Exam Board: AQA, Edexcel, OCR & WJEC Level: A-level Subject: History First Teaching: September 2015 First Exam: June 2016 Give your students the best chance of success with this tried and tested series, combining in-depth analysis, engaging narrative and accessibility. Access to History is the most popular, trusted and wide-ranging series for A-level History students. This title: - Supports the content and assessment requirements of the 2015 A-level History specifications - Contains authoritative and engaging content - Includes thought-provoking key debates that examine the opposing views and approaches of historians - Provides exam-style questions and guidance for each relevant specification to help students understand how to apply what they have learnt This title is suitable for a variety of courses including: - OCR: The Middle East 1908-2011: Ottomans to Arab Spring
This newly updated edition is a compilation of readings, divided into nine sections, each examining a specific hotel department or activity. Each topic is examined through a variety of viewpoints on the duties, responsibilities, problems, and opportunities encountered there. Multidimensional case studies, taking a practical approach, challenge readers to identify the central issues involved in complex management problems, understand the structure and resources of the department in question, and find solutions that may help in managing other hotel resources and departments.
This book covers pathophysiology of fever, the general approach to the febrile patient, and offers a systematic, in-depth discussion regarding the differential diagnosis of unexplained fever. The authors define an unexplained fever as a fever which lasts a minimum of 14 days and whose etiology is not known. This one-of-a-kind publication highlights the main causes of fever, specifically infectious diseases, cancer, connective tissue diseases, various rare disorders, plus etiologies which are often ignored. Also, laboratory and medical imaging techniques for diagnosing fevers are included. Written in a comprehensive, unrepetitious style, this "must-have" resource includes such aspects as the history of the fever, a review of published cases, the approach to the patient, and an analytical review. This up-to-date volume is an indispensable guide that should be read by physicians, surgeons, internists, microbiologists and other medical professionals.
Atlas and Synopsis of Lever's Histopathology of the Skin provides a systematic approach to diagnosing skin diseases. Written for trainees as well as experienced dermatopathologists, this text classifies skin diseases by location, reaction patterns, and cell type, if applicable. Revised and updated based on the 10th edition of Lever's Histopathology of the Skin, it greatly expands the concept of pattern recognition in differential diagnosis.
Mark d'Inverno and Michael Luck present a formal approach to dealing with agents and agent systems in this second edition of Understanding Agent Systems. The Z specification language is used to establish an accessible and unified formal account of agent systems and inter-agent relationships. In particular, the framework provides precise and unambiguous meanings for common concepts and terms for agent systems, allows for the description of alternative agent models and architectures, and serves as a foundation for subsequent development of increasingly refined agent concepts. The practicability of this approach is verified by applying the formal framework to three detailed case studies. The book will appeal equally to researchers, students, and professionals in industry.
A modern-day Nick and Nora, the quick-witted Rep and the literature-loving Melissa trade sophisticated quips that may make readers wish they had paid more attention in English class. Good fun."—Booklist Intellectual property attorneys, romance publishers, and librarians—the very last people you'd expect to be mixed up in murder! Add a pinch of authentic Civil War re-enactors and a sparkling tour of Kansas City, and voilà, a classic yet up-to-the-minute crime. Rep and Melissa Pennyworth head west from Indiana to a re-enactment on a Civil War battle in Kansas City, Missouri. Rep is really in quest on a cutting-edge copyright case connected with romance publishing house Jackrabbit Press. He finds a corpse instead....
Substantial gaps exist between Black Americans and other racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., most glaringly Whites, across virtually all quality-of-life indicators. Despite strong evidence that neighborhood residence affects life outcomes, we lack a comprehensive picture of Black neighborhood conditions and how they have changed over time. In Where the Hood At? urban planning and public policy scholar Michael C. Lens examines the characteristics and trajectories of Black neighborhoods across the U.S. over the fifty years since the Fair Housing Act. Hip hop music was born out of Black neighborhoods in the 1970s and has evolved alongside them. In Where the Hood At? Lens uses rap’s growth and influence across the country to frame discussions about the development and conditions of Black neighborhoods. Lens finds that social and economic improvement in Black neighborhoods since the 1970s has been slow. However, how well Black neighborhoods are doing varies substantially by region. Overall, Black neighborhoods in the South are doing well and growing quickly. Washington D.C. and Atlanta, in particular, stand out as centers of Black affluence. Black neighborhoods in the Midwest and the Rust Belt, on the other hand, are particularly disadvantaged. The welfare of Black neighborhoods is related not only to factors within neighborhoods, such as the unemployment rate, but also to characteristics of the larger metropolitan area, such as overall income inequality. Lens finds that while gentrification is increasingly prevalent, it is growing slowly, and is not as pressing an issue as public discourse would make it seem. Instead, concentrated disadvantage is by far the most common and pressing problem in Black neighborhoods. Lens argues that Black neighborhoods represent urban America’s greatest policy failures, and that recent housing policies have only had mild success. He provides several suggestions for policies with the goal of uplifting Black neighborhoods. One radical proposal is enacting policies and programs, such as tax breaks for entrepreneurs or other small business owners, that would encourage Black Americans to move back to the South. Black Americans migrating South would have a better chance at moving to an advantaged Black neighborhood as improving neighborhood location is higher when moving across regions. It would also help Black Americans expand their political and economic power. He also suggests a regional focus for economic development policies, particularly in the Midwest where Black neighborhoods are struggling the most. One way to boost economic development would be to move federal agencies to the area. He also calls for building more affordable housing in Black suburbs. Black poverty is lower in suburbs than in central cities, so increasing housing in Black suburbs would allow Black households to relocate to more advantaged neighborhoods, which research has shown leads to improved life outcomes. Where the Hood At? is a remarkable and comprehensive account of Black neighborhoods that helps us to better understand the places and conditions that allow them flourish or impedes their advancement.
Unparalleled coverage of U.S. political development through a unique chronological framework Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History explores the events, policies, activities, institutions, groups, people, and movements that have created and shaped political life in the United States. With contributions from scholars in the fields of history and political science, this seven-volume set provides students, researchers, and scholars the opportunity to examine the political evolution of the United States from the 1500s to the present day. With greater coverage than any other resource, the Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History identifies and illuminates patterns and interrelations that will expand the reader’s understanding of American political institutions, culture, behavior, and change. Focusing on both government and history, the Encyclopedia brings exceptional breadth and depth to the topic with more than 100 essays for each of the critical time periods covered. With each volume covering one of seven time periods that correspond to key eras in American history, the essays and articles in this authoritative encyclopedia focus on the following themes of political history: The three branches of government Elections and political parties Legal and constitutional histories Political movements and philosophies, and key political figures Economics Military politics International relations, treaties, and alliances Regional histories Key Features Organized chronologically by political eras Reader’s guide for easy-topic searching across volumes Maps, photographs, and tables enhance the text Signed entries by a stellar group of contributors VOLUME 1 ?Colonial Beginnings through Revolution ?1500–1783 ?Volume Editor: Andrew Robertson, Herbert H. Lehman College ?The colonial period witnessed the transformation of thirteen distinct colonies into an independent federated republic. This volume discusses the diversity of the colonial political experience—a diversity that modern scholars have found defies easy synthesis—as well as the long-term conflicts, policies, and events that led to revolution, and the ideas underlying independence. VOLUME 2 ?The Early Republic ?1784–1840 ?Volume Editor: Michael A. Morrison, Purdue University No period in the history of the United States was more critical to the foundation and shaping of American politics than the early American republic. This volume discusses the era of Confederation, the shaping of the U.S. Constitution, and the development of the party system. VOLUME 3 ?Expansion, Division, and Reconstruction ?1841–1877 ?Volume Editor: William Shade, Lehigh University (emeritus) ?This volume examines three decades in the middle of the nineteenth century, which witnessed: the emergence of the debate over slavery in the territories, which eventually led to the Civil War; the military conflict itself from 1861 until 1865; and the process of Reconstruction, which ended with the readmission of all of the former Confederate States to the Union and the "withdrawal" of the last occupying federal troops from those states in 1877. VOLUME 4 ?From the Gilded Age through the Age of Reform ?1878–1920 ?Volume Editor: Robert Johnston, University of Illinois at Chicago With the withdrawal of federal soldiers from Southern states the previous year, 1878 marked a new focus in American politics, and it became recognizably modern within the next 40 years. This volume focuses on race and politics; economics, labor, and capitalism; agrarian politics and populism; national politics; progressivism; foreign affairs; World War I; and the end of the progressive era. VOLUME 5 ?Prosperity, Depression, and War ?1921–1945 ?Volume Editor: Robert Zieger, University of Florida Between 1921 and 1945, the U.S. political system exhibited significant patterns of both continuity and change in a turbulent time marked by racist conflicts, the Great Depression, and World War II. The main topics covered in this volume are declining party identification; the "Roosevelt Coalition"; evolving party organization; congressional inertia in the 1920s; the New Deal; Congress during World War II; the growth of the federal government; Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency; the Supreme Court’s conservative traditions; and a new judicial outlook. VOLUME 6 ?Postwar Consensus to Social Unrest ?1946–1975 ?Volume Editor: Thomas Langston, Tulane University This volume examines the postwar era with the consolidation of the New Deal, the onset of the Cold War, and the Korean War. It then moves into the 1950s and early 1960s, and discusses the Vietnam war; the era of John F. Kennedy; the Cuban Missile Crisis; the Civil Rights Act; Martin Luther King and the Voting Rights Act; antiwar movements; The War Powers Act; environmental policy; the Equal Rights Amendment; Roe v. Wade; Watergate; and the end of the Vietnam War. VOLUME 7 ?The Clash of Conservatism and Liberalism ?1976 to present ?Volume Editor: Richard Valelly, Swarthmore College ?The troubled Carter Administration, 1977–1980, proved to be the political gateway for the resurgence of a more ideologically conservative Republican party led by a popular president, Ronald Reagan. The last volume of the Encyclopedia covers politics and national institutions in a polarized era of nationally competitive party politics and programmatic debates about taxes, social policy, and the size of national government. It also considers the mixed blessing of the change in superpower international competition associated with the end of the Cold War. Stateless terrorism (symbolized by the 9/11 attacks), the continuing American tradition of civil liberties, and the broad change in social diversity wrought by immigration and the impact in this period of the rights revolutions are also covered.
Complications in Surgery, Second Edition offers authoritative recommendations for preventing and managing complications in all current general surgery procedures. The opening sections discuss institutional risk management issues and risks common to all operations, such as wound healing problems, infection, shock, and complications in immunosuppressed patients. Subsequent sections focus on complications of specific procedures in thoracic, vascular, gastric, endocrine, breast, and oncologic surgery, as well as organ transplantation and pediatric surgery. This edition includes new information on surgical quality assessment and patient safety and updated information in the organ-specific chapters.
In this sweeping work of science and history, the renowned climate scientist and author of The New Climate War shows us the conditions on Earth that allowed humans not only to exist but thrive, and how they are imperiled if we veer off course. For the vast majority of its 4.54 billion years, Earth has proven it can manage just fine without human beings. Then came the first proto-humans, who emerged just a little more than 2 million years ago—a fleeting moment in geological time. What is it that made this benevolent moment of ours possible? Ironically, it’s the very same thing that now threatens us—climate change. The drying of the tropics during the Pleistocene period created a niche for early hominids, who could hunt prey as forests gave way to savannahs in the African tropics. The sudden cooling episode known as the “Younger Dryas” 13,000 years ago, which occurred just as Earth was thawing out of the last Ice Age, spurred the development of agriculture in the fertile crescent. The “Little Ice Age” cooling of the 16th-19th centuries led to famines and pestilence for much of Europe, yet it was a boon for the Dutch, who were able to take advantage of stronger winds to shorten their ocean voyages. The conditions that allowed humans to live on this earth are fragile, incredibly so. Climate variability has at times created new niches that humans or their ancestors could potentially exploit, and challenges that at times have spurred innovation. But there’s a relatively narrow envelope of climate variability within which human civilization remains viable. And our survival depends on conditions remaining within that range. In this book, renowned climate scientist Michael Mann will arm readers with the knowledge necessary to appreciate the gravity of the unfolding climate crisis, while emboldening them—and others--to act before it truly does become too late.
Intelligent agents are computer systems that are capable of flexible autonomous action in dynamic, typically multi-agent domains. Over the past few years, the computer science community has begun to recognise that the technology of intelligent agents provides the key to solving a range of complex software application problems, for which traditional software engineering tools and techniques offer no solution. This book, the third in a series, represents the state of the art in the science of agent systems. It is based on papers presented at the 3rd workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages (ATAL'96), held in conjunction with the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'96) in Budapest, Hungary, in August 1996. It is essential reading for anyone interested in this vital new technology.
Here’s all the guidance you need to overcome the most difficult musculoskeletal problems using orthoses and assistive devices! With new coverage of postpolio syndrome, cranial orthoses, and now incorporating the perspectives of renowned physiatrists, this is a one-stop rehabilitation resource. Tips and Pearls in every chapter and a new 2-color format make accessing information a snap. Includes Chapters on biomechanics of spine, upper limb and hand and lower limb to help you understand the factors that determine the orthoses available for these joints. Incorporates chapters on the Orthotic Prescription, Strength and Materials, and the Normal and Pathologic Gait help you understand your role in the rehabilitative process. Contains information about the specific science behind the construction of orthoses—perfect for the Certified Prosthetist/Orthotist and the interested physician. Carries the authority and approval of AAOS, the preeminent orthopaedic professional society. Uses a new 2-color format to make the book easier to use and information easier to retain. Includes Tips and Pearls boxes in every chapter so you can quickly access expert guidance. Contains new chapters on: Orthoses for Persons with Postpolio Paralysis; Orthoses for Persons with Postpolio Syndromes; and Cranial Orthoses. Incorporates evidence-based recommendations into the chapters on spinal, upper- and lower-limb orthoses to help you select the most proven approach for your patients.
Old Dorm," which served as the first classroom and dormitory of the Gettysburg Lutheran Theological Seminary, is a familiar tourist site--Union Cavalry General John Buford directed the opening stages of the battle of Gettysburg from the building's distinctive cupola and some of the bloodiest fighting of the three-day conflict took place on Seminary Ridge. However, few visitors realize the building's important role as the second largest hospital at Gettysburg, both during and after the battle. During the peak occupancy, 600-700 wounded soldiers from both armies were cared for at this site. This work presents the history of the Gettysburg Seminary during the Civil War and the important cast of characters that have passed through its halls by utilizing the firsthand accounts of soldiers, civilians, surgeons, and relief agency personnel. Also included is the prewar and postwar history of the Seminary, as well as information about President Samuel S. Schmucker and the abolition movement.
The story of the Athenian Golden Age by one of the world's pre-eminent classical historians. The Golden Age of ancient Greek city-state civilization lasted from 490 to 336 BC, the period between the first wars against Persia and Carthage and the accession of Alexander the Great. Never has there been such a multiplication of talents and genius within so limited a period and Michael Grant captures this astonishing civilization at the height of its powers.
This new second edition includes two entirely new chapters on selecting vocabulary words for study and vocabulary instruction for English Language Learners. In addition, every chapter has been substantially updated to incorporate discussion of next-generation standards. Incorporating the newest research in vocabulary acquisition into the four-part model of vocabulary instruction that made the first edition a bestseller, this edition emphasizes vocabulary as an important tool in meeting the needs of increasingly diverse students K-12. It also includes new instructional approaches to teaching vocabulary that have been developed and classroom-tested since the release of the first edition.
In five chapters, this volume presents recent developments in fatigue assessment. In the first chapter, a generalized Neuber concept of fictitious notch rounding is presented where the microstructural support factors depend on the notch opening angle besides the loading mode. The second chapter specifies the notch stress factor including the strain energy density and J-integral concept while the SED approach is applied to common fillet welded joints and to thin-sheet lap welded joints in the third chapter. The forth chapter analyses elastic-plastic deformations in the near crack tip zone and discusses driving force parameters. The last chapter discusses thermomechanical fatigue, stress, and strain ranges.
Frederick Douglass dismissed Myrtilla's plan to open a school for African American girls in the slaveholding South as "reckless, almost to the point of madness." But Myrtilla Miner, the daughter of poor white farmers in Madison County, New York, was relentless. Fueled by an unyielding feminist conviction, and against a tide of hostility, on December 3, 1851, the fiery educator and abolitionist opened the School for Colored Girls—the only school in Washington, DC, dedicated to training African American students to be teachers. Although often in poor health, Myrtilla was a fierce advocate for her school, fending off numerous attacks, including stonings, arson, and physical threats, and discouraging local "rowdies" by brandishing her revolver with open displays of target practice. The school would gradually gain national fame and stimulate a nationwide debate on the education of black people. Myrtilla's School for Colored Girls would slowly flourish through the years, and its mission exists even today through the University of the District of Columbia. This Noble Woman is the first modern biography of Myrtilla Miner for young adults, and includes historic photos, source notes, a bibliography, and a list of resources for further exploration.
Originally published in 1993, this was the first systematic attempt to understand the criminalization of Black people without resorting to either crude state conspiracy theories or pathological portrayals of Black communities. Instead, the author places police/Black conflict in a geographical and historical context. A rigorous analysis of recent riots in London, informed by theoretical debates at the time, allowed Keith to demonstrate that both the riots and subsequent popular and official analysis had determined policies which had heightened the criminalization of the Black community. The ethnographic study of police/Black antagonism in three key areas of London highlights a police force struggling with an historical legacy that transcends the actions of particular officers. This book demonstrates that meaningful understanding of contemporary policing depends on situating ethnographic accounts firmly within the social and political context in which the police are forced to operate. It will be of great value to students of sociology, race relations, social geography, criminology and politics, as well as to professionals in the race relations field and the police service. This book is a re-issue originally published in 1993. The language used is a reflection of its era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this re-publication.
The eighth edition of Introduction to Audiologic Rehabilitation offers a comprehensive exploration of aural rehabilitation spanning across the lifespan. Written in an accessible style for undergraduate students, the text covers the fundamentals, methods of assessment and management, technologies, and contemporary issues for a thorough understanding of audiologic rehabilitation practices. Two chapters focus solely on real-world case studies addressing the needs of children and adults. There are detailed chapters on hearing aids and hearing assistive technologies, cochlear implants, auditory and visual stimuli in communication, language and speech of the deaf and hard of hearing, psychosocial aspects of hearing loss, and more. New to the Eighth Edition: * Discussion of current issues and trending topics including over-the-counter hearing aids * Highlights related to telepractice and teleaudiology * Addition of diversity, equity, and inclusion topics related to hearing health disparities and audiologic rehabilitations Key Features: * Based on a proven model framed within the concepts of the World Health Organization * Authored by leading experts ensuring current, evidence-based information * Emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach, recognizing the collaborative nature of audiologic rehabilitation involving professionals in audiology, speech-language pathology, and related fields * Case studies offer application opportunities across the lifespan * Each chapter includes activities, recommended readings, and websites for additional resources * Visual aids, including figures, tables, and photos enhance student comprehension, particularly for complex topics such as cochlear implants and auditory stimulation * Appendices containing valuable terms, definitions, and additional resources for easy reference
Light therapy' is established worldwide as the treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder. It is also successfuly used in nonseasonal depression, as well as for many other psychiatric and neurologic illnesses, and in sleep medicine. Wake therapy is the fastest antidepressant known. Imaging studies show that both methods share neurobiological substrates with antidepressants, but act much faster. 'Chronotherapeutics' the combination of light and wake therapy achieves rapid results and, by reducing residual symptoms, also minimises relapse. Written by three prominent clinical and research experts in biological rhythms, this manual aims to broaden knowledge and practical application of these non-pharmacologic interventions for bipolar and unipolar disorders. Clinical understanding is deepened by an explanation of the circadian timing system and sleep regulatory mechanisms which underlie the novel treatment strategy. The step-by-step guide and description of the interventions in centers throughout the world provides clear hands-on instructions, supported by a solid body of clinical research. The first edition of 'Chronotherapeutics for Affective Disorders' has kindled a network of psychiatrists and psychologists who are actively introducing these treatments for their inpatients and outpatients. This manual is also essential reading for primary care physicians, sleep medicine specialists and health care administrators.
This compendium of over 500 entries on the most important and relevant personalities, programs, activities, and agencies of U.S. intelligence, beginning with the Sons of Liberty before the onset of the Revolutionary War until the most recent reorganization of the U.S. intelligence community, covers the myriad pieces of legislation that have governed the activities of U.S. intelligence, from the National Security Act of 1947, which still constitutes the fundamental law setting up modern U.S. intelligence, to the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, which established the new position of the Director of National Intelligence. Each entry is cross-referenced for easy navigation and provides a definition as well as a brief but complete historical evaluation of the subject. This volume traces more than two centuries of history in the chronology. The introduction explains just what intelligence is and does, and shows how U.S. intelligence operations have evolved. Appendixes list Directors and Deputy Directors of Central Intelligence. The bibliography provides the most relevant and important sources for those interested in further reading.
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