Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major and increasing burden on families, communities, and national health budgets. Despite intensive and extended research, there is still widespread debate about its cause(s), and no effective treatments exist. Familial (inherited, mainly early onset) and sporadic (mainly late onset) forms of the disease exist, and it is uncertain to what extent they are related. Transgenic mouse models have dominated the investigation of this disease, but their validity can be questioned. Numerous alternative models exist that can provide valuable information on the molecular and cellular basis of AD. In this chapter, we review the various invertebrate, nonmammalian vertebrate, and mammalian models and how these have been used to investigate this disease. We examine the strengths and weaknesses of these various model systems. Of course, animal models never completely reflect the true nature of a human disease, but progress in understanding and finding preventative and ameliorative treatments for AD is hindered by the lack of a convincing hypothesis for the cause of this complex condition.
An up-to-date exploration of the properties and most recent applications of liquid metals In Liquid Metal: Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications, a pair of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of liquid metals with a strong focus on their structure and physicochemical properties, preparation methods, and tuning strategies. The book also illustrates the applications of liquid metals in fields as varied as mediated synthesis, 3D printing, flexible electronics, biomedicine, energy storage, and energy conversion. The authors include coverage of reactive mediums for synthesizing and assembling nanomaterials and direct-writing electronics, and the book offers access to supplementary video materials to highlight the concepts discussed within. Recent advancements in the field of liquid metals are also discussed, as are new opportunities for research and development in this rapidly developing area. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of liquid metal, including a history of its discovery, its structure and physical properties, and its preparation Comprehensive explorations of the external field tuning of liquid metal, including electrical, magnetic, and chemical tuning Practical discussions of liquid metal as a new reaction medium, including nanomaterial synthesis and alloy preparation In-depth examinations of constructing techniques of liquid metal-based architectures, including injection, imprinting, and mask-assisted depositing Perfect for materials scientists, electrochemists, and catalytic chemists, Liquid Metal: Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications also belongs in the libraries of inorganic chemists, electronics engineers, and biochemists.
This book explores the impacts of important material parameters on the electrical properties of indium arsenide (InAs) nanowires, which offer a promising channel material for low-power electronic devices due to their small bandgap and high electron mobility. Smaller diameter nanowires are needed in order to scale down electronic devices and improve their performance. However, to date the properties of thin InAs nanowires and their sensitivity to various factors were not known. The book presents the first study of ultrathin InAs nanowires with diameters below 10 nm are studied, for the first time, establishing the channel in field-effect transistors (FETs) and the correlation between nanowire diameter and device performance. Moreover, it develops a novel method for directly correlating the atomic-level structure with the properties of individual nanowires and their device performance. Using this method, the electronic properties of InAs nanowires and the performance of the FETs they are used in are found to change with the crystal phases (wurtzite, zinc-blend or a mix phase), the axis direction and the growth method. These findings deepen our understanding of InAs nanowires and provide a potential way to tailor device performance by controlling the relevant parameters of the nanowires and devices.
The paper builds a unique industry-level dataset by combining Mexico’s nationally sourced inputoutput data (INEGI) with cross-country sources (WIOD, UN Comtrade). Using this dataset to exploit higher supply linkages across a larger number of industries than what is available in cross-country sources, the paper estimates the trade diversion effect on Mexico’s exports to the U.S. from two episodes, with a focus on the first: the U.S.-China trade tension in 2018 and the U.S. sanctions on Russia in 2014. Difference-in-differences, local projections and few other empirical methodologies are used. For the first episode, the paper finds higher trade diversion effects than estimates in literature. Output tariff plays an important role, and there is some evidence of a positive impact through downstream tariffs. The effects are stronger when nationally sourced input-output data is used compared to those derived from cross-country sources. Importantly, the magnitude of trade diversion across industries does not depend on Mexico’s industry-level trade exposure to the U.S., but rather on the U.S. tariff changes on Chinese goods, the decrease in imports from China, product substitutability with Chinese products, and (weakly) on Mexico’s GVC integration. Similarly, for the second episode, the paper finds positive trade diversion effects. Overall, the findings suggest that trade diversion effect might be higher than previously thought and the proper accounting of dataset and supply linkages makes a difference.
This book presents a novel framework design for the next generation Marine Wireless Communication Networks (MWCNs). The authors first provide an overview of MWCNs, followed by a discussion of challenges in the design and development of MWCNs in support of a diversity of marine services such as real-time marine monitoring, offshore oil exploration, drilling, marine tourism and fishing. The authors then propose cross layer networking solutions to achieve a high performance modern MWCN that enables efficient and reliable data transmissions under hostile marine environment, which include the network deployment, the physical layer channel coding, intelligent network access and resource management, and learning-based opportunistic routing. Finally, the authors summarize the book and present some open issues that will lead to new research directions in the next generation MWCNs.
Have you tried using an "automated" GUI testing tool, only to find that you spent most of your time configuring, adjusting, and directing it? This book presents a sensible and highly effective alternative: it teaches you to build and use your own truly automated tool. The procedure you'll learn is suitable for virtually any development environment, and the tool allows you to store your test data and verification standard separately, so you can build it once and use it for other GUIs. Most, if not all, of your work can be done without test scripts, because the tool itself can easily be made to conduct an automatic GUI survey, collect test data, and generate test cases. You'll spend virtually none of your time playing with the tool or application under test. Code-intensive examples support all of the book's instruction, which includes these key topics: Building a C# API text viewer Building a test monkey Developing an XML viewer using xPath and other XML-related classes Building complex, serializable classes for GUI test verification Automatically testing executable GUI applications and user-defined GUI controls Testing managed (.NET) and unmanaged GUI applications Automatically testing different GUI controls, including Label, TextBox, Button, CheckBox, RadioButton, Menu Verifying test results Effective GUI Test Automation is the perfect complement to Li and Wu's previous book, Effective Software Test Automation: Developing an Automated Software Testing Tool. Together, they provide programmers, testers, designers, and managers with a complete and cohesive way to create a smoother, swifter development process—and, as a result, software that is as bug-free as possible.
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