Transition Metal Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions is a comprehensive monograph focusing on carbon monoxide usage. This book provides students and researchers in organic synthesis with a detailed discussion of carbonylation from the basics through to applications. The authors have structured the book around the types of reactions, based on the different nucleophiles involved. Scientists working in carbonylation or with carbon monoxide, as well as teachers of organic synthesis can use this book to become familiar with this important area of organic chemistry.
Heterocycle synthesis is one of the largest areas of modern organic chemistry. Heterocycles have a broad range of applications including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes, and are the core structure to around 90% of naturally-occurring molecules. Transition metal catalysts have become favoured in heterocycle synthesis, not least because of their low cost, but also due to their relatively low environmental toxicity and biocompatibility. This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in transition metal catalysis for heterocycle synthesis. Each metal is discussed in turn, presenting a comprehensive source of information on the use of zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, manganese, and nickel in a sustainable and economic manner. Referencing the latest primary literature, and authored by active researchers in the field, this book is a must-have resource for anyone wishing to undertake an economic and sustainable approach to heterocycle synthesis.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions is a comprehensive monograph focusing on carbon monoxide usage. This book provides students and researchers in organic synthesis with a detailed discussion of carbonylation from the basics through to applications. The authors have structured the book around the types of reactions, based on the different nucleophiles involved. Scientists working in carbonylation or with carbon monoxide, as well as teachers of organic synthesis can use this book to become familiar with this important area of organic chemistry.
An illuminating investigation into why some parties evolve with their times while others fall behind. Around the world, established political parties face mounting pressures: insurgents on the Left and Right, altered media environments, new policy challenges, and the erosion of traditional strongholds, to name just a few. Yet parties have differed enormously in their ability to move with the times and update their offers to voters. This variation matters. While adaptation does not guarantee a party’s electoral success, the failure to modernize can spell its decline, even collapse, and create openings for radical and populist parties that may threaten the future of liberal democracy. Parties under Pressure examines why some parties adapt meaningfully to social, economic, and political transformations while others flounder, focusing especially on the fate of Western Europe’s Christian democratic parties. Matthias Dilling reveals the under-appreciated importance of party factions. While very high levels of factionalism are counter-productive and create paralysis, more moderate levels of factionalism help parties to adapt by giving visibility to fresh groups and ideas. Dilling draws on extensive archival research in Germany, Italy, and Austria, as well as evidence from France, Japan, and beyond. Taking a comparative-historical approach, Parties under Pressure sheds new light on parties’ varying records of adaptive reforms over more than seventy-five years.
Designed to provide English readers of German literature the opportunity to familiarize themselves with both the established canon and newly emerging literatures that reflect the concerns of women and ethnic minorities, the Encyclopedia of German Literature includes more than 500 entries on writers, individual work, and topics essential to an understanding of this rich literary tradition. Drawing on the expertise of an international group of experts, the essays in the encyclopedia reflect developments of the latest scholarship in German literature, culture, and history and society. In addition to the essays, author entries include biographies and works lists; and works entries provide information about first editions, selected critical editions, and English-language translations. All entries conclude with a list of further readings.
The Jews: A History is a comprehensive and accessible text that explores the religious, cultural, social, and economic diversity of the Jewish people and their faith. Placing Jewish history within its wider cultural context, the book covers a broad time span, stretching from ancient Israel to the modern day. It examines Jewish history across a range of settings, including the ancient Near East, the age of Greek and Roman rule, the medieval realms of Christianity and Islam, modern Europe, including the World Wars and the Holocaust, and contemporary America and Israel, covering a variety of topics, such as legal emancipation, acculturation, and religious innovation. The third edition is fully updated to include more case studies and to encompass recent events in Jewish history, as well as religion, social life, economics, culture, and gender. Supported by case studies, online references, further reading, maps, and illustrations, The Jews: A History provides students with a comprehensive and wide-ranging grounding in Jewish history.
Masculinities in Austrian Contemporary Literature: Strategic Evasion shows the important contribution that literature can make to the understanding of masculinities, by offering insights into the mental structures of hegemonic masculinity. It argues that while there is evidence of frustrating hegemonic masculinities, contemporary Austrian literature offers few positive images of alternative masculinity. The texts simultaneously criticize and present fantasies of hegemonic masculinity and as such provide a space for ambiguity and evasion. While providing readers with an in-depth study of the works of the authors Daniel Kehlmann, Doron Rabinovici and Arno Geiger, Matthias Eck elaborates the concept of strategic evasion. In order to bridge the gap between the ideal of masculinity and reality the male characters adopt two strategies of evasion: evasion to hide a softer and gentler side, and evasion into a world of fantasy where they pretend to live up to the ideal of hegemonic masculinity.
This handbook supports the identification of inappropriate work design in manual materials handling and thus the prevention of overloading the body and of the development of health disorders. The approach at hand, The Dortmund Lumbar Load Atlas, is focussed exclusively on biomechanical aspects of loading, overload criteria and signs of overloading in the form of verifiable low-back diseases due its strikingly frequently affectedness. Manual materials handling is understood to be the holding, lifting or lowering, pulling or pushing as well as carrying of load objects and thus the application of forces mostly with one or both hands on the item handled. Due to the biomechanical similarity, special handling tasks are also addressed, such as shoveling bulk material, transporting goods via wheelbarrow and moving people manually in the care sector. The book aims to promote interest in biomechanical approaches and provides information to all persons involved in the design, evaluation and redesign of manual materials handling, e.g. ergonomists, occupational physicians, orthopaedists, employers or researchers, lecturers and students. This handbook enables analysis of manual materials handlings regarding potential lumbar overload and contains the following: a comprehensive collection of data on lumbar load in typical manual materials handling activities—a load register on interbranch activities, synopses of previously analysed biomechanically challenging occupational activities—a load register on branch-specific activities, explanations of the methodological approach to predicting moments and forces as well as their components in relation to the lumbar spine via biomechanical modelling and criteria for the evaluation of load data with regard to potential lumbar overloading during single operations, working shifts and the entire occupational life. The new recommendations on maximum daily exposure for lifelong work for both men and women are bridging the former gap of biomechanically justified action frequency limits and now offer the possibility of a completely biomechanical path for risk assessment of manual materials handling. The book provides hence a serious contribution to the objectification of lumbar load and load-bearing capacity aiming at an ergonomic work design of manual materials handling for short- as well as long-term exposures.
Heterocycle synthesis is one of the largest areas of modern organic chemistry. Heterocycles have a broad range of applications including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes, and are the core structure to around 90% of naturally-occurring molecules. Transition metal catalysts have become favoured in heterocycle synthesis, not least because of their low cost, but also due to their relatively low environmental toxicity and biocompatibility. This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in transition metal catalysis for heterocycle synthesis. Each metal is discussed in turn, presenting a comprehensive source of information on the use of zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, manganese, and nickel in a sustainable and economic manner. Referencing the latest primary literature, and authored by active researchers in the field, this book is a must-have resource for anyone wishing to undertake an economic and sustainable approach to heterocycle synthesis.
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