Matthias Gebhardt's Books

Graphical Models

Representations for Learning, Reasoning and Data Mining

By: Christian Borgelt,Matthias Steinbrecher,Rudolf R Kruse

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Graphical Models

Representations for Learning, Reasoning and Data Mining

By: Christian Borgelt,Matthias Steinbrecher,Rudolf R Kruse

Graphical models are of increasing importance in applied statistics, and in particular in data mining. Providing a self-contained introduction and overview to learning relational, probabilistic, and possibilistic networks from data, this second edition of Graphical Models is thoroughly updated to include the latest research in this burgeoning field, including a new chapter on visualization. The text provides graduate students, and researchers with all the necessary background material, including modelling under uncertainty, decomposition of distributions, graphical representation of distributions, and applications relating to graphical models and problems for further research.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

404

Publisher

John Wiley & Sons

Published Date

ISBN 10

0470749563

ISBN 13

9780470749562

Computational Intelligence

A Methodological Introduction

By: Rudolf Kruse,Christian Borgelt,Christian Braune,Sanaz Mostaghim,Matthias Steinbrecher

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Computational Intelligence

A Methodological Introduction

By: Rudolf Kruse,Christian Borgelt,Christian Braune,Sanaz Mostaghim,Matthias Steinbrecher

This textbook provides a clear and logical introduction to the field, covering the fundamental concepts, algorithms and practical implementations behind efforts to develop systems that exhibit intelligent behavior in complex environments. This enhanced second edition has been fully revised and expanded with new content on swarm intelligence, deep learning, fuzzy data analysis, and discrete decision graphs. Features: provides supplementary material at an associated website; contains numerous classroom-tested examples and definitions throughout the text; presents useful insights into all that is necessary for the successful application of computational intelligence methods; explains the theoretical background underpinning proposed solutions to common problems; discusses in great detail the classical areas of artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems and evolutionary algorithms; reviews the latest developments in the field, covering such topics as ant colony optimization and probabilistic graphical models.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

556

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

1447172965

ISBN 13

9781447172963

Towards a Reformed Enlightenment

Salomon van Til (1643–1713) and the Cartesio-Cocceian Debates in the Early Modern Dutch Republic

By: Matthias Mangold

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Towards a Reformed Enlightenment

Salomon van Til (1643–1713) and the Cartesio-Cocceian Debates in the Early Modern Dutch Republic

By: Matthias Mangold

In Towards a Reformed Enlightenment: Salomon van Til (1643–1713) and the Cartesio-Cocceian Debates in the Early Modern Dutch Republic, Matthias Mangold offers the first in-depth investigation into the theological and philosophical convictions of an influential, yet hitherto much neglected, Dutch theologian working around the turn of the eighteenth century. With its strong contextual approach, this analysis of Van Til’s thought sheds new light on various intellectual dynamics at the time, most notably the long-standing conflict between the Voetian and Cocceian factions within the Dutch Reformed Church and the reception of Cartesian philosophy in the face of emerging Radical Enlightenment ideas.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

550

Publisher

BRILL

Published Date

ISBN 10

900469725X

ISBN 13

9789004697256

Fundamentals of Data Warehouses

By: Matthias Jarke,Maurizio Lenzerini,Yannis Vassiliou,Panos Vassiliadis

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Fundamentals of Data Warehouses

By: Matthias Jarke,Maurizio Lenzerini,Yannis Vassiliou,Panos Vassiliadis

This book presents the first comparative review of the state of the art and the best current practices of data warehouses. It covers source and data integration, multidimensional aggregation, query optimization, metadata management, quality assessment, and design optimization. A conceptual framework is presented by which the architecture and quality of a data warehouse can be assessed and improved using enriched metadata management combined with advanced techniques from databases, business modeling, and artificial intelligence.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

328

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3662051532

ISBN 13

9783662051535

A Chronological and Picturesque History of Cliffside Park

By: Lawrence Matthias

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

A Chronological and Picturesque History of Cliffside Park

By: Lawrence Matthias

A memorable History of Cliffside Park, NJ, thoroughly assembled and written by Lawrence (Larry) Matthias, the key contributor to the History Room at the Cliffside Park Free Public Library and a devoted volunteer with the Friends of the Library.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

200

Publisher

Lulu.com

Published Date

ISBN 10

055701526X

ISBN 13

9780557015269

The Hitler Book

The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin from the Interrogations of Otto Guensche and Heinze Linge, Hi

By: Henrik Eberle,Matthias Uhl

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Hitler Book

The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin from the Interrogations of Otto Guensche and Heinze Linge, Hi

By: Henrik Eberle,Matthias Uhl

Stalin had never been able to shake off the nightmare of Adolf Hitler. Just as in 1941 he refused to understand that Hitler had broken their non-aggression pact, he was in 1945 unwilling to believe that the dictator had committed suicide in the debris of the Berlin bunker. In his paranoia, Stalin ordered his secret police, the NKVD, precursor to the KGB, to explore in detail every last vestige of the private life of the only man he considered a worthy opponent, and to clarify beyond doubt the circumstances of his death. For months two captives of the Soviet Army -- Otto Guensche, Hitler's adjutant, and Heinz Linge, his personal valet--were interrogated daily, their stories crosschecked, until the NKVD were convinced that they had the fullest possible account of the life of the Fü In 1949 they presented their work, in a single copy, to Stalin. It is as remarkable for the depth of its insight into Adolf Hitler -- from his specific directions to Linge as to how his body was to be burned, to his sense of humor -- as for what it does not say, reflecting the prejudices of the intended reader: Joseph Stalin. Nowhere, for instance, does the dossier criticize Hitler's treatment of the Jews. Today, the 413-page original of Stalin's personal biography of Hitler is a Kremlin treasure and it is said to be held in President Putin's safe. The only other copy, made by order of Stalin's successor, Nikita Khrushchev, in 1959, was deposited in Moscow Party archives under the code number 462A. It was there that Henrik Eberle and Matthias Uhl, two German historians, found it. Available to the public in full for the first time, The Hitler Book presents a captivating, astonishing, and deeply revealing portrait of Hitler, Stalin, and the mutual antagonism of these two dictators, who between them wrought devastation on the European continent.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

419

Publisher

PublicAffairs

Published Date

ISBN 10

0786734914

ISBN 13

9780786734917

Modern Crop Protection Compounds

By: Peter Jeschke,Matthias Witschel,Wolfgang Krämer,Ulrich Schirmer

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Modern Crop Protection Compounds

By: Peter Jeschke,Matthias Witschel,Wolfgang Krämer,Ulrich Schirmer

The leading reference on this topic has just gotten better. Building on the success of the previous two editions, all the chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, and new chapters have been added on picolinic acids, oxathiapiprolin, flupyradifurone, and other topics. This third edition presents the most important active ingredients of modern agrochemicals, with one volume each for herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. The international team of first-class authors from such renowned crop science companies as Bayer, Syngenta, Dow AgroSciences, DuPont (now Corteva Agriscience), and BASF, address all crucial aspects from the general chemistry and the mode of action to industrial-scale synthesis, as well as from the development of products and formulations to their application in the field. A comprehensive and invaluable source of timely information for all of those working in modern biology, including genetics, biochemistry and chemistry, and for those in modern crop protection science, whether governmental authorities, researchers in agrochemical companies, scientists at universities, conservationists, or managers in organizations and companies involved in improvements to agricultural production.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

1772

Publisher

John Wiley & Sons

Published Date

ISBN 10

3527340890

ISBN 13

9783527340897

The Dortmund Lumbar Load Atlas

A Contribution to Objectifying Lumbar Load and Load-Bearing Capacity for an Ergonomic Work Design of Manual Materials Handling

By: Matthias Jäger

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Dortmund Lumbar Load Atlas

A Contribution to Objectifying Lumbar Load and Load-Bearing Capacity for an Ergonomic Work Design of Manual Materials Handling

By: Matthias Jäger

This handbook supports the identification of inappropriate work design in manual materials handling and thus the prevention of overloading the body and of the development of health disorders. The approach at hand, The Dortmund Lumbar Load Atlas, is focussed exclusively on biomechanical aspects of loading, overload criteria and signs of overloading in the form of verifiable low-back diseases due its strikingly frequently affectedness. Manual materials handling is understood to be the holding, lifting or lowering, pulling or pushing as well as carrying of load objects and thus the application of forces mostly with one or both hands on the item handled. Due to the biomechanical similarity, special handling tasks are also addressed, such as shoveling bulk material, transporting goods via wheelbarrow and moving people manually in the care sector. The book aims to promote interest in biomechanical approaches and provides information to all persons involved in the design, evaluation and redesign of manual materials handling, e.g. ergonomists, occupational physicians, orthopaedists, employers or researchers, lecturers and students. This handbook enables analysis of manual materials handlings regarding potential lumbar overload and contains the following: a comprehensive collection of data on lumbar load in typical manual materials handling activities—a load register on interbranch activities, synopses of previously analysed biomechanically challenging occupational activities—a load register on branch-specific activities, explanations of the methodological approach to predicting moments and forces as well as their components in relation to the lumbar spine via biomechanical modelling and criteria for the evaluation of load data with regard to potential lumbar overloading during single operations, working shifts and the entire occupational life. The new recommendations on maximum daily exposure for lifelong work for both men and women are bridging the former gap of biomechanically justified action frequency limits and now offer the possibility of a completely biomechanical path for risk assessment of manual materials handling. The book provides hence a serious contribution to the objectification of lumbar load and load-bearing capacity aiming at an ergonomic work design of manual materials handling for short- as well as long-term exposures.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

592

Publisher

Springer Nature

Published Date

ISBN 10

303106349X

ISBN 13

9783031063497

Smooth muscle and stromal tumors and prevention of inadequate surgery

By: Günter Köhler,Matthias Evert,Katja Evert,Marek Zygmunt

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Smooth muscle and stromal tumors and prevention of inadequate surgery

By: Günter Köhler,Matthias Evert,Katja Evert,Marek Zygmunt

The subject matter of volume 1 of the 2-volumes-handbook focusses on leiomyosarcoma, low-grade and high-grade endometrial sarcoma and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma of the whole female genitalia. A separate extensive chapter is devoted to the variants of leiomyoma (angio-, lipo-, cotyledonoid, cellular, mitotically active, epithelioid and myxoid leiomyoma, leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei), atypical smooth muscle tumors (smooth muscle tumors with uncertain malignant potential), and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, benign metastasizing leiomyoma, and intravenous leiomyomatosis. Furthermore, endometrial stromal tumors – endometrial stromal nodules, endometrial stromal tumor with sex cord-like elements (ESTSCLE), uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor (UTROSCT) - and similar tumors are described in detail. The book provides a description at length of the epidemiology, etiology, pathological anatomy, prognosis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, imaging and comprehensive therapy of each primary, relapsed, and metastasized tumor including surgery, chemo-, hormone- and radio- and targeted therapy. Another chapter is devoted to the prevention of subjecting sarcomas to inadequate surgical therapeutic measures under the assumed diagnosis of leiomyoma, and includes a diagnostic-therapeutic flowchart with a diagnostic score. The book aims to identify and provide diagnostic and therapeutic guidance. The listed tumor entities also constitute a particular diagnostic challenge for pathologists that contains numerous pitfalls and difficulties. This book, therefore, addresses gynecologists and pathologists in both clinical and private practice, but also surgeons and hemato-oncologists.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

448

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published Date

ISBN 10

3110351978

ISBN 13

9783110351972

Encyclopedia of German Literature

By: Matthias Konzett

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Encyclopedia of German Literature

By: Matthias Konzett

Designed to provide English readers of German literature the opportunity to familiarize themselves with both the established canon and newly emerging literatures that reflect the concerns of women and ethnic minorities, the Encyclopedia of German Literature includes more than 500 entries on writers, individual work, and topics essential to an understanding of this rich literary tradition. Drawing on the expertise of an international group of experts, the essays in the encyclopedia reflect developments of the latest scholarship in German literature, culture, and history and society. In addition to the essays, author entries include biographies and works lists; and works entries provide information about first editions, selected critical editions, and English-language translations. All entries conclude with a list of further readings.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

1159

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

113594122X

ISBN 13

9781135941222

The Turn-Taking system in British news interviews

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Turn-Taking system in British news interviews

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Technical University of Braunschweig (Englisches Seminar - Abteilung Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik), course: Introduction to Pragmatics, language: English, abstract: Being informed ist what most people consider the most important thing in these days. Everybody wants to know everything about present events and their circumstances, future conditions regarding politics, etc. and also be able to discuss them with other people. This often requires having a lot of background knowledge. But as the facts are often too complex and not all information needed is accessible to each and every person, there has to be some way to easily inform all people who are interested in a comprehensible manner. What once was the herald, who was sent out by the king, may now be the interviewer in a TV-Show or on the radio. He gets the information directly from politicians who are involved or in charge, victims of a crime, eye-witnesses and so on. In so doing, he passes everything he learns to the audience who may not only consist of a third person participating in the discussion but of thousands or sometimes millions of people. Consequently news interviews have become more and more important as they convey important issues to the public e.g. considering elections or a party manifesto. Since these interviews need to get across important facts it is imperative that in no case they are blurred by a disorderly held conversation. To guarantee this, the interview has to follow specific rules which preserve its informational character. News interviews often consist of an interviewer and one or more interviewee(s) who alternately talk in a specific way: one asks a question and the other person(s) give(s) a more or less appropriate answer. This may change on some occasions, though, depending on the number of participants, their knowledge about the topic or their degree of involvement in the current case. Pragmatics, as a branch of linguistics, deals with language and communication and provides us with the possibility to analyze this orderly communication in a scientific context. From a linguistic point of view the constant change of the active speaker may be described by a turn-taking system and by the use of adjacency pairs. Working with the terms 'turn-taking' and 'adjacency pairs' I want to examine to what extent the linguistic turn-taking system applies to British news interviews. Whether they do or do not follow this idea of a communicational ordering or even have their own turn-taking system shall be found out by looking at an excerpt from a British news interview.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

GRIN Verlag

Published Date

ISBN 10

3638589498

ISBN 13

9783638589499

Learning Strategies in First and Second Language Acquisition

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Learning Strategies in First and Second Language Acquisition

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, Technical University of Braunschweig (Englisches Seminar - Abteilung Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik), course: Child Discourse, 8 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Language itself as a means of communication as well as a carrier for thoughts, ideas and art is one of the factors that determine us as human beings. It distinguishes humans from animals and gives us the opportunity to pass along knowledge and memories. At the same time language is one of the most complex things our human brain has to master. It consists of a general concept of language, specific words and rules to use them. Moreover, language - in most cases - has to make sense in a specific context, otherwise it cannot be understood. Furthermore, the articulation of sounds and their reception is another highly complex process. As speaking and listening is so complicated it has to be learned from the early childhood on by every single person. At a certain age children begin to feel the need to communicate their wishes and insights they already gathered from this totally new world - at least from their point of view. This is what we call first language acquisition. Another area of language learning is the one of second language acquisition. This term describes the learning of a new language that is different from the mother tongue, i.e. the language that was learned in first language acquisition. It is also used when a person learns his third or fourth language to distinguish between the language learned as a native tongue and the one(s) learned as (a) foreign language(s). In both areas people somehow learn to communicate in a new way. Babies switch from pointing or crying to speaking and children or adults switch from using one language to using another. Here the question arises how they do it. Do they just learn some vocabulary by heart? Do they imitate other p

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

GRIN Verlag

Published Date

ISBN 10

3638671348

ISBN 13

9783638671347

Image and Ornament in the Early Medieval West

New Perspectives on Post-Roman Art

By: Matthias Friedrich

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Image and Ornament in the Early Medieval West

New Perspectives on Post-Roman Art

By: Matthias Friedrich

Scholarship often treats the post-Roman art produced in central and north-western Europe as representative of the pagan identities of the new 'Germanic' rulers of the early medieval world. In this book, Matthias Friedrich offers a critical reevaluation of the ethnic and religious categories of art that still inform our understanding of early medieval art and archaeology. He scrutinises early medieval visual culture by combining archaeological approaches with art historical methods based on contemporary theory. Friedrich examines the transformation of Roman imperial images, together with the contemporary, highly ornamented material culture that is epitomized by 'animal art.' Through a rigorous analysis of a range of objects, he demonstrates how these pathways produced an aesthetic that promoted variety (varietas), a cross-cultural concept that bridged the various ethnic and religious identities of post-Roman Europe and the Mediterranean worlds.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

489

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1009207725

ISBN 13

9781009207720

Antisemitism in Reader Comments

Analogies for Reckoning with the Past

By: Matthias J. Becker

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Antisemitism in Reader Comments

Analogies for Reckoning with the Past

By: Matthias J. Becker

This book examines the most frequent form of Jew-hatred: Israel-related antisemitism. After defining this hate ideology in its various manifestations and the role the internet plays in it, the author explores the question of how Israel-related antisemitism is communicated and understood through the language used by readers in below-the-line comments. Drawing on a corpus of over 6,000 comments from traditionally left-wing news outlets The Guardian and Die Zeit, the author examines both implicit and explicit comparisons made between modern-day Israel and both colonial Britain and Nazi Germany. His analyses are placed within the context of resurgent neo-nationalism in both countries, and it is argued that these instances of antisemitism perform a multi-faceted role in absolving guilt, re-writing history, and reinforcing in-group status. This book will be of interest not only to linguistics scholars, but also to academics in fields such as internet studies, Jewish studies, hate speech and antisemitism.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

526

Publisher

Springer Nature

Published Date

ISBN 10

3030701034

ISBN 13

9783030701031

Venture Capitalists' Exit Strategies under Information Asymmetry

Evidence from the US Venture Capital Market

By: Matthias Eckermann

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Venture Capitalists' Exit Strategies under Information Asymmetry

Evidence from the US Venture Capital Market

By: Matthias Eckermann

Matthias Eckermann analyzes how venture capitalists (VCs) integrate information efficiency considerations into their exit strategies. He shows that VCs adopt specific strategies to cope with information gaps upon exit in terms of timing, exit vehicles and promotion efforts. On this basis he develops a framework to help VCs to improve profitability through decisive exit strategies.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

301

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3835090186

ISBN 13

9783835090187

Leonhard Culmann: A Literary Biography and an Edition of Five Plays

As a Contribution to the Study of Drama in the Age of the Reformation

By: Matthias Wilhelm Senger

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Leonhard Culmann: A Literary Biography and an Edition of Five Plays

As a Contribution to the Study of Drama in the Age of the Reformation

By: Matthias Wilhelm Senger

The five German plays by Leonhard Culmann (c. 1500-1561), originally published between 1539 and 1547, are typical in quality and structure for much of the dramatic production of the time. This is a text-edition of same, preceded by an extensive biography and followed by a voluminous apparatus of notes on the texts. A full bibliography is appended.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

798

Publisher

BRILL

Published Date

ISBN 10

9004616012

ISBN 13

9789004616011

Other Rare Sarcomas, Mixed Tumors, Genital Sarcomas and Pregnancy

By: Günter Köhler,Matthias Evert,Katja Evert,Marek Zygmunt

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Other Rare Sarcomas, Mixed Tumors, Genital Sarcomas and Pregnancy

By: Günter Köhler,Matthias Evert,Katja Evert,Marek Zygmunt

The subject matter of volume 2 of the 2-volumes-handbook focusses especially on rare sarcomas of the whole female genitalia. These entities include angiosarcoma, the different lipo- and rhabdomyosarcoma as well as newer entities like the PEComa. Furthermore, mixed mullerian tumors like the benign adenofibroma and the malignant adenosarcoma and carcinosarcoma are described in detail. The book provides a description at length of the epidemiology, etiology, pathological anatomy, prognosis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, imaging and comprehensive therapy of each primary, relapsed, and metastasized tumor including surgery, chemo-, hormone- and radio- and targeted therapy. An own chapter is devoted to the problems of fertility and pregnancy in connection with all sarcomas, variants of leiomyoma, atypical smooth muscle tumors, disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, benign metastasizing leiomyoma, intravenous leiomyomatosis and endometrial stromal tumors – endometrial stromal nodules, endometrial stromal tumor with sex cord-like elements (ESTSCLE), uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor (UTROSCT) -and all mixed tumors - of the female genitalia. The book aims to identify and provide diagnostic and therapeutic guidance. The listed tumor entities also constitute a particular diagnostic challenge for pathologists that contains numerous pitfalls and difficulties. This book, therefore, addresses gynecologists and pathologists in both clinical and private practice, but also surgeons and hemato-oncologists.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

360

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published Date

ISBN 10

3110460025

ISBN 13

9783110460025

The History of Trading

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The History of Trading

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,0, Technical University of Braunschweig (Englisches Seminar - Abteilung Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik), course: From Reformation to Restauration, language: English, abstract: When people exchanged some items for other ones the first time, trade had come into this world. As the relationship between the one who is in need of a certain thing and the one who can provide the required item proved quite profitable for the latter, people established particular professions like farmers, carpenters, fishermen, miners, etc. in order to be able to trade on a regular basis. An example of a series of connected professions might be a farmer, who specialized in growing wheat and giving it to a mill in return for money or, of course, flour. The miller could then sell the flour to a bakery where bread was baked and sold again. Regarding all the different trades it was nearly always the selling person who set the conditions as he could take advantage of the other one’s desire or need for the respective goods. Within the 11th and 12th century people in England began to gather in cooperative unions. The guilds, as they were called, always consisted of members of one special profession. They had several aims such as promoting the welfare of their members, preserving the craft tradition, holding a local monopoly and maintaining the standards of work and the level of wages and prices. The guilds were mostly only interested in trading within their direct vicinity in keeping with their traditions which left no room for changes, neither in the use of certain tools or the way of proceeding nor in the way apprentices were instructed. Throughout the centuries the people dealt with several goods within villages and furthermore within counties and boroughs, and also beyond that: with other countries. England exported goods to the “continent” and imported other items which also came from manufacturers that belonged to guilds in e.g. France or today’s Germany. Different conditions in the country and law enforcement by the government influenced the trades again and again. Especially the Statute of Artificers, introduced during the reign of queen Elisabeth I, had a tremendous impact on the trades and on apprenticeship. There were several changes regarding the ways of producing goods as well as trading in them. This paper wants to give a description of the changes in medieval England concerning the changes in the national economy. Special emphasis is put on the Statute of Artificers and on one of its so-called precursors: the Acte touching weavers.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

GRIN Verlag

Published Date

ISBN 10

3638589501

ISBN 13

9783638589505

The Turn-Taking System in British News Interviews

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Turn-Taking System in British News Interviews

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Technical University of Braunschweig (Englisches Seminar - Abteilung Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik), course: Introduction to Pragmatics, 2 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Being informed ist what most people consider the most important thing in these days. Everybody wants to know everything about present events and their circumstances, future conditions regarding politics, etc. and also be able to discuss them with other people. This often requires having a lot of background knowledge. But as the facts are often too complex and not all information needed is accessible to each and every person, there has to be some way to easily inform all people who are interested in a comprehensible manner. What once was the herald, who was sent out by the king, may now be the interviewer in a TV-Show or on the radio. He gets the information directly from politicians who are involved or in charge, victims of a crime, eye-witnesses and so on. In so doing, he passes everything he learns to the audience who may not only consist of a third person participating in the discussion but of thousands or sometimes millions of people. Consequently news interviews have become more and more important as they convey important issues to the public e.g. considering elections or a party manifesto. Since these interviews need to get across important facts it is imperative that in no case they are blurred by a disorderly held conversation. To guarantee this, the interview has to follow specific rules which preserve its informational character. News interviews often consist of an interviewer and one or more interviewee(s) who alternately talk in a specific way: one asks a question and the other person(s) give(s) a more or less appropriate answer. This may change on some occasions, though, depending on the number of participants, their knowledge about the t

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

GRIN Verlag

Published Date

ISBN 10

363867133X

ISBN 13

9783638671330

Learning Strategies in First and Second Language Acquisition

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Learning Strategies in First and Second Language Acquisition

By: Matthias Gebhardt

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, Technical University of Braunschweig (Englisches Seminar - Abteilung Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik), course: Child Discourse, language: English, abstract: Language itself as a means of communication as well as a carrier for thoughts, ideas and art is one of the factors that determine us as human beings. It distinguishes humans from animals and gives us the opportunity to pass along knowledge and memories. At the same time language is one of the most complex things our human brain has to master. It consists of a general concept of language, specific words and rules to use them. Moreover, language – in most cases – has to make sense in a specific context, otherwise it cannot be understood. Furthermore, the articulation of sounds and their reception is another highly complex process. As speaking and listening is so complicated it has to be learned from the early childhood on by every single person. At a certain age children begin to feel the need to communicate their wishes and insights they already gathered from this totally new world – at least from their point of view. This is what we call first language acquisition. Another area of language learning is the one of second language acquisition. This term describes the learning of a new language that is different from the mother tongue, i.e. the language that was learned in first language acquisition. It is also used when a person learns his third or fourth language to distinguish between the language learned as a native tongue and the one(s) learned as (a) foreign language(s). In both areas people somehow learn to communicate in a new way. Babies switch from pointing or crying to speaking and children or adults switch from using one language to using another. Here the question arises how they do it. Do they just learn some vocabulary by heart? Do they imitate other people's utterances and hope that they convey the meaning they hoped for? Today we know, that learning a language means using various learning strategies. These strategies are the topic of this paper. They are going to be presented to the reader first within the scope of second language acquisition. Later on I want to give some thoughts to whether the learning strategies described before may apply to first language acquisition as well. Finally some data on children's utterances shall be used to consolidate the previous considerations on learning strategies in first language acquisition.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

GRIN Verlag

Published Date

ISBN 10

363858951X

ISBN 13

9783638589512

Book's by Matthias Gebhardt

Username

Password

Password again

Birthday

Email