The People's Home is a magisterial examination of the development of social rented housing over the last hundred years in six advanced capitalist countries - Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark and the USA.
First published in 1988. This book argues that there is a growing structural crisis in the provision of housing in advanced capitalist countries and that the steady improvement in housing conditions since 1945 is unlikely to continue. The dilemmas facing housing policy makers can no longer be seen as concerned just with distributional questions but with problems generated by the restructuring of key elements of housing provision, including private housing finance and the housebuilding industry. It looks at housing markets, housing policies and specific institutions connected with housing provision in many advanced capitalist countries, including Britain, the USA, France, West Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. It considers the different sectors and the changes taking place there, using case study material where appropriate to support its varied and convincing arguments.
First published in 1980, Mugging as a Social Problem sets out to remedy the deficiency of serious research on mugging. The work is based on a random sample of over 1000 muggings which occurred within the Metropolitan Police District in the mid-1970s, and the author analyses the results not only in absolute and comparative terms but also against a background of social determinants such as ecology, deprivation and race. Dr. Pratt’s long-term solution is not novel: an all-round improvement in housing, employment and social conditions will eventually remove the circumstances which create muggers; but there are steps, he suggests, which can be taken in the short term to stop mugging by reducing opportunity. However, before any effective measures can be introduced, more facts are needed about the background, motives and methods of the typical mugger: it is just such facts that this study sets out to provide. This book will be of interest to students of sociology, law, urban studies and criminology.
A substantial proportion of the world’s population now live in towns and cities, so it is not surprising that urban geography has emerged as a major focus for research. This edited collection, first published in 1983, is concerned with the effects on the city of a wide range of economic, social and political processes, including pollution, housing, health and finance. With a detailed introduction to the themes and developments under discussion written by Michael Pacione, this comprehensive work provides an essential overview for scholars and students of urban geography and planning.
`Introducing Social Geographies' is a major new text offering a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to this important area of human geography. It presents a broad overview of social geography, clearly outlining the key theoretical and political positions, and making extensive use of examples to show how these frameworks can be used to analyse real social issues. The book is ideal for undergraduates first encountering social geography and includes topic overviews, summaries of key points, critiques, boxed case studies and suggestions for further reading.
The book will inform a wide audience about the provision of rented housing in several European countries. The material is relevant to many housing, surveying and planning undergraduate and postgraduate courses which have a European housing element/option.
The continuing tendency to "continentalize" Canadian issues has been particularly marked in the area of urban studies where United States-based research findings, methodologies, and attitudes have held sway. In this book, Goldberg and Mercer demonstrate that the label "North American City" as widely used is inappropriate and misleading in discussion of the distinctive Canadian urban environment. Examining such elements of the cultural context as mass values, social and demographic structures, the economy, and political institutions, they reveal salient differences between Canada and the United States.
Politics, Planning and the City is designed to introduce the complex political processes and problems of the modern city. The author begins by setting the theoretical context and discusses models of democracy, power and the nature of policy. Next he examines change and the city, by focusing on actual decision-making. Three major policy areas affecting the city - housing, planning and the social services - are then reviewed and the post-war experiences analysed. The author concludes by discussing the consequences, intended and unintended, for the city adn asks whether city governments can cope with the future. This book was first published in 1980.
Not since the 1960s have the activities of resistance among lower- and working-class youth caused such anxiety in the international community. Yet today the dispossessed are responding to the challenges of globalization and its methods of social control. The contributors to this volume examine the struggle for identity and interdependence of these youth, their clashes with law enforcement and criminal codes, their fight for social, political, and cultural capital, and their efforts to achieve recognition and empowerment. Essays adopt the vantage point of those whose struggle for social solidarity, self-respect, and survival in criminalized or marginalized spaces. In doing so, they contextualize and humanize the seemingly senseless actions of these youths, who make visible the class contradictions, social exclusion, and rituals of psychological humiliation that permeate their everyday lives.
Bringing together the reflections of an architectural theorist and a philosopher, this book encourages philosophers and architects, scholars and designers alike, to reconsider what they do as well as what they can do in the face of challenging times. It does so by exploring the notion that architecture and design can (and possibly should), in their own right, make for a distinctive form of ethical investigation. The book is less concerned with absolutist understandings of the two components of ethics, a theory of ‘the good’ and a theory of ‘the right’, than with remaining open to multiple relations between ideas about the built environment, design practices and the plurality of kinds of human subjects (inhabitants, individuals and communities) accommodated by buildings and urban spaces. The built environment contributes to the inculcation of all sorts of values (good and bad). Thus, this book aims to change the way people commonly think about ethics, not only in relation to the built environment, but to themselves, their ways of thinking and modes of behaviour.
A comprehensive introduction to the important economic, social and political processes and development issues in this increasingly popular area of study. Employing a groundbreaking thematic approach the book centres its discussion on the interrelation between contemporary development theories and continuing transition issues in this huge and complex region.
The book explains why the real estate and construction industries are organised in the ways they are and then relates those characteristics to long-term market behaviour. It covers market dynamics - supply and demand; the interaction of property development and construction – and examines institutions and market structures. Real estate development and construction tend to be separate subjects in the literature. But construction is an inevitable part of any property development process and so has a major influence on the institutional structure of development. Markets & Institutions in Real Estate & Construction argues that these structures are best explained as a series of modern economic theories, based on competition and current production technologies. offers focus and breadth, and deal with controversial debates economic arguments made accessible through a non-technical writing style presents long-run international comparison of property market behaviour reflects internationalisation of property and construction markets
The nineteenth century is a key period in the history of the interpretation of the Greek gods. The Greek Gods in Modern Scholarship examines how German and British scholars of the time drew on philology, archaeology, comparative mythology, anthropology, or sociology to advance radically different theories on the Greek gods and their origins. For some, they had been personifications of natural elements, for others, they had begun as universal gods like the Christian god, yet for others, they went back to totems or were projections of group unity. The volume discusses the views of both well-known figures like K. O. Muller (1797-1840), or Jane Harrison (1850-1928), and of forgotten, but important, scholars like F. G. Welcker (1784-1868). It explores the underlying assumptions and agendas of the rival theories in the light of their intellectual and cultural context, laying stress on how they were connected to broader contemporary debates over fundamental questions such as the origins and nature of religion, or the relation between Western culture and the 'Orient'. It also considers the impact of theories from this period on twentieth- and twenty-first-century scholarship on Greek religion and draws implications for the study of the Greek gods today.
This book provides a discussion of multiculturalism from a global perspective. It progresses from a discussion of the ideological and philosophical arguments for multiculturalism through its political, public policy, and socio-economic dimensions. Multicultural practices from Canada, Germany, India, Israel, Nigeria, Rwanda, the United Kingdom, and the United States are discussed. The response to multiculturalism differs from one country to the other and is influenced by the political context, rules of immigration, colonial legacy, domestic institutional structures, and pressure from interest groups. Because multiculturalism is a contentious issue as groups vie for limited resources, the debate on multiculturalism will be a heated one. Governments can facilitate the process by creating an environment that enables the exchange of ideas without conflict and antagonism.
First published in 1988, this book analyses the changes that took place in the economic organisation of the British construction industry throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, in particular considering its social and economic structure and examining the causes of its poor industrial record. Michael Ball describes how the major firms survived the economic slump between 1973 and 1982 - when construction workloads collapsed - by substantially restructuring their operations, relationships with clients, workforces and subcontractors. Detailed attention is paid to construction firms, the workers they employ, the influence of trade unionism and the role of other agencies in the building process. Reissued at a particularly challenging time for the British construction industry, this relevant and practical title will be of value to students and academics of economics and social change, as well as those on courses for construction professionals.
Originally published in 1965, this standard work sets out to explore the questions: What is ‘social administration’, and how can people prepare themselves for this work? It shows the social services in continuous evolution in response to political, economic and social change, and it ends with a deeply thoughtful and thought-provoking analysis of the processes and causes of this evolution, and of the different contributions to change made by the various parties concerned. This analysis is based on the case studies presented in the book’s central chapters. Of this new version of the book, first published in 1975, Professor Donnison wrote: ‘The first three chapters of the original book have been scrapped and a new introduction to the whole subject takes their place – an introduction not only to the literature about social policy and administration but to the "point" and purpose of the subject (for students who, rightly, expect to be convinced about this before devoting their time to it). Then follow eight case studies of innovations in the work and policies of local units of the social services – including housing, education, a home help service, planning and legal aid, besides social work services. These are the original studies untouched. I have returned to each agency and found out what has happened since our original studies, adding a postscript to each, outlining the main developments since the original research, ten to twenty years ago. I don’t think anyone has ever done that before. In most cases the innovating trends we identified have gone further, often becoming national orthodoxy by now. The one (on legal aid) where unexpected developments have occurred is at least as interesting.’ Professor Donnison has added a ninth case study – of the Department of Social Administration at the London School of Economics where he was working when the original studies were made (Professor Richard Titmuss was head of the department at that time). This study traces the development of education for social workers at a seminal stage and the difficult problems which had to be resolved when major new departures occurred in this field. The chapter will be of lasting interest to historians of social work and social work education in Britain, besides throwing light on the process of innovation in social policy.
The Thames Gateway plan is the largest and most complex project of urban regeneration ever undertaken in the United Kingdom. This book provides a comprehensive overview and critique of the Thames Gateway plan, but at the same time it uses the plan as a lens through which to look at a series of important questions of social theory, urban policy and governmental practice. It examines the impact of urban planning and demographic change on East London's material and social environment, including new forms of ethnic gentrification, the development of the eastern hinterlands, shifting patterns of migration between city and country, the role of new policies in regulating housing provision and the attempt to create new cultural hubs downriver. It also looks at issues of governance and accountability, the tension between public and private interests, and the immediate and longer term prospects for the Thames Gateway project both in relation to the 'Olympics effect' and the growth of new forms of regionalism.
The second edition of Urban Geographycontinues to provide an authoritative and stimulating global introduction to the study of towns and cities. The text synthesizes a wealth of material to provide unrivalled depth and breadth for students of urban geography, drawing on a rich blend of theoretical and empirical information with which to advance the knowledge of the city. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect feedback from users and to incorporate the latest research and developments in the field. The text is divided into six main parts that explain and discuss: * the field of urban geography and the importance of a global perspective * the historical growth of cities from the earliest times and the urban geography of the major world regions * the dynamics of urban structure and land-use change in Western cities * economy, society and politics in the Western city * the economic, social, political and environmental challenge faced by the third world city * an overview on the future of cities and cities of the future. Featuring over one hundred and eighty case study and explanatory boxes, this book draws insights from across the globe and contains a glossary of key terms and words, chapter summaries, key points, study questions and annotated further reading.
This new text provides a rigorous analysis of real estate markets. Three main sections cover: microeconomics of property markets the macroeconomics of commercial property the financial economics of property Global empirical examples illustrate the theories and issues. This often complex area is made accessible: each chapter contains a boxed summary and questions for self-testing or discussion.
This is a comprehensive review of the actuality of planning in the past few years; as such it is suitable for students of town planning, as well as surveyors, engineers, architects and developers.
Rent control, the governmental regulation of the level of payment and tenure rights for rental housing, occupies a small but unique niche within the broad domain of public regulation of markets. The price of housing cannot be regulated by establishing a single price for a given level of quality, as other commodities such as electricity and sugar have been regulated at various times. Rent regulation requires that a price level be established for each individual housing unit, which in turn implies a level of complexity in structure and oversight that is unequaled.Housing provides a sense of security, defines our financial and emotional well-being, and influences our self-definition. Not surprisingly, attempts to regulate its price arouse intense controversy. Residential rent control is praised as a guarantor of affordable housing, excoriated as an indefensible distortion of the market, and both admired and feared as an attempt to transform the very meaning of housing access and ownership.This book provides a thorough assessment of the evolution of rent regulation in North American cities. Contributors sketch rent control's origins, legal status, economic impacts, political dynamics, and social meaning. Case studies of rent regulation in specific North American cities from New York and Washington, DC, to Berkeley and Toronto are also presented. This is an important primer for students, advocates, and practitioners of housing policy and provides essential insights on the intersection of government and markets.
The challenges of affordable housing are manifold. However this presents an opportunity to private investors, real estate companies, and developers. With the growing global trend for impact-based investments, many institutional investors have begun to consider the merits of this asset class. This book examines not only the profitability of these assets, but also whether these assets rely on government subsidy. It discusses why investors have become more interested in this product and which investment criteria influence the financial performance of these assets. The authors employed a mixed method approach to collect data at two tiers, first through surveys and afterwards through interviews of 8 firms (3 publicly listed companies, 3 private equity companies, 1 foundation, and 1 state bank) across Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Investment criteria are analyzed using inferential statistics, specifically the Hierarchical Algorithm Cluster Analysis. The financial characteristics of the companies are examined and compared using descriptive statistics and the qualitative interview output is explored using the thematic Latent Coding Analysis. Furthermore, the book explains how the bond-like nature of affordable housing is a profitable impact investment option, and how this strategy is particularly worthwhile for institutional investors. It also describes that profitability of affordable housing products is not dependent on subsidy. Still, affordable housing products supported by government incentives in the United Kingdom and United States are most attractive. The book illustrates six important investment strategies identified by veterans in this field to have an influence on the financial feasibility of affordable housing products.
Every 20 years since 1920, Madrid has undergone an urban planning cycle in which a city plan was prepared, adopted by law, and implemented by a new institution. This preparation-adoption-institutionalization sequence, along with the institution's structures and procedures, have persisted - with some exceptions - despite frequent upheavals in society. The planning institution itself played a lead role in maintaining continuity, traumatic history notwithstanding. Why and how was this the case? Madrid's planners, who had mostly trained as architects, invented new images for the city and metro region: images of urban space that were social constructs, the products of planning processes. These images were tools that coordinated planning and urban policy. In a complex, fragmented institutional milieu in which scores of organized interests competed in overlapping policy arenas, images were a cohesive force around which plans, policies, and investments were shaped. Planners in Madrid also used their images to build new institutions. Images began as city or metropolitan designs or as a metaphor capturing a new vision. New political regimes injected their principles and beliefs into the governing institution via images and metaphors. These images went a long way in constituting the new institution, and in helping realize each regime's goals. This empirically-based life cycle theory of institutional evolution suggests that the constitutional image sustaining the institution undergoes a change or is replaced by a new image, leading to a new or reformed institution. A life cycle typology of institutional transformation is formulated with four variables: type of change, stimulus for change, type of constitutional image, and outcome of the transformation. By linking the life cycle hypothesis with cognitive theories of image formation, and then situating their synthesis within a frame of cognition as a means of structuring the institution, this book arrives at a new theory
This pioneering volume proposes a compelling new theory of how regions have sustained their economic viability in the era of multinational corporations. Unlike traditional approaches, which analyze economic systems in terms of their mechanics (inputs, outputs, prices, technology, etc.), this work views them as systems for coordinating human actions and relationships. Reconceptualizing the role of learning, technology, and local institutions in development, Storper illuminates the key role of regional economies as building blocks of the increasingly connected world. A thought-provoking and timely work, The Regional World carries resounding implications for educators, students, and policymakers in economic geography, economic sociology, and international business. It is an essential primary or supplementary text for graduate-level courses on economic, regional, or industrial development and policy and international business.
This study is among the first works in English to comprehensively address the Scandinavian First World War experience in the larger international context of the war. It surveys the complex relationship between the belligerent great powers and Northern Europe's neutral small states in times of crisis and war. The book's overreaching rationale draws upon three underlying conceptual fields: neutrality and international law, hegemony and great power politics as well as diplomacy and policy-making of small states in the international arena. From a variety of angles, it examines the question of how neutrality was understood and perceived, negotiated and dealt with both among the Scandinavian states and the belligerent major powers, especially Britain, Germany and Russia. For a long time, the experience of neutral countries during the First World War was seen as marginal, and was overshadowed by the experiences of occupation and collaboration brought about by the Second World War. In this book, Jonas demonstrates how this perception has changed, with neutrality becoming an integral part of the multiple narratives of the First World War. It is an important contribution to the international history of the First World War, cultural-historically influenced approaches to diplomatic history and the growing area of neutrality studies.
This book looks at the making and the consuming of places in the contemporary world. Illustrated through various case-studies from Denmark, it considers how places, performances and peoples intersect. It examines the fascinating circumstances through which visitors to a place, in part, produce that place through their performances. Places are intertwined with people through various systems that generate and reproduce performances in and of that place. These systems comprise networks of ’hosts, guests, buildings, objects and machines’ that contingently realize particular performances of specific places. The studies featured here develop an exciting ’new mobility’ paradigm emerging within the social sciences.
This book concentrates on the sometimes Greek but largely Roman survivals many travellers set out to see and perhaps possess throughout the immense Ottoman Empire, on what were eastward and southward extensions of the Grand Tour. Europeans were curious about the Empire, Christianity’s great rival for centuries, and plenty of information on its antiquities was available, offered here via lengthy quotations. Most accounts of the history of collecting and museums concentrate on the European end. Plundered Empire details how and where antiquities were sought, uncovered, bartered, paid for or stolen, and any tribulations in getting them home. The book provides evidence for the continuing debate about the ethics of museum collections, with 19th century international competition the spur to spectacular acquisitions.
The Police: Autonomy and Consent is composed of two parts dealing mainly on the theme of police autonomy (Chapters 2-6) and the reciprocal theme of consent (Chapters 7-9). In particular, Chapter 2 is devoted to an historical account of the development of early police autonomy. Chapters 3 and 4 consider the political relation of the successor force within the local state in the mid-1970s, and the historical changes in the relationship between the police institution and the central state, respectively. Subsequent two chapters locate the core problem in considering police independence within the legal domain, and the role and political orientations of the three intrapolice organizations in reinforcing the development of autonomy. Chapter 7 demonstrates that different forms of relationship have historically characterized the relations between police institutions and the different social classes. The last two chapters present evidence on consent, and draws the themes of autonomy and consent together by focusing on the role of the chief police officer, positioned at the nexus between structural demands and organizational restraints, in continually negotiating definitions and practices of police work.
For decades the cities of the developed world were seen as problem-beset relics from times of low mobility and slow communications. But now, their potential to sustain creativity, culture and innovation is perceived as crucial to success in a much more competitive global ecomony. The vital requirement to secure and sustain this success is argued to be the achievement of social cohesion. Working Capital provides a rigorous but accessible analysis of these key issues taking London as its test case. The book provides the first substantial analysis of key economic, social and structural issues that the new London administration needs to deal with. In a wider context, its critical assessment of the bases of the new urbanism and of the global city thesis will raise questions both about the adequacy of urban thinking and about the capacity of new institutions alone to resolve the fundamental problems faced by cities.
Doucet and Weaver begin this empirical, analytical, and narrative study with an analysis of the evolution of land development as an enterprise and continue with an examination of house design and construction practices, the development of the apartment building, and an account of class and age as they relate to housing tenure. They also relate developments in Hamilton to the current state of urban historiography, using their case study to resolve discrepancies and contradictions in the literature. Among the major themes the authors deal with is a controversial exploration of what they see as a central North American urge: the desire to own a home. Other themes include the social allocation of urban space, the quality and affordability of housing, the increased interest of large corporations in the land development and financial service industries, and a comparative analysis of housing in Canada and the United States. The authors have drawn on civic and business records dating from the early nineteenth century to the latest planning data. Combining this information with their comprehensive analysis, Doucet and Weaver show that current housing problems and potential solutions are better understood when seen as part of a historical process. They provide a critical assessment of the ways in which contemporary society produces shelter and question the use of technical innovations alone to resolve housing crises.
This book revisits John Kenneth Galbraith's The Affluent Society from the perspective of the background to, and causes of, the 2008 global economic crisis. Each chapter takes a major theme of his book, distils Galbraith's arguments, and then discusses to what extent they cast light on current developments.
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