All chemical reactions are inherently random discrete events; while large numbers of reacting species in well-stirred vessels my appear to be governed by deterministic expressions, the biochemistry at the heart of the living cell—which may involve only a single copy of a gene or only a handfull of proteins—can exhibit significant fluctuations from mean behavior. Here we describe the Lattice Microbes software for the stochastic simulation of biochemical reaction networks within realistic models of cells, and explore its application to two model systems. The first is the lac genetic switch, which illustrates how stochastic gene expression can drive identical cells in macroscopically identical environments toward very different cell fates, and the second is the MinDE system, whose oscillatory behavior along the length of the E. coli cell illustrates the necessity of detailed spatial resolution in accurately modeling cellular biochemistry. We conclude by describing the use of a hybrid methodology that couples the Lattice Microbes’ reaction-diffusion modeling capability with a genome-scale flux-balance model of metabolism in order to describe the collective metabolism of a dense colony of cells.
Not only academic educationalists interested in the history of the curriculum, but teachers - from primary schools to University, will find this book of compelling interest.
J. Howard Wert's Lost History of the 209Th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 1864-1865, Including the Defense of Bermuda Hundred, the Battle of Fort Stedman and the Storming of Petersburg with Additional Documents
J. Howard Wert's Lost History of the 209Th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 1864-1865, Including the Defense of Bermuda Hundred, the Battle of Fort Stedman and the Storming of Petersburg with Additional Documents
Glorious Recollections: J. Howard Wert's Lost History of the 209th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 1864-1865, including the Battles of Bermuda Hundred, Fort Stedman, and Petersburg is a Civil War regimental history originally written in 1894. It was not published at the time and has now been edited and supplemented for today's readers. Wert's text is both a detailed history and a devoted memoir. It describes his regiment's actions in the closing months of the war, particularly its participation in the battles of Bermuda Hundred, Fort Stedman, and Petersburg, and, after the war, its marching in the Grand Review. On the same pages, Wert also shows Civil War memory and veteran pride taking shape. The editors have supplemented Wert's manuscript with introductory and interpretive essays, personal documents from the soldiers, reminiscences from unit reunions, a biographical sketch of its commander, a collective portrait of one of its companies, and the rosters of the entire regiment. The publication of this regimental history, previously unknown, adds to our understanding of Pennsylvania soldiers serving late in the war. Many of them had prior service while others were enlisting for the first time, such as Wert himself. This history also deepens our understanding of J. Howard Wert, one of Pennsylvania's most productive historians, novelists, poets and educators in the late 19th century. His account of a notorious Harrisburg neighborhood, the "Old Eighth Ward," has been republished recently; his "lost world" science fiction novel, Alecto and Ebony, is being prepared for publication; his Civil War poetry has been well-known for over a century; his collection of Battle of Gettysburg artifacts is world famous; and with this book his accomplishment as a military historian comes to light.
The fourth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biologic underpinnings of complex cognition - the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. The material in this edition is entirely new, with all chapters written specifically for it." --Book Jacket.
Many studies of the neural bases of language processes are now conducted with functional and structural neuroimaging. Research is often compromised because of difficulties in identifying the core structures in the face of the complex morphology of these regions of the brain. Although there are many books on the cognitive aspects of language and also on neurolinguistics and aphasiology, Neuroanatomy of Language Regions of the Human Brain is the first anatomical atlas that focuses on the core regions of the cerebral cortex involved in language processing. This atlas is a richly illustrated guide for scientists interested in the gross morphology of the sulci and gyri of the core language regions, in the cytoarchitecture of the relevant cortical areas, and in the connectivity of these areas. Data from diffusion MRI and resting-state connectivity are integrated iwth critical experimental anatomical data about homologous areas in the macaque monkey to provide the latest information on the connectivity of the language-relevant cortical areas of the brain. Although the anatomical connectivity data from studies on the macaque monkey provide the most detailed information, they are often neglected because of difficulties in interpreting the terminology used and in making the monkey-to-human comparison. This atlas helps investigators interpret this important source of information. Neuroanatomy of Language Regions of the Human Brain will assist investigators of the neural bases of language in increasing the anatomical sophistication of their research adn in evaluating studies of language and the brain. - Abundantly illustrated with photographs, 3-D MRI reconstructions, and sections to represent the morphology of the sulci and gyri in the frontal, temporal, and parietal regions involved in language processing - Photomicrographs showing the cytoarchitecture of cortical areas involved in language processing - Series of coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections identifying the sulci and gyri to assist language investigators using structural and functional neuroimaging techniques - All images accompanied by brief commentaries to help users navigate the complexities of the anatomy - Integration of data from diffusion MRI and resting-state connectivity with critical experimental anatomical data on the connectivity of homologous areas in the macaque monkey
This book describes aspects of the natural gas hydrate (NGH) system that offer opportunities for the innovative application of existing technology and development of new technology that could dramatically lower the cost of NGH exploration and production. It is written for energy industry professsionals and those concerned with energy choices and efficiencies at a university graduate level. The NGH resource is compared with physical, environmental, and commercial aspects of other gas resources. The authors' theme is that natural gas can provide for base and peak load energy demands during the transition to and possibly within a renewable energy future. This is possibly the most useful book discussing fossil fuels that will be a reference for environmentalists and energy policy institutions, and for the environmental and energy community.
Addresses the problems that arise when we attempt to convey information with visual displays such as graphs by presenting psychological principles for constructing effective graphs. This work is useful for those who use visual displays to convey information in the sciences, humanities, and business such as finance, marketing, and advertising.
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