough view of aspects of competition law which play an essential role in regulating the conduct of undertakings and public authorities in the market. This new edition will continue to be of special value to any lawyer, policymaker, or scholar active in European competition law.
Competition law in the EU includes a wide range of topics and has developed into a very comprehensive area of regulation. This book covers the broader perspective of competition law, giving an overview of a very complex domain of EU law. Through all relevant sources of primary and secondary EU law the book presents the intricacies of the present competition framework for businesses and public entities. It draws the lines between the different areas, and between competition law and the internal market project. The book covers all aspects of traditional EU competition law, as well as issues not formally regulated in the TFEU section on competition rules - the competition issues of the liberalised sectors and public procurement. Among the matters covered are the following: the substantive rules on Articles 101 and 102 TFEU; the enforcement rules of these provisions; merger control; the liberalised sectors, with focus on energy, transport, postal services and telecommunication; state aid; public undertakings; and public procurement. With its enhanced view of EU competition policy, regulation, and enforcement, and its emphasis on specific industry sectors, this book offers an unusually thorough view of aspects of competition law which play an essential role in regulating the conduct of undertakings and public authorities in the market. It will be of special value to any lawyer, policymaker, or scholar active in European competition law.
The Price of Greed is the first volume in a series of Danish novels concerning Danish detective Daniel Dreyer. Each title in the series is centered on one of the Seven Deadly Sins.
This work provides scholars and policy makers with a better understanding of the conditions under which international organizations make meaningful efforts to cooperate and offers important insights into inter-organizational partnerships on the international stage.
Encyclopedic presentation of the clinical applications of biomaterials from markets and advanced concepts to pharmaceutical applications and blood compatibility.
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