Searching for Magic Bullets reveals the quest of consumers, health professionals, and drug developers to find safer and faster methods of bringing new medications to the marketplace. Authors Basara and Montagne explore the current drug development and approval processes, their strengths and weaknesses, and the mechanisms by which patients and organizations evade these processes. Readers learn about the fundamentals of traditional and nontraditional drug discovery and development as they occur in the U.S., as well as the views of consumers, patients, and health professionals. Specific case studies of non-traditional drug development and acquisition strategies are highlighted, including AIDS medications, orphan drugs, and patient importation of medications. Basara and Montagne establish the differences in both knowledge and opinions of health consumers and health professionals regarding drug development, as well as how these differences often lead to frustration, dissatisfaction, and misappropriation of resources. The authors pinpoint the need for consumers and patients to know much more about the discovery and development of medicines, and for health professionals and students to understand patients’concerns, needs and beliefs, including their reasons for considering alternative methods of drug development and acquisition. Searching for Magic Bullets is a springboard from which consumers, health professionals, and students can discuss, debate, and resolve these issues and begin to develop more capable drug development and approval systems. This groundbreaking new book enlightens health professionals about patients’views regarding medication discovery and development and informs consumers and patients about the sometimes conflicting views of health professionals. It is divided into three sections: drug development and approval in the U.S., a case study of orphan drugs, and risky and sometimes illegal ways in which consumers evade the traditional drug development and approval systems. An Overview of the Chapters: A Review of the Drug Development Process of the Pharmaceutical Industry: Presents the steps that must be taken when researching and developing a new medication. The Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Approval Process: Describes the history and scope of the FDA, the steps involved in acquiring drug approval, and the various stages of clinical testing. Orphan Drug Legislation: A review of the Orphan Drug Act of 1983 and the changes that have recently been proposed by Congress. The impact of the Act is highlighted through a description of products that have been made available since the legislation was enacted. Issues of controversy are also highlighted. Non-traditional Methods of Drug Development: The role of patients and consumers in drug development and evaluation is discussed, with an emphasis on the perceived shortcomings of the formal system. Patient Influence on Drug Development and Regulation: The influence of patient advocacy groups and consumers is discussed in relation to the development and approval of orphan drugs, the fast-tracking of specific medications, and the use of unapproved and alternative therapies. Prescription Drug Importation: Clarifies the current drug importation regulations, as well as provides specific directions for patients wishing to receive such products or learn more about FDA importation laws. The final chapter summarizes safe and rational techniques that empower consumers in their search for beneficial drug therapies. Resources and strategies for obtaining and using information are provided as a reference for readers. A glossary of terms, acronyms, and a directory of supplemental information sources strengthens the reader's understanding of the information presented. Who Benefits From This Book? Consumers and patients can use Searching for Magic Bullets as an accurate source of information about significant but often confusing medical issues. The FDA and the way medications are developed are easily misunderstood, while alternative therapies and medication sources are often believed to be the only options. Patients will learn the viewpoints of the pharmaceutical industry, the government, and their health care professionals; the rationale for various steps in the drug development process; the risks and benefits of participation in clinical trials; how to obtain the highest quality care, make informed health decisions, and reduce health care costs; and finally, how to cope with a rare disease and/or limited access to approved medications. The result is an informed, influential, and active patient. For health professionals, this book reviews the steps of drug development and approval and provides explanations for drug development decisions; drug approval time lag; and patient frustrations, misinterpretations, and expectations. It is critical for health professionals to understand the needs of patients and to determine how they can work with patients to find acceptable solutions. The literature references and medical information sources are invaluable in this regard. Pharmaceutical industry executives, product managers, clinical researchers, and sales representatives will find a concise and timely examination of the ways in which medications are discovered, developed, marketed, and used by patients. Discussions of orphan drug development, biotechnology products, and patient issues may also provide new insights into these often misunderstood areas. Pharmacy, medical, nursing, and other students will find this book a consolidated reference source and guidebook for information about the primary issues surrounding drug development and the FDA approval process. Patients’knowledge of alternative medical therapies will only increase and health care curricula must include material that helps students understand patients’perceptions of the medication development and approval systems, as well as the importance of patients in health care decisionmaking. The disadvantages of current drug development and approval systems are described with the hope that future health professionals can amend these processes and ultimately enhance patient care.
In this study, Michael Hundley explores the diverse deities of ancient Near Eastern and biblical literature, from deified doors and diseases to the masters of the universe. Using data from Mesopotamia, Hittite Anatolia, Egypt, the Levant, and non-priestly Genesis and Exodus, Hundley explains their context-specific approach to deity, which produces complex and seemingly contradictory portraits. He suggests that ancient deities gained prominence primarily by co-opting the attributes of other deities, rather than by denying their existence or inventing new powers. He demonstrates that the primary difference between biblical and ancient Near Eastern presentations lies in their rhetorical goals, not their conceptions of gods. While others promote divine supremacy, Genesis and Exodus promote exclusive worship. Hundley argues that this monolatry redefined the biblical divine sphere and paved the way for the later development of monotheism and monotheistic explanations of evil.
I am unaware of any textbook which provides such comprehensive coverage of the field and doubt that this work will be surpassed in the foreseeable future, if ever!' From the foreword by Robert C. Moellering, Jr., M.D, Shields Warren-Mallinckrodt Professor of Medical Research, Harvard Medical School, USA Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics is the leading major reference work in this vast and rapidly developing field. More than doubled in length compared to the fifth edition, the sixth edition comprises 3000 pages over 2-volumes in order to cover all new and existing therapies, and emerging drugs not yet fully licensed. Concentrating on the treatment of infectious diseases, the content is divided into 4 sections: antibiotics, anti-fungal drugs, anti-parasitic drugs and anti-viral drugs, and is highly structured for ease of reference.Within each section, each chapter is structured to cover susceptibility, formulations and dosing (adult and paediatric), pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, toxicity and drug distribution, detailed discussion regarding clinical uses, a feature unique to this title. Compiled by an expanded team of internationally renowned and respected editors, with a vast number of contributors spanning Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, the US and Canada, the sixth edition adopts a truly global approach. It will remain invaluable for anyone using antimicrobial agents in their clinical practice and provides in a systematic and concise manner all the information required when treating infections requiring antimicrobial therapy. Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics is available free to purchasers of the books as an electronic version on line or on your desktop: It provides access to the entire 2-volume print material It is fully searchable, so you can find the relevant information you need quickly Live references are linked to PubMed referring you to the latest journal material Customise the contents - you can highlight sections and make notes Comments can be shared with colleagues/tutors for discussion, teaching and learning The text can also be reflowed for ease of reading Text and illustrations copied will be automatically referenced to Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics
Manfred von Richthofen became a fighter pilot on the Western Front in August 1916. By January 1917, Richthofen had shot down fifteen aircraft had been appointed commander of his own unit. He painted the fuselage of his Albatros D-III a bright red and was nicknamed the Red Baron. In June 1917, Richthofen was appointed commander of the German Flying Circus. Made up of Germany's top fighter pilots, this new unit was highly mobile and could be quickly sent to any part of the Western Front where it was most needed. Richthofen and his pilots achieved immediate success during the air war over Ypres during August and September. Manfred von Richthofen was killed on 21st April 1918. Richthofen had destroyed 80 allied aircraft, the highest score of any fighter pilot during the First World War. This book is divided into three sectors of the WWI front line in which von Richthofen operated. Each area is conveniently reached within hours. Airfield sites, memorials and the graves of Manfred's famous victims are described and directions for the battlefield walker are included with information on related museums and historic sites with special association with this most famous of fighter pilots.
Known for its clear presentation style, single-author voice, and focus on content most relevant to clinical and pre-clinical students, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition, employs a distinctive format to ensure maximum learning and retention of complex concepts. A larger font size emphasizes core information, while supporting information, including clinical examples, are detailed in smaller font and highlighted in pale blue – making it easy to quickly skim the essential text or pursue more in-depth study. This two-tone approach, along with other outstanding features, makes this bestselling text a favorite of students worldwide. - Offers a clinically oriented perspective written with the clinical and preclinical student in mind, bridging basic physiology with pathophysiology. - Focuses on core material and how the body maintains homeostasis to remain healthy, emphasizing the important principles that will aid in later clinical decision making. - Presents information in short chapters using a concise, readable voice that facilitates learning and retention. - Contains more than 1,200 full-color drawings and diagrams – all carefully crafted to make physiology easier to understand. - Features expanded clinical coverage including obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and other degenerative diseases. - Includes online access to interactive figures, new audio of heart sounds, animations, self-assessment questions, and more. - Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.
In our highly literate culture, orality is all-pervasive. Different kinds of media and performance - theatre, film, television, story-telling, structured play - make us ask what is the relation between improvisation and premeditation, between transcription and textualization, between rehearsal, recollection and re-narration. The challenge of writing down what is spoken is partly technical, but also political and philosophical. How do young writers represent the spoken language of their contemporaries? What are the rules governing the transcription of oral evidence in fiction and non-fiction? Is the relationship between oral and written always a hierarchical one? Does the textualization of the oral destroy, more than it commemorates or preserves, the oral itself? Twelve wide-ranging essays, the majority on contemporary Italian theatre and literature, explore these questions in the most up-to-date account of orality and literacy in modern Italian culture yet produced. With the contributions: Michael Caesar, Marina Spunta- Introduction Michael Caesar- Voice, Vision and Orality: Notes on Reading Adriana Cavarero Arturo Tosi- Histrionic Transgressions: The Dario Fo-Commedia dell'Arte Relationship Revisited Gerardo Guccini- Le poetiche del 'teatro narrazione' fra 'scrittura oralizzante' e oralita-che-si-fa-testo Richard Andrews- Composing, Reciting, Inscribing and Transcribing Playtexts in the Community Theatre of Monticchiello David Forgacs- An Oral Renarration of a Photoromance, 1960 Alessandra Broccolini- Identita locali e giochi popolari in Italia tra oralita e scrittura Marina Spunta- The Facets of Italian Orality: An Overview of the Recent Debate Kate Litherland- Literature and Youth in the 1990s: Orality and the Written in Tiziano Scarpa's Cos'e questo fracasso? and Caliceti and Mozzi's Quello che ho da dirvi Elena Porciani- Note su oralita e narrazione inattendibile Marco Codebo- Voice and Events in Manlio Calegari's Comunisti e partigiani: Genova 1942-1945 Hanna Serkowska- Oralita o stile? La trasmissione orale e le modalita narrative ne La Storia di Elsa Morante Catherine O'Rawe- Orality, Microhistory and Memory: Gesualdo Bufalino and Claudio Magris between Narrative and History
The poetic is an abiding yet elusive qualification within the discursive system of twentieth-century French literature. No longer amenable to formal assignment, its recurrences delimit a shifting, multi-layered practice of artistic and intellectual (self-) invention. This study attempts to outline certain durable properties of that practice by confronting it with the complex theoretical and spatial metaphor of utopia. Drawing, in particular, upon the oeuvres of Victor Segalen (1878-1919), Rene Daumal (1908-44) and Yves Bonnefoy (b. 1923), it traces poetic work - work done in support of poetic difference - along the social, physical and textual axes of what is argued to be a sustained and radically inclusive utopian practice within the literary field. The complex utopian quality of poetic work is linked to the cultural persistence of the poetic as a simple attribute within literary practice. In uncovering this link, the study encourages revised understandings of both the poetic and the utopian in the modern French literary context.
From the Rif War to the rebellion of 1958, the Berbers (Imazighen) have played a central role in the history of Moroccan resistance to colonialism in the twentieth century. This book provides an in-depth overview of Berber resistance to the French campaigns of 'Pacification', and the subsequent struggle over Berber identity in the independence era. Deeply steeped in Berber history and culture, the author traces the major and minor engagements between French forces and the Berbers in revealing detail, using previously unavailable sources. Relying on a wealth of oral sources and extensive field work, it provides the most complete history to date of one of the most important Berber communities in North Africa.
Comprehensive dictionary of acronyms and abbreviations of institutions and organizations / Großes Wörterbuch der Akronyme und ... und Organisationen: Pd - Soz: Volume 6.
This book examines the journalistic coverage and challenges during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, what some have called World War Zero. The authors explore how Japan delayed and regulated correspondents so they could do no harm to the nation's ambitions at home or abroad and implemented methods of shaping the news. They argue Japan helped to shape the modern world of journalism by creating and packaging "truth.
The healthcare field is rapidly evolving, compelled by technological strides, pressure to increase efficiency, and demand to contain costs. Pharmacy and the U.S. Health Care System, Third Edition is the classic text used to prepare pharmacists for independent practice in today's unpredictable environment since the first edition was published in 1991. This new edition is now streamlined and tailored for a one-semester course, completely updated with the most recent data, statistics, and emerging issues relevant to today's pharmacy professional, with new chapters devoted to the political realities of the industry and the future of pharmacy.
Approximately 75 percent of all fungi that have been described to date belong to the phylum Ascomycota. They are usually referred to as Ascomycetes and are commonly found and collected by mushroom enthusiasts. Ascomycetes exhibit a remarkable range of biodiversity, are beautiful and visually complex, and some, including morels and truffles, are highly prized for their edibility. Many play significant roles in plant ecology because of the mycorrhizal associations that they form. Thus it is remarkable that no book dedicated to describing and illustrating the North American Ascomycetes has been published in over sixty years. Filling the gap between technical publications and the limited representation of Ascomycetes in general mushroom field guides, Ascomycete Fungi of North America is a scientifically accurate work dedicated to this significant group of fungi. Because it is impossible to describe and illustrate the tens of thousands of species that occur in North America, the authors focus on species found in the continental United States and Canada that are large enough to be readily noticeable to mycologists, naturalists, photographers, and mushroom hunters. They provide 843 color photographs and more than 600 described species, many of which are illustrated in color for the first time. While emphasizing macroscopic field identification characteristics for a general audience, the authors also include microscopic and other advanced information useful to students and professional mycologists. In addition, a color key to the species described in this book offers a visual guide to assist in the identification process.
Louis Mandrin led a gang of bandits who brazenly smuggled contraband into eighteenth-century France. Michael Kwass brings new life to the legend of this Gallic Robin Hood, exposing the dark side of early modern globalization. Decades later, the memory of Mandrin inspired ordinary subjects and Enlightened philosophers alike to challenge royal power.
This monograph presents a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus Baconia Lewis (Histeridae: Histerinae: Exosternini). Previously, Baconia contained 27 species. We move four species into Baconia from other genera, and describe 85 species as new, bringing the total to 116 species. Identification keys are presented to allow identification of all the species, and most species are illustrated by color photographs and drawings of diagnostic characteristics. The species mainly occur in the Neotropical region. But several species are known from the U.S., and there are even species occurring in eastern and southeastern Asia. Many of the species of Baconia exhibit brilliant metallic coloration, a feature of as yet unknown significance. Many are also strongly flat-tened, an adaptation for a life under the bark of dead trees, where they are believed mainly to prey on bark beetles and their larvae.
Offers some theoretical innovations in teaching foreign languages and reports how they have been applied to curriculum development and experimental courses at the upper secondary and college levels. Approaches language learning as comprising several dimensions, including grammatical competence, change in attitudes, learning about another culture, and reflecting on one's own. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
The history of 18th century Iran has been neglected but is vital for understanding contemporary Iran, and is a fascinating drama in its own right. This book presents contributions from the leading experts on this period worldwide, and is a major advance in this important area of Iranian Studies.
A small, mysterious, and isolated mountain range juts up in the center of the flat farmlands of California's sprawling Sacramento Valley. Fifty-thousand travelers pass through the valley every day along Interstate 5 and Highway 99 or overhead by air, noticing the unusual formation and wondering about it. It is the Sutter Buttes. To nearby native peoples it was, and still is, revered as Spirit Mountain. It provoked the curiosity of the first explorers and trappers who sought the promontory for its panoramic strategic value. Later researchers and educators were also drawn to the site to further their understanding of the natural world. Productive farmland around the scenic peaks brought many settlers to "Butte Mountain." Today those who live and work in and around the Buttes feel a deep connection to the landscape. Many of their family histories are featured here, revealing a ranching and farming heritage that has been handed down for generations over the past 150 years, preserving this landmark from development. Most of the Sutter Buttes remain a vestige of California's past.
Salt tectonics is the study of how and why salt structures evolve and the three-dimensional forms that result. A fascinating branch of geology in itself, salt tectonics is also vitally important to the petroleum industry. Covering the entire scale from the microscopic to the continental, this textbook is an unrivalled consolidation of all topics related to salt tectonics: evaporite deposition and flow, salt structures, salt systems, and practical applications. Coverage of the principles of salt tectonics is supported by more than 600 color illustrations, including 200 seismic images captured by state-of-the-art geophysical techniques and tectonic models from the Applied Geodynamics Laboratory at the University of Texas, Austin. These combine to provide a cohesive and wide-ranging insight into this extremely visual subject. This is the definitive practical handbook for professional geologists and geophysicists in the petroleum industry, an invaluable textbook for graduate students, and a reference textbook for researchers in various geoscience fields.
Mammals of Africa (MoA) is a series of six volumes which describes, in detail, every currently recognized species of African land mammal. This is the first time that such extensive coverage has ever been attempted, and the volumes incorporate the very latest information and detailed discussion of the morphology, distribution, biology and evolution (including reference to fossil and molecular data) of Africa's mammals. With 1,160 species and 16 orders, Africa has the greatest diversity and abundance of mammals in the world. The reasons for this and the mechanisms behind their evolution are given special attention in the series. Each volume follows the same format, with detailed profiles of every species and higher taxa. The series includes some 660 colour illustrations by Jonathan Kingdon and his many drawings highlight details of morphology and behaviour of the species concerned. Diagrams, schematic details and line drawings of skulls and jaws are by Jonathan Kingdon and Meredith Happold. Every species also includes a detailed distribution map. Extensive references alert readers to more detailed information. Volume I: Introductory Chapters and Afrotheria (352 pages) Volume II: Primates (560 pages) Volume III: Rodents, Hares and Rabbits (784 pages) Volume IV: Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats (800 pages) Volume V: Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses (560 pages) Volume VI: Pigs, Hippopotamuses, Chevrotain, Giraffes, Deer and Bovids (704 pages)
Much of Franz Liszt's musical legacy has often been dismissed as 'trivial’ or 'merely showy,' more or less peripheral contributions to nineteenth-century European culture. But Liszt was a mainstream composer in ways most of his critics have failed to acknowledge; he was also an incessant and often extremely successful innovator. Liszt's mastery of fantasy and sonata traditions, his painstaking settings of texts ranging from erotic verse to portions of the Catholic liturgy, and the remarkable self-awareness he demonstrated even in many of his most 'entertaining' pieces: all these things stamp him not only as a master of Romanticism and an early Impressionist, but as a precursor of Postmodern 'pop.' Liszt's Music places Liszt in historical and cultural focus. At the same time, it examines his principal contributions to musical literature -- from his earliest operatic paraphrases to his final explorations of harmonic and formal possibilities. Liszt's compositional methods, including his penchant for revision, problems associated with early editions of some of his works, and certain aspects of class and gender issues are also discussed. The first book-length assessment of Liszt as composer since Humphrey Searle’s 1956 volume, Liszt's Music is illustrated with well over 100 musical examples.
This multi-disciplinary account of the fate of ancient monuments and technologies in Asia Minor studies the processes and their results with the help of archaeology, history, construction engineering, and travel documentation. To clarify changes, their causes and repercussions, it compares infrastructure engineering (transportation, water management, utilitarian architecture) in antiquity with developments over the past 200 years, using the accounts of European travellers and then of excavations. It analyses patterns of and reasons for the deterioration of material life, documenting the perceptions and understanding of Roman antiquities and engineering by populations living amidst ancient Roman art and architecture, roads, and aqueducts. These are complemented by travellers' accounts of the myriad aspects of the plundering of archaeological sites and antiquities.
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