Across Europe, market mechanisms are spreading into areas where they did not exist before. In public administration, market governance is displacing other ways of coordinating public services. In social policy, the welfare state is retreating from its historic task of protecting citizens from the discipline of the market. In industrial relations, labor and management are negotiating with an eye to competitiveness, often against new non-union market players. What is marketization, and what are its effects? This book uses employment services in Denmark, Germany, and Great Britain as a window to explore the rise of market mechanisms. Based on more than 100 interviews with funders, managers, front-line workers, and others, the authors discuss the internal workings of these markets and the organizations that provide the services. This book gives readers new tools to analyse market competition and its effects. It provides a new conceptualization of the markets themselves, the dilemmas and tradeoffs that they generate, and the differing services and workplaces that result. It is aimed at students and researchers in the applied fields of social policy, public administration, and employment relations and has important implications for comparative political economy and welfare states.
Replacement systems, such as term rewriting systems, tree manipulat ing systems, and graph grammars, have been used in Computer Science in the context of theorem proving, program optimization, abstract data types, algebraic simplification, and symbolic comput ation. Replacement systems for strings arose about seventy years earlier in the area of combinatory logic and group theory. The most natural and appropriate formalism for dealing with string rewriting is the notion of a semi-Thue system and this monograph treats its central aspects. The reduction relation is here defined firstly by the direction of the rules and secondly by some metric that yields efficient algorithms. These systems are general enough to discuss the basic notions of arbitrary replacement systems, such as termination, confluence, and the Church-Rosser property in its original meaning. Confluent semi-Thue systems in which each and every derivation consists of finitely many steps only are called complete; they guarantee the existence of unique normal forms as canonical representatives of the Thue congruence classes. Each such system can be considered a nondeterministic algorithm for the word problem which works correctly without backtracking. This is often conceptually simpler and more elegant than an ad hoc construction. In many cases a replace ment system can be altered to a complete system by the Knuth-Bendix completion method.
This textbook illuminates the field of discrete mathematics with examples, theory, and applications of the discrete volume of a polytope. The authors have weaved a unifying thread through basic yet deep ideas in discrete geometry, combinatorics, and number theory. We encounter here a friendly invitation to the field of "counting integer points in polytopes", and its various connections to elementary finite Fourier analysis, generating functions, the Frobenius coin-exchange problem, solid angles, magic squares, Dedekind sums, computational geometry, and more. With 250 exercises and open problems, the reader feels like an active participant.
This book summarizes work done by the authors under the Esprit Tool Use project (1985-1990), at GMD in Karlsruhe and at Berlin University of Technology. It provides a comprehensive description of the generic development language Deva designed by the authors. Much of the research reported in this monograph is inspired by the work of Michel Sintzoff on formal program development; he contributed an enlightening Foreword. Deva is essentially a typed functional language with certain deduction rules. The difference with ordinary languages is, of course, the application domain: the types serve here to express propositions such as specifications or programs, rather than just data classes. Its practical applicability was tested on several non-trivial case studies. The whole book is written using the DVWEB system, a WEB for Deva, beeing implemented at the Berlin University of Technology.
This volume gives the proceedings of the ninth Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS). This annual symposium is held alternately in France and Germany and is organized jointly by the Special Interest Group for Fundamental Computer Science of the Association Francaise des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et des Syst mes (AFCET) and the Special Interest Group for Theoretical Computer Science of the Gesellschaft f}r Informatik (GI). The volume includes three invited lectures and sections on parallel algorithms, logic and semantics, computational geometry, automata and languages, structural complexity, computational geometry and learning theory, complexity and communication, distributed systems, complexity, algorithms, cryptography, VLSI, words and rewriting, and systems.
Commutation Relations, Normal Ordering, and Stirling Numbers provides an introduction to the combinatorial aspects of normal ordering in the Weyl algebra and some of its close relatives. The Weyl algebra is the algebra generated by two letters U and V subject to the commutation relation UV - VU = I. It is a classical result that normal ordering pow
Explore the multidisciplinary nature of complex networks through machine learning techniques Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches for Network Analysis provides an accessible framework for structurally analyzing graphs by bringing together known and novel approaches on graph classes and graph measures for classification. By providing different approaches based on experimental data, the book uniquely sets itself apart from the current literature by exploring the application of machine learning techniques to various types of complex networks. Comprised of chapters written by internationally renowned researchers in the field of interdisciplinary network theory, the book presents current and classical methods to analyze networks statistically. Methods from machine learning, data mining, and information theory are strongly emphasized throughout. Real data sets are used to showcase the discussed methods and topics, which include: A survey of computational approaches to reconstruct and partition biological networks An introduction to complex networks—measures, statistical properties, and models Modeling for evolving biological networks The structure of an evolving random bipartite graph Density-based enumeration in structured data Hyponym extraction employing a weighted graph kernel Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches for Network Analysis is an excellent supplemental text for graduate-level, cross-disciplinary courses in applied discrete mathematics, bioinformatics, pattern recognition, and computer science. The book is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of applied discrete mathematics, machine learning, data mining, and biostatistics.
Software timing behavior measurements, such as response times, often show high statistical variance. This variance can make the analysis difficult or even threaten the applicability of statistical techniques. This thesis introduces a method for improving the analysis of software response time measurements that show high variance. Our approach can find relations between timing behavior variance and both trace shape information and workload intensity information. This relation is used to provide timing behavior measurements with virtually less variance. This can make timing behavior analysis more robust (e.g., improved confidence and precision) and faster (e.g., less simulation runs and shorter monitoring period). The thesis contributes TracSTA (Trace-Context-Sensitive Timing Behavior Analysis) and WiSTA (Workload-Intensity-Sensitive Timing Behavior Analysis). TracSTA uses trace shape information (i.e., the shape of the control flow corresponding to a software operation execution) and WiSTA uses workload intensity metrics (e.g., the number of concurrent software executions) to create context-specific timing behavior profiles. Both the applicability and effectiveness are evaluated in several case studies and field studies. The evaluation shows a strong relation between timing behavior and the metrics considered by TracSTA and WiSTA. Additionally, a fault localization approach for enterprise software systems is presented as application scenario. It uses the timing behavior data provided by TracSTA and WiSTA for anomaly detection.
Leading scholars in the history of science address the historical, methodological, and ideological motivation behind scientists' use of language metaphors, such as "reading" the human genome, "rewriting" the genetic code, and developing programming "language.
Diese umfassende Einführung in die rechnergestützte Netzwerktheorie als ein Zweig der Netzwerktheorie baut auf dem Grundsatz auf, dass solche Netzwerke als Werkzeuge zu verstehen sind, mit denen sich durch die Anwendung rechnergestützter Verfahren auf große Mengen an Netzwerkdaten Hypothesen ableiten und verifizieren lassen. Ein Team aus erfahrenden Herausgebern und renommierten Autoren aus der ganzen Welt präsentieren und erläutern eine Vielzahl von repräsentativen Methoden der rechnergestützten Netzwerktheorie, die sich aus der Graphentheorie, rechnergestützten und statistischen Verfahren ableiten. Dieses Referenzwerk überzeugt durch einen einheitlichen Aufbau und Stil und eignet sich auch für Kurse zu rechnergestützten Netzwerken.
Statistics of Financial Markets offers a vivid yet concise introduction to the growing field of statistical application in finance. The reader will learn the basic methods of evaluating option contracts, analysing financial time series, selecting portfolios and managing risks making realistic assumptions of the market behaviour. The focus is both on the fundamentals of mathematical finance and financial time series analysis and on applications to given problems of financial markets, thus making the book the ideal basis for lecturers, seminars and crash courses on the topic. For the third edition the book has been updated and extensively revised. Several new aspects have been included: new chapters on long memory models, copulae and CDO valuation. Practical exercises have been added, the solutions of which are provided in the book by S. Borak, W. Härdle and B. Lopez Cabrera (2010) ISBN 978-3-642-11133-4. “Both R and Matlab Code, together with the data, can be downloaded by clicking on the Additional Information tab labeled “R and Matlab Code,” which you will find on the right-hand side of the webpage.”
The book remains a valuable tool both for statisticians who are already familiar with the theory of copulas and just need to develop sampling algorithms, and for practitioners who want to learn copulas and implement the simulation techniques needed to exploit the potential of copulas in applications.'Mathematical ReviewsThe book provides the background on simulating copulas and multivariate distributions in general. It unifies the scattered literature on the simulation of various families of copulas (elliptical, Archimedean, Marshall-Olkin type, etc.) as well as on different construction principles (factor models, pair-copula construction, etc.). The book is self-contained and unified in presentation and can be used as a textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students with a firm background in stochastics. Besides the theoretical foundation, ready-to-implement algorithms and many examples make the book a valuable tool for anyone who is applying the methodology.
In a time of unprecedented transformation as society seeks to build a more sustainable future, education plays an increasingly central role in training key agents of change. This book asks how we can equip students and scholars with the capabilities to promote sustainability and how the higher education curriculum can be changed to facilitate the paradigm shift needed. Across the globe, a rising number of higher education institutions and academics are responding to these questions by transforming their own teaching and learning and their institutions’ curricula. This book contributes to that development by examining in-depth case studies of innovative approaches and curriculum changes at multiple levels of the education sector. Elaborating key principles of higher education for sustainable development and identifying drivers and barriers to implementing sustainability in the curriculum, the book provides a comprehensive overview of what makes higher education for sustainable development a unique field of research and practice, as well as offering a coherent narrative of how change can be effected in it. This much-needed book is a valuable resource to inform, guide and inspire students, academics, administrators and community partners, whether experienced or new to the field, whether already committed or not to higher education for sustainable development in an age of transformation.
This book provides the reader with a background on simulating copulas and multivariate distributions in general. It unifies the scattered literature on the simulation of various families of copulas (elliptical, Archimedean, Marshall-Olkin type, etc.) as well as on different construction principles (factor models, pair-copula construction, etc.). The book is self-contained and unified in presentation and can be used as a textbook for advanced undergraduate or graduate students with a firm background in stochastics. Alongside the theoretical foundation, ready-to-implement algorithms and many examples make this book a valuable tool for anyone who is applying the methodology.Errata(s)Errata (128 KB)
Combinatorial reciprocity is a very interesting phenomenon, which can be described as follows: A polynomial, whose values at positive integers count combinatorial objects of some sort, may give the number of combinatorial objects of a different sort when evaluated at negative integers (and suitably normalized). Such combinatorial reciprocity theorems occur in connections with graphs, partially ordered sets, polyhedra, and more. Using the combinatorial reciprocity theorems as a leitmotif, this book unfolds central ideas and techniques in enumerative and geometric combinatorics. Written in a friendly writing style, this is an accessible graduate textbook with almost 300 exercises, numerous illustrations, and pointers to the research literature. Topics include concise introductions to partially ordered sets, polyhedral geometry, and rational generating functions, followed by highly original chapters on subdivisions, geometric realizations of partially ordered sets, and hyperplane arrangements.
Harness actionable insights from your data with computational statistics and simulations using R About This Book Learn five different simulation techniques (Monte Carlo, Discrete Event Simulation, System Dynamics, Agent-Based Modeling, and Resampling) in-depth using real-world case studies A unique book that teaches you the essential and fundamental concepts in statistical modeling and simulation Who This Book Is For This book is for users who are familiar with computational methods. If you want to learn about the advanced features of R, including the computer-intense Monte-Carlo methods as well as computational tools for statistical simulation, then this book is for you. Good knowledge of R programming is assumed/required. What You Will Learn The book aims to explore advanced R features to simulate data to extract insights from your data. Get to know the advanced features of R including high-performance computing and advanced data manipulation See random number simulation used to simulate distributions, data sets, and populations Simulate close-to-reality populations as the basis for agent-based micro-, model- and design-based simulations Applications to design statistical solutions with R for solving scientific and real world problems Comprehensive coverage of several R statistical packages like boot, simPop, VIM, data.table, dplyr, parallel, StatDA, simecol, simecolModels, deSolve and many more. In Detail Data Science with R aims to teach you how to begin performing data science tasks by taking advantage of Rs powerful ecosystem of packages. R being the most widely used programming language when used with data science can be a powerful combination to solve complexities involved with varied data sets in the real world. The book will provide a computational and methodological framework for statistical simulation to the users. Through this book, you will get in grips with the software environment R. After getting to know the background of popular methods in the area of computational statistics, you will see some applications in R to better understand the methods as well as gaining experience of working with real-world data and real-world problems. This book helps uncover the large-scale patterns in complex systems where interdependencies and variation are critical. An effective simulation is driven by data generating processes that accurately reflect real physical populations. You will learn how to plan and structure a simulation project to aid in the decision-making process as well as the presentation of results. By the end of this book, you reader will get in touch with the software environment R. After getting background on popular methods in the area, you will see applications in R to better understand the methods as well as to gain experience when working on real-world data and real-world problems. Style and approach This book takes a practical, hands-on approach to explain the statistical computing methods, gives advice on the usage of these methods, and provides computational tools to help you solve common problems in statistical simulation and computer-intense methods.
If you want to learn to use R for data analysis but aren’t sure how to get started, this practical book will help you find the right path through your data. Drawing on real-world data to show you how to use different techniques in practice, it helps you progress your programming and statistics knowledge so you can apply the most appropriate tools in your research. It starts with descriptive statistics and moves through regression to advanced techniques such as structural equation modelling and Bayesian statistics, all with digestible mathematical detail for beginner researchers. The book: Shows you how to use R packages and apply functions, adjusting them to suit different datasets. Gives you the tools to try new statistical techniques and empowers you to become confident using them. Encourages you to learn by doing when running and adapting the authors’ own code. Equips you with solutions to overcome the potential challenges of working with real data that may be messy or imperfect. Accompanied by online resources including screencast tutorials of R that give you step by step guidance and R scripts and datasets for you to practice with, this book is a perfect companion for any student of applied statistics or quantitative research methods courses.
Asymptotic differential algebra seeks to understand the solutions of differential equations and their asymptotics from an algebraic point of view. The differential field of transseries plays a central role in the subject. Besides powers of the variable, these series may contain exponential and logarithmic terms. Over the last thirty years, transseries emerged variously as super-exact asymptotic expansions of return maps of analytic vector fields, in connection with Tarski's problem on the field of reals with exponentiation, and in mathematical physics. Their formal nature also makes them suitable for machine computations in computer algebra systems. This self-contained book validates the intuition that the differential field of transseries is a universal domain for asymptotic differential algebra. It does so by establishing in the realm of transseries a complete elimination theory for systems of algebraic differential equations with asymptotic side conditions. Beginning with background chapters on valuations and differential algebra, the book goes on to develop the basic theory of valued differential fields, including a notion of differential-henselianity. Next, H-fields are singled out among ordered valued differential fields to provide an algebraic setting for the common properties of Hardy fields and the differential field of transseries. The study of their extensions culminates in an analogue of the algebraic closure of a field: the Newton-Liouville closure of an H-field. This paves the way to a quantifier elimination with interesting consequences.
Research Software Engineering: A Guide to the Open Source Ecosystem strives to give a big-picture overview and an understanding of the opportunities of programming as an approach to analytics and statistics. The book argues that a solid "programming" skill level is not only well within reach for many but also worth pursuing for researchers and business analysts. The ability to write a program leverages field-specific expertise and fosters interdisciplinary collaboration as source code continues to become an important communication channel. Given the pace of the development in data science, many senior researchers and mentors, alongside non-computer science curricula lack a basic software engineering component. This book fills the gap by providing a dedicated programming-with-data resource to both academic scholars and practitioners. Key Features overview: breakdown of complex data science software stacks into core components applied: source code of figures, tables and examples available and reproducible solely with license cost-free, open source software reader guidance: different entry points and rich references to deepen the understanding of selected aspects
You may be contemplating your first Linux installation. Or you may have been using Linux for years and need to know more about adding a network printer or setting up an FTP server. Running Linux, now in its fifth edition, is the book you'll want on hand in either case. Widely recognized in the Linux community as the ultimate getting-started and problem-solving book, it answers the questions and tackles the configuration issues that frequently plague users, but are seldom addressed in other books. This fifth edition of Running Linux is greatly expanded, reflecting the maturity of the operating system and the teeming wealth of software available for it. Hot consumer topics suchas audio and video playback applications, groupware functionality, and spam filtering are covered, along with the basics in configuration and management that always have made the book popular. Running Linux covers basic communications such as mail, web surfing, and instant messaging, but also delves into the subtleties of network configuration--including dial-up, ADSL, and cable modems--in case you need to set up your network manually. The book canmake you proficient on office suites and personal productivity applications--and also tells you what programming tools are available if you're interested in contributing to these applications. Other new topics in the fifth edition include encrypted email and filesystems, advanced shell techniques, and remote login applications. Classic discussions on booting, package management, kernel recompilation, and X configuration have also been updated. The authors of Running Linux have anticipated problem areas, selected stable and popular solutions, and provided clear instructions to ensure that you'll have a satisfying experience using Linux. The discussion is direct and complete enough to guide novice users, while still providing the additional information experienced users will need to progress in their mastery of Linux. Whether you're using Linux on a home workstation or maintaining a network server, Running Linux will provide expert advice just when you need it.
The leading reference on this topic has just gotten better. Building on the success of the previous two editions, all the chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, and new chapters have been added on picolinic acids, oxathiapiprolin, flupyradifurone, and other topics. This third edition presents the most important active ingredients of modern agrochemicals, with one volume each for herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. The international team of first-class authors from such renowned crop science companies as Bayer, Syngenta, Dow AgroSciences, DuPont (now Corteva Agriscience), and BASF, address all crucial aspects from the general chemistry and the mode of action to industrial-scale synthesis, as well as from the development of products and formulations to their application in the field. A comprehensive and invaluable source of timely information for all of those working in modern biology, including genetics, biochemistry and chemistry, and for those in modern crop protection science, whether governmental authorities, researchers in agrochemical companies, scientists at universities, conservationists, or managers in organizations and companies involved in improvements to agricultural production.
Masculinities in Austrian Contemporary Literature: Strategic Evasion shows the important contribution that literature can make to the understanding of masculinities, by offering insights into the mental structures of hegemonic masculinity. It argues that while there is evidence of frustrating hegemonic masculinities, contemporary Austrian literature offers few positive images of alternative masculinity. The texts simultaneously criticize and present fantasies of hegemonic masculinity and as such provide a space for ambiguity and evasion. While providing readers with an in-depth study of the works of the authors Daniel Kehlmann, Doron Rabinovici and Arno Geiger, Matthias Eck elaborates the concept of strategic evasion. In order to bridge the gap between the ideal of masculinity and reality the male characters adopt two strategies of evasion: evasion to hide a softer and gentler side, and evasion into a world of fantasy where they pretend to live up to the ideal of hegemonic masculinity.
Across Europe, market mechanisms are spreading into areas where they did not exist before. In public administration, market governance is displacing other ways of coordinating public services. In social policy, the welfare state is retreating from its historic task of protecting citizens from the discipline of the market. In industrial relations, labor and management are negotiating with an eye to competitiveness, often against new non-union market players. What is marketization, and what are its effects? This book uses employment services in Denmark, Germany, and Great Britain as a window to explore the rise of market mechanisms. Based on more than 100 interviews with funders, managers, front-line workers, and others, the authors discuss the internal workings of these markets and the organizations that provide the services. This book gives readers new tools to analyse market competition and its effects. It provides a new conceptualization of the markets themselves, the dilemmas and tradeoffs that they generate, and the differing services and workplaces that result. It is aimed at students and researchers in the applied fields of social policy, public administration, and employment relations and has important implications for comparative political economy and welfare states.
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