The book is a comprehensive compilation of applied knowledge for developing resistant varieties to all the major biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs pathogens of crucifers through the use of latest biotechnological approaches. The book includes, multi-component resistance, incorporation of non-host resistance gene, function of particular gene in resistance, expression of age related resistance, enhanced gene resistance, sources of alternative gene which enhance disease resistance, through the use of latest biotechnical approaches like proteomics, omics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. The book also explores the molecular basis of disease resistance, its biometabolomics activities in response to infection and interaction by the various biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs pathogens. The identification of R genes and its incorporation into agronomically superior varieties through use of molecular mechanisms is also explained. This compilation is immensely useful to the researchers especially Brassica breeders, teachers, extension specialists, students, industrialists, farmers, and all others who are interested to grow healthy, and profitable cruciferous crops all over the world.
The book presents comprehensive information on fundamental, and applied knowledge for developing varieties resistant individually as well as to all the major pathogens of crucifers, such as Albugo, Alternaria, Erysiphe, Hyaloperonospora, Plasmodiophora, Leptosphaeria, Sclerotinia, Turnip mosaic virus, Verticillium, and Xanthomonas through the use of latest biotechnological approaches including identification of R genes and their incorporation into agronomically superior varieties. The chapters include the information’s viz., principles of host resistance, identification of R-genes sources, inheritance of disease resistance, host resistance signaling network system to multiple stresses. The book also covers transfer of disease resistance, and management of disease resistance. Standardized, reproducible techniques are also included for the researchers of cruciferous crops for developing resistant cultivars. The book deals with the gaps in understanding, knowledge of genomics, and offers suggestions for future research priorities in order to initiate the advance research on disease resistance. This book is immensely useful to the researchers especially Brassica breeders, teachers, extension specialists, students, industrialists, farmers, and all others who are interested to grow healthy, and profitable cruciferous crops all over the world.
Intended as a text for the postgraduate students of political science, this well-researched book attempts to track the evolution of political ideas in the recent past and their background. It brings out the contemporary epistemological and methodological debates within the discipline and social sciences as a whole, and incorporates the latest developments in the field. Divided into forty chapters under eleven parts, the book deals with the core concepts and debates in political theory, and focuses on the state-society interactions. It tries to explain how the states, societies and cultures have responded to the emerging challenges thrown up by the social, economic and political factors, and the direction of the response. It also dwells on the impact of globalisation on current trends. Finally, the book analyses the ideas of modern Indian thinkers such as V.D. Savarkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, Ram Manohar Lohia, B.R. Ambedkar and Jayaprakash Narayan. Besides the postgraduate students of political science, the book would also be useful to the aspirants of civil services examinations and the initiated readers.
The book reviews key developments in downy mildew research, including the disease, its distribution, symptomatology, host range, yield losses, and disease assessment; the pathogen, its taxonomy, morphology, phylogeny, variability, sporulation, survival and perpetuation, spore germination, infection, pathogenesis, seed infection, disease cycle, epidemiology, forecasting, and fine structures. The book also elaborates the mechanisms of host resistance (biochemical, histological, genetic, and molecular, including cloning and the mapping of R-genes), disease resistance breeding strategies, and the genetics of host-parasite interactions. It explores disease management based on cultural, chemical, biological, host resistance, and integrated approaches; and provides suggestions for future research areas. This book offers a comprehensive guide to an economically important disease, reviewing in detail the extant body of literature. Divided into 16 chapters, each of which includes a wealth of photographs, graphs, histograms, tables, figures, flow charts, micrographs etc., it represents an invaluable source of information for all researchers, teachers, students, industrialists, farmers, policymakers, and all others who are interested in growing healthy and profitable cruciferous crops all over the world.
The book promotes the study and application of the agro-ecology for developing alternatives to the complex problems of resource depletion, environmental degradation, a narrowing of the agrobiodiversity, consolidation, and industrialization of the food system, climate change, and the loss of farmland. This book covers food systems approaches, and seek experiences in an ecofriendly that are on-farm, participatory, change-oriented, and backed by broad-based methodologies for sustainability analysis and evaluation. The objectives of this book are: (1) to understand the role sustainable agricultural productivity, and its importance to the sustainable soil management, (2) to restore the soil health to transforming agriculture for sustainability, and (3) to understand the matching of management rules in the climatic perspective.
India has a long past civilization and in every stage of its history, women constitute half of its population, but their position in society is not the same in all the ages of history. Their position has been variously estimated and diametrically opposite views are expressed regarding their place in different stages of Indian civilization (Parmar, 1973). Several factors including foreign invasions for centuries together, social movements, various geographic regions, different economic occupations, political stability and instability and religious affinity of the family to which woman belongs have always greatly influenced her status in the family as well as in the community (Gaur, 1980).
Present world is witnessing drastic changes harshly impacting its bio-resources (plants, animals and organisms) that are considered as natural gift for our livelihood. Global warming, climate change, abiotic and biotic stresses are strangling and challenging the survivability of these resources. It is therefore crucial to manage these resources for making planet Earth more suitable to live. Moreover, there is an utter need to know how climate dynamic and biotic or abiotic factors are influencing on bio-resources and also to frame its sustainable management strategies. This book is the output of the research deliberations at 3rd International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management, India; and expert views on contemporary research and management issues in relation to bio-resources and its management. This timely needed uniquely written reference book consists of 29 well-crafted chapters on sustainable land, water and crop management, organic agriculture, climate change and crop productivity, stress management, bio-resource conservation, bio-fortification for nutritional security, agro-techniques, agro-forestry and forest resource management and waste management etc. which certainly will be of great use by the scientists, academician, researches, scholars, students, extension workers, corporate and NGO’s working in these aspects.
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2018 in the subject Agrarian Studies, , language: English, abstract: A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Niche Area Excellence Farm, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner to study the effect of irrigation levels, crop geometry and mulch on growth, yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) grown under drip system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of four irrigation levels viz. 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 ETc in the main plot, three crop geometry viz. normal sowing at 50 cm row spacing, paired row sowing at 60 cm x 40 cm and paired row sowing at 30 cm x 70 cm in the sub-plot and two mulch viz. no mulch and plastic mulch in the sub-sub plot. The soil was poor in organic carbon (0.10%), available nitrogen content (85.31 kg ha-1), medium in phosphorus (19.4 kg ha-1) and potassium (315.2 kg ha-1) content and saline in reaction pH (8.34). Fennel variety RF-101 with seed rate of 10 kg ha-1 was grown following the recommended package of practices for zone- IC (hyper arid partially irrigated western plain zone). The results revealed that growth, yield and quality of fennel were significantly influenced by different irrigation levels, crop geometry as well as mulch. Pooled mean results showed that irrigation at 1.0 ETc gave the highest plant height, dry matter accumulation at 40, 70, 100 DAS and harvest, branches plant-1, chlorophyll content of leaves at 75 DAS. However, irrigation at 0.8 ETc increased root parameters viz., fresh weight of root per plant, root dry weight per plant, root volume and root: shoot ratio recorded at 100 DAS. Irrigation level of 1.0 ETc recorded highest number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellates umbel-1, number of seeds umbel-1, test weight, seed yield (1714 kg ha-1), stover yield (3168 kg ha-1), biological yield (4851 kg ha-1), nitrogen content and uptake, oil yield, protein content, relative water content, net return (104988 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.58), but all these parameters were at par with 0.8 ETc. However, water use efficiency (5.48 kg ha-1 mm-1) was highest at 0.6 ETc irrigation level. Results further revealed that irrigation level 0.8 ETc recorded significantly higher seed yield by 78.01 and 10.35%, stover yield by 29.09 and 6.11% and biological yield by 42.89 and 7.56% over 0.4 and 0.6 ETc irrigation levels, respectively.
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