Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered one-dimensional systems that possess fascinating electronic, chemical and mechanical properties. They exhibit metallic or semiconducting behavior depending on the nanotube diameter and chirality, and they are ultrarobust and lightweight. Moreover, their surface can be chemically activated thus being able to establish different types of bonds between the carbon nanotube surface and a large number of chemical species; for instance, they could be introduced into a polymeric matrix improving its mechanical or electronic properties. In addition, CNTs are able to host different species in their hollow core, such as ferromagnetic clusters, molecules, and gases. Nowadays, synthesis techniques have achieved control of the length and diameter of CNTs, which constitutes a step forward toward applications. In this chapter, we address the issue of using CNTs as fundamental building blocks for constructing three-dimensional (3D) networks. Here, we present a review of the experimental and theoretical investigations on the formation of 3D networks using CNTs as the main component. In addition, the latest advances on the synthesis and characterization of different carbon nanostructures involving CNTs such as branches, junctions and foams are discussed.
Nanocarbon-Inorganic Hybrids is dedicated exclusively to the new family of functional materials, covering a multidisciplinary research field that combines materials science, chemistry and physics with nanotechnology and applied energy science. It provides a concise introduction into fundamental principles of nanocarbons, defines hybrids and composites, explains the physics behind sustainability, and illustrates requirements for successful implementation in energy applications. It further reviews the current research on developing concepts for designing nanocarbon hybrids, unravels mechanistic details of interfacial electron transfer processes and highlights future challenges and perspectives associated with exploiting these exciting new materials in commercial energy applications and beyond. This comprehensively written book is indispensable for Master and PhD students seeking to become familiar with a modern fi eld of knowledge-driven material science as well as for senior researchers and industrial staff scientists who explore the frontiers of knowledge.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered one-dimensional systems that possess fascinating electronic, chemical and mechanical properties. They exhibit metallic or semiconducting behavior depending on the nanotube diameter and chirality, and they are ultrarobust and lightweight. Moreover, their surface can be chemically activated thus being able to establish different types of bonds between the carbon nanotube surface and a large number of chemical species; for instance, they could be introduced into a polymeric matrix improving its mechanical or electronic properties. In addition, CNTs are able to host different species in their hollow core, such as ferromagnetic clusters, molecules, and gases. Nowadays, synthesis techniques have achieved control of the length and diameter of CNTs, which constitutes a step forward toward applications. In this chapter, we address the issue of using CNTs as fundamental building blocks for constructing three-dimensional (3D) networks. Here, we present a review of the experimental and theoretical investigations on the formation of 3D networks using CNTs as the main component. In addition, the latest advances on the synthesis and characterization of different carbon nanostructures involving CNTs such as branches, junctions and foams are discussed.
This paper offers an empirical model of the drivers of the level of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) that is now part of the IMF’s methodology for the assessment of external positions, including exchange rates. It constructs a measure of the level of the REER and it offers a panel regression that considers a large number of cross-sectional and time varying factors, guided by the extensive literature. Its main contribution is to enhance our understanding of the cross-sectional determinants of the level of the REER, while taking into account the time-series drivers. The framework accounts for the much larger cross-sectional variation of the level REER, and can better explain the time series variation of level REER when these are based on GDP-deflators rather than on consumer price indices. The latter suggest there may be merits to broadening the assessments to include such measures, although further analysis is required.
With some of the most significant levels of financial dollarization in the Western Hemisphere, Uruguay is characterized by extensive dollarization in both deposits and loans. While traditional factors like high inflation and substantial devaluations have been associated with such outcome, the enduring nature of dollarization in Uruguay also underscores the importance of structural elements. In formulating a holistic strategy to reduce dollarization, not only should there be an enhancement of the monetary policy framework aimed at maintaining low, stable inflation, but it should also consider the calibration of prudential policies such as currency-differentiated reserve requirements and foreign-currency credit repos.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.