The question of economic justice for Black Americans remains unresolved and continues to be the subject of contentious political debate. In Unjust Restitution, Michael K. Brown examines the meaning of racial equality during three transformative periods in American history, when significant changes to economic status and opportunity appeared to be a real possibility in the US: Reconstruction, the New Deal, and the Great Society. Political leaders believed slavery and Jim Crow degraded Black people and enacted policies to rehabilitate formerly subjugated individuals. Black Americans challenged this conception and repudiated the idea that they were damaged people in need of repair. Repeatedly, Black people's vision of economic justice was based on anti-privilege egalitarianism, the idea that a just restitution for their oppression required abolishing the political and legal privileges whites had acquired. Black opposition reveals what was at stake at each historical moment and what might constitute economic justice in the twenty-first century. Equality of opportunity can be a just restitution for continuing durable racial inequality only if it changes the structure of people's economic opportunities"--
From Malcolm X to the Wu Tang Clan, the first in-depth account of this fascinating black power movement With a cast of characters ranging from Malcolm X to 50 Cent, Knight’s compelling work is the first detailed account of the movement inextricably linked with black empowerment, Islam, New York, and hip-hop. Whether discussing the stars of Five Percenter rap or 1980s crack empires, this fast-paced investigation uncovers the community’s icons and heritage, and examines its growing influence in urban American youth culture.
In Bad Boy, renowned American artist Eric Fischl has written a penetrating, often searing exploration of his coming of age as an artist, and his search for a fresh narrative style in the highly charged and competitive New York art world in the 1970s and 1980s. With such notorious and controversial paintings as Bad Boy and Sleepwalker, Fischl joined the front ranks of America artists, in a high-octane downtown art scene that included Andy Warhol, David Salle, Julian Schnabel, and others. It was a world of fashion, fame, cocaine and alcohol that for a time threatened to undermine all that Fischl had achieved. In an extraordinarily candid and revealing memoir, Fischl discusses the impact of his dysfunctional family on his art—his mother, an imaginative and tragic woman, was an alcoholic who ultimately took her own life. Following his years as a student at Cal Arts and teaching in Nova Scotia, he describes his early years in New York with the artist April Gornik, just as Wall Street money begins to encroach on the old gallery system and change the economics of the art world. Fischl rebelled against the conceptual and minimalist art that was in fashion at the time to paint compelling portraits of everyday people that captured the unspoken tensions in their lives. Still in his thirties, Eric became the subject of a major Vanity Fair interview, his canvases sold for as much as a million dollars, and The Whitney Museum mounted a major retrospective of his paintings. Bad Boy follows Fischl’s maturation both as an artist and sculptor, and his inevitable fall from grace as a new generation of artists takes center stage, and he is forced to grapple with his legacy and place among museums and collectors. Beautifully written, and as courageously revealing as his most provocative paintings, Bad Boy takes the reader on a roller coaster ride through the passion and politics of the art world as it has rarely been seen before.
A definitive volume on the election of United States governors during the Civil War, Reconstruction, and Industrialization periods, this book provides election results of the gubernatorial races from 1861 to 1911. It offers the reader both state and county-level voting details of the highest directly elected office in the nation. The returns are presented in two parts. The first section provides an annual summary of gubernatorial votes by year, organized alphabetically by state. The second section provides returns by county for each election. Wherever possible, the data included is based on official election returns, and the book includes bibliographic sources for each covered election.
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