Maung Tin's Books

Burma’s Constitution

By: Maung Maung

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This is an attempt to study and interpret the Constitution of the Union of Burma which has now passed its tenth year. A constitution read outside the context of constitutional history is incomplete, and I have, therefore, tried to trace the developments which culminated in the constitution; then study its important features with reference, where necessary, to the background in which they took shape and form; and, while studying how the constitution has been working, touch lightly on contemporary events and trends. It is a vast canvas I am trying to cover and what I am able to draw on it would inevitably be sketchy. But I do not write as a historian whose focus is on detail in a narrow area. Rather, having dug and gathered the facts, I trace their sweep in history. The details I willingly and happily leave to the historians, hoping only that my study will be of some use to them, if only as a target for their learned criticism. Some of the events and people I describe are still too near, and a clear perspective is therefore difficult. What is nearest appears biggest, and I often find it tempting to see and accept that Burma's history as a new independent nation began with the students' strike of 1936 or the resistance movement during the Second World War.

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349

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

9401188904

ISBN 13

9789401188906

Wartime in Burma

A Diary, January to June 1942

By: Theippan Maung Wa

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Wartime in Burma

A Diary, January to June 1942

By: Theippan Maung Wa

This diary, begun after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and covering the invasion of Burma up to June 1942, is a moving account of the dilemmas faced by the well-loved and prolific Burmese author Theippan Maung Wa (a pseudonym of U Sein Tin) and his family. At the time of the Japanese invasion, U Sein Tin was deputy secretary in the Ministry of Home and Defense Affairs. An Oxford-trained member of the Indian Civil Service, working for the British administration on the eve of the invasion, he lived with his wife and three small children in Rangoon. Wartime in Burma is a stirring memoir that presents a personal account of U Sein Tin’s feelings about the war, his anxiety for the safety of his family, the bombing of Rangoon, and what happened to them during the next six chaotic months of the British retreat. The author and his family leave Rangoon to live in a remote forest in Upper Burma with several other Burmese civil servants, their staff, and valuable possessions—rich pickings for robbers. His diary ends abruptly on June 5, his forty-second birthday; U Sein Tin was murdered on June 6 by a gang of Burmese bandits. The diary pages, scattered on the floor of the house, were rescued by his wife and eventually published in Burma in 1966. What survives is a unique account that shines new light on the military retreat from Burma.

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241

Publisher

Ohio University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0896804712

ISBN 13

9780896804715

Prisms on the Golden Pagoda

Perspectives on National Reconciliation in Myanmar

By: Thamarr Taman,U Shwe Ohn,Widura Thakin Chit Maung,Robert H. Taylor,Derek Tonkin,Lian H. Sakhong

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Prisms on the Golden Pagoda

Perspectives on National Reconciliation in Myanmar

By: Thamarr Taman,U Shwe Ohn,Widura Thakin Chit Maung,Robert H. Taylor,Derek Tonkin,Lian H. Sakhong

Just as the prismatic effects of glass mosaics or mirrors produce the spectrums of colour that give Myanmar’s pagodas their glittering iridescence, Prisms on the Golden Pagoda offers a spectrum of views on the country’s national reconciliation process. Because many of Myanmar’s outlying ethnic groups straddle the country’s borders with neighbouring countries in South and Southeast Asia and with China, the outcome of this process is crucial not only for the country’s current domestic liberalization but also for regional geopolitics. The editor of this volume, Kyaw Yin Hlaing is a US-trained academic who currently serves as an advisor to Myanmar's President. He has assembled contributions from veteran activists such as the Shan leader U Shwe Ohn, the Chin politician Lian H. Sakhong, Widura Thakin Chit Maung, once leader of Burma's "Red Socialists", and Thamarr Taman, formerly a senior civil servant. Commentary by the editor, and by Robert H Taylor and British diplomat-turned activist Derek Tonkin, explains the context and significance of these materials. By showing how the national reconciliation effort has been viewed inside the country, the contributors provide an important insider’s perspective on Myanmar’s difficult legacies of violence and separatism.

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270

Publisher

NUS Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

9971696363

ISBN 13

9789971696368

Building the Tatmadaw

Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948

By: Maung Aung Myoe

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Building the Tatmadaw

Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948

By: Maung Aung Myoe

Ever since Myanmar regained her independence in January 1948, the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) has been crucial in restoring and maintaining law and order. It is one of the most important institutions in Myanmar politics. Various aspects of the Tatmadaw have been studied. The most notable area of study has been the political role of the military. This study looks at the organizational development of the Myanmar armed forces. It analyses four different aspects of the Tatmadaw: military doctrine and strategy, organization and force structure, armament and force modernization, and military training and officer education. It sets out security perceptions and policies, charting developments in each phase against the situation at the time, and also notes the contributions of the leading actors in the process. Since early 1990s, the Tatmadaw has implemented a force modernization programme. This work studies rationales and strategy behind the force modernization programme and examines the military capabilities of the Tatmadaw. Drawing extensively from archival sources and existing literature, this empirically grounded research argues that, while the internal armed security threat to the state continues to play an important role, it is the external security threat that gives more weight to the expansion and modernization of the Tatmadaw since 1988. It also argues that, despite its imperfections, the Tatmadaw has transformed from a force essentially for counter-insurgency operations into a force capable of fighting in limited conventional warfare.

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271

Publisher

Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

Published Date

ISBN 10

9812308482

ISBN 13

9789812308481

In the Name of Pauk-Phaw

Myanmar's China Policy Since 1948

By: Maung Aung Myoe

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In the Name of Pauk-Phaw

Myanmar's China Policy Since 1948

By: Maung Aung Myoe

Since its independence in January 1948, Myanmar has tried to find a way to deal with (at one time) ideologically hostile and traditionally chauvinistic China which has pursued a foreign policy aimed at restoring its perceived influence in Myanmar. To counter China's attempts to influence Myanmar's foreign policy options has always been a challenge for the Myanmar government. Since the 1950s, successive Myanmar governments have realized that Myanmar's bilateral relations with the People's Republic of China should best be conducted in the context of promoting the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, the Bandung spirit and the Pauk-Phaw (kinsfolk) friendship. The term Pauk-Phaw is exclusively devoted to denote the special nature of the Sino-Myanmar relationship. This work argues that Myanmar's relationship with China is asymmetric but Myanmar skilfully plays the "China Card" and it enjoys considerable space in its conduct of foreign relations. So long as both sides fulfill the obligations that come under "Pauk-Phaw" friendship, the relationship will remain smooth. Myanmar has constantly repositioned her relations with China to her best advantage. Myanmar's China policy has always been placed somewhere in between balancing and bandwagoning, and the juxtaposition of accommodating China's regional strategic interests and resisting Chinese influence and interference in Myanmar's internal affairs has been a hallmark of Myanmar's China policy. This is likely to remain unchanged.

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255

Publisher

Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

Published Date

ISBN 10

9814345172

ISBN 13

9789814345170

A Trial in Burma

The Assassination of Aung San

By: Maung Maung

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A Trial in Burma

The Assassination of Aung San

By: Maung Maung

Crime does not pay, and politics by assassination pays even less. That is perhaps the one sharp lesson which stands out from the trial of U Saw and his men for the murder of Bogyoke Aung San and his colleagues. The trial is a historie one, and the murders undoubtedly altered the course of Burma' s modem history. I present the judgement of the Special Tribunal in full and the story of the assassinations for the record, in the hope that they will serve historians and our peoples in Burma in several ways. Mr. ]ustice Mya Thein of the High Court gave me the records which he compiled of the trial while serving on the prosecution. That was a few years ago, and I have, since then, wanted to edit and publish a book of the trial. Dr. Myint Thein, Chief ]ustice of the Union, also gave his file of the records to the Defence Services Historical Research Institute, and I was able to check and compare the papers. To both I owe and sincerely acknow ledge thanks. I am also grateful to Mr. ]ustice Aung Tha Gyaw of the Supreme Court who answered my questions with kindness and courtesy, and to U Kyaw Soe, Director of Information, and his staff, who dug up the pictures which are published in this book.

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135

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

9401504571

ISBN 13

9789401504577

Behind The Teak Curtain

Authoritarianism, Agricultural Policies and Political Legitimacy in Rural Burma/Myanmar

By: Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung

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Behind The Teak Curtain

Authoritarianism, Agricultural Policies and Political Legitimacy in Rural Burma/Myanmar

By: Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung

First published in 2006. Behind the Teak Curtain, the first fieldwork-based study of Burmese rural politics and development, examines the specific circumstances under which one of the most repressive and authoritative governments in the world enjoys popularity in the countryside. The book analyzes four different agricultural policies that have been implemented under the Burmese military regime since 1978, and examines their consequential and varying impacts on rice farmers' attitudes toward central and local authorities. Behind the Teak Curtain provides first-hand information on Burmese rice farmers' conceptualization of political legitimacy, their political goals and priorities, and their relationships with central government authorities and local officials. This work seeks to challenge conventional studies on Burma, which focus on the behavior and actions of the military elite in Rangoon and treat the military regime as a unitary actor. It will be shown how and why the same autocratic and repressive military leaders who are perceived by a particular sector of the population as illegitimate may, at the same time, be favorably seen and accepted by another group of citizens. Finally, this study draws out the implications of these findings for other authoritarian governments in developing societies. It will demonstrate a more comprehensive foundation of legitimacy in authoritarian countries by highlighting the varying perceptions and attitudes in society toward central government authorities, toward local officials, and the different bases of legitimacy enjoyed by these two different levels of authority. Behind the Teak Curtain will interest anthropologists, sociologists, and historians interested in agrarian communities including peasant culture and political attitudes, particularly those with interest in Burma and Southeast Asia. This book is also targeted at agricultural economists and development theorists who are concerned with agricultural promotion and rural development. It sheds light on the problems inherent in the administrative structure of the military government, and how they hamper effective implementation of agricultural policies. Finally, this project will provide a comparative case study for those who study authoritarian regimes, military governments, and Third World countries.

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Page Count

259

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

113620119X

ISBN 13

9781136201196

State Dominance in Myanmar

The Political Economy of Industrialization

By: Tin Maung Maung Than

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State Dominance in Myanmar

The Political Economy of Industrialization

By: Tin Maung Maung Than

Focuses on the state's efforts to industrialize Myanmar, first through direct intervention and planning under a socialist economic framework as interpreted by the state leaders (1948-88) and lately (1989 onwards) through state-managed outward orientation.

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492

Publisher

Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

Published Date

ISBN 10

9812303715

ISBN 13

9789812303714

When Mountains Melted

The Hidden History of the First Myanmar Empire, Ad 1044–1287

By: Khin Maung Phone Ko

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When Mountains Melted

The Hidden History of the First Myanmar Empire, Ad 1044–1287

By: Khin Maung Phone Ko

The First Myanmar Empire of Bagan has a fascinating hidden history. While many historians claim that Myanmar’s history is Buddhist, the second emperor, King Kyansittah (AD 1040–1113) had faith in Jesus Christ and built the famous Ananda Temple, which is today a famous tourist attraction in the city of Bagan, Myanmar. In When Mountains Melted, author Khin Maung Phone Ko explores the Christian origins of Myanmar’s empire, providing historical evidence that points to a lineage of Christian thought that survived in Bagan for a hundred years, from AD 1085 to 1185. When Mountains Melted also discusses how Bagan’s political ideology was remarkably similar to modern-day democratic systems, and it shows how Myanmar was based on concepts of basic human rights, freedom of worship, freedom of expression, and national defense. Myanmar has a hidden history, and When Mountains Melted reveals the Christian roots of the First Myanmar Empire of Bagan. The hope is that this revealed Christian era of Myanmar’s history can provide the template for a revival in present- day Myanmar—an awakening to democracy, unity, strength, and ministry.

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302

Publisher

Partridge Publishing Singapore

Published Date

ISBN 10

1543746136

ISBN 13

9781543746136

Law and Custom in Burma and the Burmese Family

By: Maung Maung

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Law and Custom in Burma and the Burmese Family

By: Maung Maung

This book, conceived in Rangoon, nourished and delivered at the Yale Law School, attempts to study the customary laws of Burma in the context of the country's legal system. Customary laws govern the affairs of the family mainly while codes and precedents designed and developed on the imported British common law system enjoy exclusive control and authority over the remaining legal relationships in society. This volume looks at the legal system in outline and the customary law of the Bur mese family in some detail. The customary laws of other indigenous groups, such as the Shans, the Kachins, the Chins, the Kayah, the Mon and the Arakanese, also need to be studied, restated and appraised, for though the laws are similar there are shades of differences, and in build ing the Union of Burma it is important to build strongly on the simi larities while giving due respect to the differences. It is, therefore, hoped, that this volume will launch a series of studies on the customary laws of the peoples of Burma in a large context and with high aim. There are many needs for continuing research in the field of custom ary law. One is to discover the customs of the people as they really are, not just what they are presumed to be in early legal treatises or in later judicial decisions.

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198

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

940119257X

ISBN 13

9789401192576

The "Other" Karen in Myanmar

Ethnic Minorities and the Struggle without Arms

By: Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung

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The "Other" Karen in Myanmar

Ethnic Minorities and the Struggle without Arms

By: Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung

The “Other” Karen in Myanmar looks at the “other” or “quiet” minorities, who are members of ethnic groups associated with well-known armed resistance organizations, but who pursued non-violent approaches to promote their individual and collective interests. This is the first in-depth study to uncover the existence and activities of the “other” Karen and analyze the nature of relationships with their “rebel” counterparts and the state authorities. It also discusses other ethnic armed organizations that have experienced similar situations and assesses their implications for inter-ethnic relations, negotiations with state authorities and political reform. Most previous studies have focused on violent aspects of ethnic relations and on ethnic armed organizations, such as the Karen National Union (KNU) in Burma, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MNLF) in the Philippines, and the LTTE in Sri Lanka. However, even among these minorities which are locked in armed conflicts, the majority of people have shunned armed resistance and sought to remain ‘quietly’ beyond the struggle and pursued non-violent approaches to promote their individual and collective interests in the face of authoritarian, governments. This study, which sheds light on the lives and growing political significance of non-armed, non-insurgent members of ethnic minorities in Burma, draws heavily on opinion surveys and open-ended interviews among Karen diaspora (among individuals who lived a minimum of 20 years in Burma), “quiet Karens” who live inside Burma, KNU officials, personnel, and soldiers, and Karen refugees and IDPs who are currently living in Thai-Burma border areas. These interviews, which covered approximately two hundred respondents, have been conducted since 2002. It is mainly directed toward social scientists, historians, humanitarian workers, policy makers, and practitioners, and non-specialist ordinary audience who are interested in Southeast Asian/Burmese politics and society, comparative politics, identity politics, ethnic conflict, social movements, conflict resolution, and political reform.

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233

Publisher

Lexington Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

0739171070

ISBN 13

9780739171073

The Karen Revolution in Burma

Diverse Voices, Uncertain Ends

By: Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung

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The Karen Revolution in Burma

Diverse Voices, Uncertain Ends

By: Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung

This study analyses the various types and stages of conflict that have been experienced by diverse groups and generations of Karen over the six decades of armed conflict between the Karen National Union (KNU) and successive Burmese governments. Instead of focusing on those who are internally displaced, those in the refugee camps on the Thai-Burma border or living abroad, or those in the KNU, it places particular emphasis on the "other" Karen, or the majority segment of the Karen population living inside Burma, a population that has hitherto received little scholarly and journalistic attention. It also assesses the Karen people's varied attitudes toward a number of political organizations that claim to represent their interests, toward successive Burmese military regimes, and toward the political issues that led to the original divide between "accommodators" and "rebels." This study argues that the lifestyles and strategies that the Karens have pursued are diverse and not confined to armed resistance. Acknowledging these multiple voices will not only shed light upon the many positive features of ethnic interactions, including harmonious communal relationships and significant attempts to promote peace and stability by encouraging "normal" activities and routines in both peaceful and war-torn areas; it will also help to identify policy recommendations for future ceasefire negotiations and a possible long-term political settlement within the context of a militarized Burma.

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Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

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ISBN 10

9812308040

ISBN 13

9789812308047

Book's by Maung Tin

Burma’s Constitution

Burma’s Constitution

Wartime in Burma

Wartime in Burma

Prisms on the Golden Pagoda

Prisms on the Golden Pagoda

Building the Tatmadaw

Building the Tatmadaw

In the Name of Pauk-Phaw

In the Name of Pauk-Phaw

A Trial in Burma

A Trial in Burma

Behind The Teak Curtain

Behind The Teak Curtain

State Dominance in Myanmar

State Dominance in Myanmar

When Mountains Melted

When Mountains Melted

Law and Custom in Burma and the Burmese Family

Law and Custom in Burma and the Burmese Family

The "Other" Karen in Myanmar

The "Other" Karen in Myanmar

The Karen Revolution in Burma

The Karen Revolution in Burma

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