A complete overview of distant automatic speech recognition The performance of conventional Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems degrades dramatically as soon as the microphone is moved away from the mouth of the speaker. This is due to a broad variety of effects such as background noise, overlapping speech from other speakers, and reverberation. While traditional ASR systems underperform for speech captured with far-field sensors, there are a number of novel techniques within the recognition system as well as techniques developed in other areas of signal processing that can mitigate the deleterious effects of noise and reverberation, as well as separating speech from overlapping speakers. Distant Speech Recognitionpresents a contemporary and comprehensive description of both theoretic abstraction and practical issues inherent in the distant ASR problem. Key Features: Covers the entire topic of distant ASR and offers practical solutions to overcome the problems related to it Provides documentation and sample scripts to enable readers to construct state-of-the-art distant speech recognition systems Gives relevant background information in acoustics and filter techniques, Explains the extraction and enhancement of classification relevant speech features Describes maximum likelihood as well as discriminative parameter estimation, and maximum likelihood normalization techniques Discusses the use of multi-microphone configurations for speaker tracking and channel combination Presents several applications of the methods and technologies described in this book Accompanying website with open source software and tools to construct state-of-the-art distant speech recognition systems This reference will be an invaluable resource for researchers, developers, engineers and other professionals, as well as advanced students in speech technology, signal processing, acoustics, statistics and artificial intelligence fields.
Designed to provide English readers of German literature the opportunity to familiarize themselves with both the established canon and newly emerging literatures that reflect the concerns of women and ethnic minorities, the Encyclopedia of German Literature includes more than 500 entries on writers, individual work, and topics essential to an understanding of this rich literary tradition. Drawing on the expertise of an international group of experts, the essays in the encyclopedia reflect developments of the latest scholarship in German literature, culture, and history and society. In addition to the essays, author entries include biographies and works lists; and works entries provide information about first editions, selected critical editions, and English-language translations. All entries conclude with a list of further readings.
The study of Soviet youth has long lagged behind the comprehensive research conducted on Western European youth culture. In an era that saw the emergence of youth movements of all sorts across Europe, the Soviet Komsomol was the first state-sponsored youth organization, in the first communist country. Born out of an autonomous youth movement that emerged in 1917, the Komsomol eventually became the last link in a chain of Soviet socializing agencies which organized the young. Based on extensive archival research and building upon recent research on Soviet youth, this book broadens our understanding of the social and political dimension of Komsomol membership during the momentous period 1917–1932. It sheds light on the complicated interchange between ideology, policy and reality in the league's evolution, highlighting the important role ordinary members played. The transformation of the country shaped Komsomol members and their league's social identity, institutional structure and social psychology, and vice versa, the organization itself became a crucial force in the dramatic changes of that time. The book investigates the complex dialogue between the Communist Youth League and the regime, unravelling the intricate process that transformed the Komsomol into a mere institution for political socialization serving the regime's quest for social engineering and control.
Die regelm ige Abk rzung und Vereinfachung eines Strafprozesses durch ein Gest ndnis des Angeklagten, das durch einen zuvor ausgehandelten Strafnachlass angeregt wird, birgt verf hrerische Chancen und t ckische Risiken f r einen Rechtsstaat. Hierzu werden die reichhaltigen Erfahrungen im angels chsischen Strafprozess dargestellt, in dem das Schuldbekenntnis des Angeklagten gegen ber einer aufwendigen Beweisf hrung vor einer Jury von Geschworenen l ngst den Regelfall und nicht mehr die Ausnahme der Prozesserledigung darstellt. Insbesondere wird die (irreversible?) Eigendynamik beleuchtet, die sich mit der Etablierung dieser Prozessgestaltung in Australien, England und den USA entwickelt hat. Diese Erkenntnisse werden mit Blick auf den deutschen Strafprozess, der in j ngerer Zeit eine zunehmende Absprachepraxis erf hrt, einer kritischen W rdigung unterzogen. The regular shortening and easement of a criminal trial by a plea of guilty of the defendant induced by a bargained sentence discount implies seductive chances and tricky risks as measured by the rule of law. For this it is drawn from the comprehensive experiences in the Anglo-Saxon criminal process, where a plea of guilty has become the rule and no more the exception for the handling of criminal trials. A special focus is laid on the (irreversible?) momentum which has come along with the establishment of this practice in Australia, the UK and the USA. These findings are scrutinized with regard to the increasing practice of agreements in the German criminal trial.
The series Microlepidoptera of Europe is intended to be a tool for identifying the European micro-moths. Each volume treats a systematic unit comprising about 100-300 species. This will usually mean a family or subfamily, but it can also be a single large genus, or a group of smaller families. Small and systematically unrelated groups may also be collected in one volume. The geographical area covered will be Europe, west of the former U.S.S.R., and include the Baltic countries. Authors may also include the adjacent parts of the western Palaearctic Region. Each volume will illustrate the adults of all species in full color, either by color photographs or watercolors. Sexual dimorphism and extensive polymorphism will also be illustrated. All species, except the largest, will be shown enlarged. The series has had very fine reviews in European entomological journals and is already regarded as a standard work of the 21st century.
Seit seiner Entstehung in den 1930er- Jahren hat sich das Fach "American Studies" in den USA radikal verändert. Als Motor dieses Prozesses galt bislang die wissenschaftliche Forschung. Matthias Oppermann beleuchtet nun erstmals die Rolle der Lehre und zeigt, dass das Fach von Beginn an durch Kurse und Lehrpläne nicht nur didaktisch, sondern auch theoretisch kontinuierlich neu konstituiert wurde. Mit dieser Neubewertung liefert er ein revidiertes Verständnis der "American Studies" als interdisziplinäre Kulturwissenschaft im Spannungsfeld unterschiedlicher Theorien, Methoden und Forschungsgegenstände.
Wie kaum ein anderer Künstler hat Pierre-Auguste Renoir unser Verständnis von den stimmungsvollen Figurenbildern des Impressionismus geprägt. Sein Gemälde La fin du déjeuner, das sich seit 1910 im Städel Museum in Frankfurt befindet, ist nun Ausgangspunkt für eine weitreichende Auseinandersetzung mit einer für ihn zeitlebens bedeutenden Inspirationsquelle: dem Rokoko. Galt diese Malerei nach der französischen Revolution als frivol und unmoralisch, so erlebte sie im 19. Jahrhundert eine Renaissance und war zu Lebzeiten Renoirs überaus präsent. Dieser umfangreiche Band erscheint anlässlich der großangelegten Ausstellung des Städel Museums und untersucht Renoirs facettenreiche Traditionsverbundenheit ausgehend von erhellenden Gegenüberstellungen seiner Kunst mit Werken des 18. Jahrhunderts sowie von Zeitgenossen.
Matthias Reinhard Hoffmann identifies an angelomorphic portrait of Christ in certain passages of Revelation and provides possible reasons for the inclusion of an angelomorphic Christology: Angelomorphic Christology is not regarded as an isolated christological concept. In turn, the author compares angelomorphic Christology with the prominent Lamb Christology of Revelation. A comparison of these concepts reveals that both Lamb and angelomorphic Christology serve the purpose of contrasting different functions of Christ. The functions correspond with the implied perception of Christ by his followers on the one hand and his opponents on the other. Accordingly, Christ appears to be an eschatological juridical figure (described in angelomorphic patterns) to his opposition, while he is perceived as salvific redeemer (in form of the Lamb) by those who believe in him. Such a christological perspective draws on traditions from the Exodus narrative, namely the features of the Passover Lamb and the Destroying Angel. Further, equality between God and Christ is established despite an angelomorphic portrait of Christ: especially those passages describing Christ as the Lamb put him on par with God. But also within visions with an angelomorphic description of Christ, his status as superior to angels and as an equal to God is displayed.
Commutation Relations, Normal Ordering, and Stirling Numbers provides an introduction to the combinatorial aspects of normal ordering in the Weyl algebra and some of its close relatives. The Weyl algebra is the algebra generated by two letters U and V subject to the commutation relation UV - VU = I. It is a classical result that normal ordering pow
Leading scholars in the history of science address the historical, methodological, and ideological motivation behind scientists' use of language metaphors, such as "reading" the human genome, "rewriting" the genetic code, and developing programming "language.
The leading reference on this topic has just gotten better. Building on the success of the previous two editions, all the chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, and new chapters have been added on picolinic acids, oxathiapiprolin, flupyradifurone, and other topics. This third edition presents the most important active ingredients of modern agrochemicals, with one volume each for herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. The international team of first-class authors from such renowned crop science companies as Bayer, Syngenta, Dow AgroSciences, DuPont (now Corteva Agriscience), and BASF, address all crucial aspects from the general chemistry and the mode of action to industrial-scale synthesis, as well as from the development of products and formulations to their application in the field. A comprehensive and invaluable source of timely information for all of those working in modern biology, including genetics, biochemistry and chemistry, and for those in modern crop protection science, whether governmental authorities, researchers in agrochemical companies, scientists at universities, conservationists, or managers in organizations and companies involved in improvements to agricultural production.
The property of maximal $L_p$-regularity for parabolic evolution equations is investigated via the concept of $\mathcal R$-sectorial operators and operator-valued Fourier multipliers. As application, we consider the $L_q$-realization of an elliptic boundary value problem of order $2m$ with operator-valued coefficients subject to general boundary conditions. We show that there is maximal $L_p$-$L_q$-regularity for the solution of the associated Cauchy problem provided the top order coefficients are bounded and uniformly continuous.
An illuminating investigation into why some parties evolve with their times while others fall behind. Around the world, established political parties face mounting pressures: insurgents on the Left and Right, altered media environments, new policy challenges, and the erosion of traditional strongholds, to name just a few. Yet parties have differed enormously in their ability to move with the times and update their offers to voters. This variation matters. While adaptation does not guarantee a party’s electoral success, the failure to modernize can spell its decline, even collapse, and create openings for radical and populist parties that may threaten the future of liberal democracy. Parties under Pressure examines why some parties adapt meaningfully to social, economic, and political transformations while others flounder, focusing especially on the fate of Western Europe’s Christian democratic parties. Matthias Dilling reveals the under-appreciated importance of party factions. While very high levels of factionalism are counter-productive and create paralysis, more moderate levels of factionalism help parties to adapt by giving visibility to fresh groups and ideas. Dilling draws on extensive archival research in Germany, Italy, and Austria, as well as evidence from France, Japan, and beyond. Taking a comparative-historical approach, Parties under Pressure sheds new light on parties’ varying records of adaptive reforms over more than seventy-five years.
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