This book demonstrates the application of Life-cycle Cost Approach (LCCA) in the management of infrastructure and other investment projects in the context of developing countries. The main goal is to identify potential opportunities for the adoption LCCA in developing countries, with the help of case studies and best practices. The editors observe that developing countries are plagued with poor and fluctuating service delivery which affords low or no priority for environmental protection. They seek to instill at the policy-making level an understanding of why life-cycle cost assessment is central to achieving the goals of sustainable development as well as sustainable service delivery and to influence the behavior of sector stakeholders. The editors examine the evolution of LCCA from a project appraisal tool to a more comprehensive method of incorporating sustainable development aspects in a variety of sectors. By providing a compendium of concepts, tools and practical experiences, it seeks to broaden the application of LCCA, which is often limited to specific phases of the life-cycle with little or no weight given to environmental aspects. The aim of the book is to mainstream LCCA into governance processes at institutional levels from local to national, in order to increase the ability and willingness of decision makers - both users and those involved in service planning, budgeting and delivery - to reach better informed and more relevant choices among different types and levels of products and services.
As we approach a historic tipping point in the global trend toward urbanisation – within two decades urban dwellers will increase from 49% to 60% of the planet’s population – this book identifies and addresses a critical problem: water. The editors show how cities can shift from being water consumers to resource managers, applying urban water management principles to ensure access to water and sanitation infrastructure and services; manage rainwater, wastewater, storm water drainage, and runoff pollution; control waterborne diseases and epidemics; and reduce the risk of such water-related hazards as floods, droughts and landslides. The book explores the Multiple-Use Water Services (MUS) paradigm, offering a section on the MUS approach and a means of calculating the value of MUS systems, as well as tools and resources to support decision-making. Case studies illustrate MUS in selected urban and rural contexts. Each case study breaks out the challenges, policy framework, benefits, benchmarks, lessons learned (success and failures) and potential next steps. The contributors consider the main options for applying the Multiple-Use Water Services (MUS) paradigm, breaking down its components and offering cost-benefit analyses along with challenges and considerations for both the short and long term. Also discussed are methods by which mutual interactions of water infrastructure and vegetated areas are taken into account in the synergy of spatial planning and optimised modelling of ecosystems’ performance indicators. This method of planning should make future developments cheaper to build; their users will pay lower utility bills for water, energy and heating. These developments will be more pleasant to live in and property value would likely be higher. The brief includes a section on the MUS approach and a means to calculate the value of MUS systems, as well as provides tools and resources to support decision-making. Case studies are included to illustrate MUS in selected urban and rural contexts. Each case study breaks out the challenges, policy framework, benefits, benchmarks, lessons learned (success and failures) and potential next steps.
This book discusses the role of observatories in supporting evidence-based decision-making. The book focuses on issues of data accessibility, monitoring frameworks and governance processes with regard to environmental resources – water, soil and waste. This publication highlights challenges related to policy-implementation measures and examines current monitoring approaches, and illustrates how the UNU-FLORES Nexus Observatory seeks to overcome concerns related to data, monitoring and governance of water, soil and waste resources. In particular, given that extreme weather events such as droughts and floods are predicted to become more frequent in the future, it discusses the need for improved hazard risk monitoring. It proposes risk indices for drought and floods, which measure exposure and vulnerability to the phenomena through a multitude of bio-physical, socio-economic and institutional indicators. Furthermore, the potential for using openly accessible data made available through observatories in decision-making aimed at improving food security is also discussed. It acknowledges governments as key players in environmental resource management, and recognizes that decentralization reforms, as well as the emergence of information and communication technologies, have significantly changed the role of governments in promoting sustainable development. The book is particularly relevant for decision-makers, donor agencies, practitioners and students with an interest in environmental management who are also keen followers of discussions on the post-2015 monitoring agenda.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has in recent years captured the attention of policy makers and policy analysts. A lot has been written on this topic, most often disparately, about institutions for IWRM. However, there has been limited success in bridging disciplinaryboundaries (social versus physical sciences) with the result that conceptual inconsistencies persist with regard to our understanding of institutions for IWRM. This paper outlines key features of an analytical framework for the institutional analysis of IWRM in river basins. Thenovelties of the analytical approach include emphasis on transparent policy processes of state parastatals, modes of water-service provisioning and conditions for collective action in the management of common pool resources in river basins and its implications for sustainable rurallivelihoods. The paper then discusses certain methodological concerns with regard to the operationalizing of various elements of the analytical framework. In particular, the paper discusses issues related to defining the scope of analysis, scale of water use and management and collective action for the management of common pool resources in a river basin. The paper also discusses the process by which the comparative analysis of IWRM may be undertaken by highlighting the importance of problem specification, hypothesis generation and methods of data collection.
In recent years Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has gained widespread support in policy circles. Integrated management poses the challenges of coordinating the use of both natural systems (characterized by multiple land uses) and social systems (characterized by competing end uses of natural resources). Viewed in the context of geohydrological boundaries shaped by river basins, IWRM can place enormous demands on institutions to synchronize the use of natural and social systems to produce optimum results in the form of lower levels of resource conflicts, reduced deforestation and soil erosion in catchment areas and improved livelihoods of the rural populations. Research by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) on IWRM institutions carried out in a diversity of biophysical and socioeconomic settings around the world contributes towards understanding the complexities of naturalresource use in river basins. Water-accounting indicators allow us to visualize seasonal water balance in a river basin while appreciating the historical process of economic development that allows for a particular trajectory of institutional evolution. More recently, IWMI research has highlighted some equity concerns inherent in discussions surrounding Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). In this context studies have highlighted the influence of poverty, market development and community organizations for enhanced provision of irrigation services.
This report draws on a survey and case study evidence from 28 watershed management groups in Haryana to argue that participatory watershed management projects need not necessarily safeguard the interests of poorer rural households.
COMFORT CARE Dr. T. M. Jacob had an illustrious career in medicine and was working as an interventional cardiologist for forty years. His experiences in India, Africa, the UK, and America and the agonies and ecstasies of living and practicing medicine are immaculately narrated. At age eighty-four, Jacob developed progressive dementia and was transferred to an assisted living facility. Thoughts of end of life, pain, suffering, and lack of dignity befall, and he was preoccupied with thoughts of euthanasia. His confidant and assistant, an RN with training in elderly care, had some different thoughts. Book reviews: “Immaculate narration. Highly readable. The theme has many layers too. An excellent work of biographic fiction” (Roger Waters, Rochester Review, February 2020).
In recent years, Integrated Water-Resources Management (IWRM) has captured the attention of policymakers and policy analysts. A lot has been written, most often in a disparate way about institutions for IWRM. However, there has been limited success in bridging disciplinary boundaries (social versus physical sciences) with the result that conceptual inconsistencies persist with regard to our understanding of institutions for IWRM. This paper reviews IWMI research on IWRM in Asia and highlights drawbacks in contemporary approaches to the study of institutions for IWRM in river basins. The paper then outlines key features of an alternative analytical framework. In doing so, it discusses certain novel features of the alternative approach: emphasis on transparent policy processes of State parastatals, modes of water-service provisioning and conditions for collective action in the management of common-pool resources in river basins and its implications for sustainable rural livelihoods.
The book is a comprehensive and need oriented volume encompassing the latest and balanced information about various aspects of fruit culture (tropical & subtropical). Following is a sampling of topics covered. Introductory on Fruit Industry deals briefly with production statistics, social, nutritive and industrial relevance and importance of fruit production. Second provides a complete overview of all principles and practices associated with Orchard planning, Layout and Management in a very abridged manner. The third on Classification of fruit crops includes botanical, horticultural and environmental grouping in a very precise but meaningful manner. Following s give a detailed account on different aspects including origin, distribution, botany & varieties, classification, climate & soil requirements, propagation, cultivation methods, flowering, harvesting, post harvest methods and crop protection of different fruit crops coming under each group such as tropical, subtropical and arid & semi-arid fruits. IV is on tropical fruits - Banana, Guava, Mangosteen, Papaya Pineapple and Sapota. V is on ten major subtropical fruits Avocado, Citrus, Grapes, Litchi, Loquat, Mango, Olive, Passion fruit, Persimmon and Pomegranate. VI contains details of eight major arid & semi-arid fruit crops namely, Aonla, Ber, Custard apple, Date, Fig, Jack, Jamun and Phalsa. Apart from these major fruit crops, VII gives a brief but comprehensive account on a large number of under and un - exploited fruit crops of tropical and subtropical parts of the world. This gives details of well-known minor fruits and a list of other very less known fruit species, which can be made the subject of detailed study for further utilization and information generation. Information provided in this compilation will be of use to students, teachers, scientists, extension workers, orchardists and others interested in fruit culture.
This open access book examines the interactions between India’s economic development, agricultural production, and nutrition through the lens of a “Food Systems Approach (FSA).” The Indian growth story is a paradoxical one. Despite economic progress over the past two decades, regional inequality, food insecurity and malnutrition problems persist. Simultaneously, recent trends in obesity along with micro-nutrient deficiency portend to a future public health crisis. This book explores various challenges and opportunities to achieve a nutrition-secure future through diversified production systems, improved health and hygiene environment and greater individual capability to access a balanced diet contributing to an increase in overall productivity. The authors bring together the latest data and scientific evidence from the country to map out the current state of food systems and nutrition outcomes. They place India within the context of other developing country experiences and highlight India’s status as an outlier in terms of the persistence of high levels of stunting while following global trends in obesity. This book discusses the policy and institutional interventions needed for promoting a nutrition-sensitive food system and the multi-sectoral strategies needed for simultaneously addressing the triple burden of malnutrition in India.
With ever-expanding knowledge and advances in medicine, the sixth edition of this book is significantly revised and presented in new full-colour format. Structured in question-answer format, this book is a must-have for all undergraduate medical students as it prepares them for both theory and viva-voce examinations. It is also useful for dentistry and nursing students. • Thorough revision of all the chapters without changing basic framework to keep up with the latest changes in the field of medicine. • Revision of topics especially respiratory system, immunological factors in disease, diseases of the cardiovascular system, diseases of the gastrointestinal system, acute poisoning and environmental emergencies, oncology, diseases of the kidneys and genitourinary system, diseases due to infections, endocrine and metabolic diseases. • Presentation of text pointwise with suitable boxes and tables, which helps the student in quick learning and revision. • Addition of newer innovations and treatments modalities. • Inclusion of clinical decision pathways for some of the commonly encountered critical and non-emergent disease conditions • Expansion of normal values of investigations and understanding the evolution of disease. • Management of acute medical emergencies like acute myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary oedema, acute anaphylactic and hypovolumic shock, status asthmaticus, tension pneumothorax, status epilepticus, haemoptysis, gastrointestinal bleeding, diabetic coma, snake bites, common poisoning, etc. • Emphasis has been laid on clinical presentation with description of the drugs. New to this Edition • Addition of many new line diagrams, tables, flowcharts to facilitate greater retention of knowledge. • Updates on Zika, Ebola, Nipah, sepsis, monoclonal antibodies, adult immunisation, paracetamol poisoning, acute radiation syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome, lymphoid malignancies, influenza, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B and C, heart failure, rheumatic fever, pulmonary hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Additional Feature • Complimentary access to full e-book.
This book provides a set of integrated frameworks—capital, systems, and objects—that transcend managerial or technology hype by focusing on the long-term fundamentals that sustain organizational success, and it contains cases from South East Asia to elaborate this concept. Many organizations are currently addressing two important transformational issues: ecological sustainability and digitization. Sustainability is a goal, an end, and digitization is a process, a means to achieve a goal. This book introduces a flexible model that can be applied to current and future organizational challenges, including sustainability and digitization, because the fundamentals are constant. This book is designed to serve two purposes for the readers: first, to present three conceptual foundations for designing and operating organizations (capital, systems, and objects (section 1)); and second, to provide a reference source for implementing these ideas in your organization (sections 2 and 3). The first section of the book, chapters 1 through 7, sets forth the conceptual foundations. The chapters mix concepts and practical examples to give a new way of thinking about the setting in which one may work many days each year. The second section provides details and associated examples of every one of the thirty-six forms of capital conversion. It also illustrates how the five foundational systems support capital conversion in a variety of ways. Finally, the third section is about measuring capital and systems. The book covers measurement of all types of capital and systems performance and has been written for current and future organizational leaders to change the game and play it more effectively. The book will thus resonate with students of organizational behaviour and leadership strategy, organizational leaders, industry experts, and general readers.
The girl woke up as if someone disturbed her from sleep, and she started to cry. Janaki was gone. Leyamma's thoughts wandered on to her past. Over twenty years ago she woke up one dark night. Her mother had left her at the young age of thirty one. .............The one who was always there to quench the thirst of the dying inmates at Mandiram was denied water when she begged for it at her death bed. ............"Physicians can help to heal body aches; food and drink can quench hunger and thirst; words of consolation can heal heart aches and friendship can heal the burden of loneliness." --P.C.George
This deeply felt memoir, translated from the acclaimed original in Malayalam, chronicles the endeavours of four generations of the Kandathil Varughese Mappillai family that set up the Malayala Manorama, the Travancore National and Quilon Bank and other enterprises. With great candour, K.M. Mathew describes how their fortunes changed when their support to the nationalist State Congress brought upon them the wrath of the Travancore dewan, leading to the bank's collapse; and how through sheer persistence and diligence they could rebuild the paper and go on to establish huge companies. Mathew also shows that throughout the paper upheld the values of liberalism, credibility and democracy, which it continues to do until today. Featuring some of Kerala's tallest figures over almost a century, The Eighth Ring is a rich portrait of a remarkable man, his family-clan and their stirring times.
The aim of this study was to find a new natural, non-toxic, effective antibiotic from the organic plant extract of Ixora coccinea. The antimicrobial activity was determined in methanolic extract of leaves of Ixora coccinea against clinically relevant pathogens from eye infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of methanolic extract of the leaves of Ixora coccinea were in the range of 300 μl/ml and 400 μl/ml for isolate and 200 μl /ml and 400μl/ml for Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Antioxidant activity, spectroscopy and phytochemical analysis of the extract were also studied. These results indicate that Ixora coccinea leaves may be let another source of natural antibiotics.
A simple and reproducible protocol for in vitro callus induction from explants of three endemic plants (Cyclea peltata, Naregamia alata and Kaempferia galanga Linn.) have been developed. Explants collected from the field grown plants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration/combination (s) of phytohormones. During the study period we evaluated the effect of different growth regulators in callus induction and its morphological analysis of the targeted plants. To optimize the callus induction of three different targeted explants were cultured on different concentration phytohormones. Among which the system include 2,4-D has the most efficient effect on the three experimental plants, Five different concentration taken for three explants, among that Cyclea peltata and Kaempferia galangal Linn. has the highest potential to induce callusing at 2 mg/L of 2,4 -D. In this study we found that there was no effect on callusing of the targeted plants was MS medium containing combination of auxin and cytokinin for callusing.
This book discusses the influence of creative work on human life, and the role it has played in shaping human civilization since antiquity. To do so, it analyzes the history of thought on creative work from three civilizations: Greek, Indian, and Chinese, as well as contemporary neurological studies on consciousness. According to the classical Greeks, humans are instinctively predisposed to use creative work to gain truth, wisdom and happiness; the Indians consider that Dharma (duty, morality, etc.) can be achieved only through work (karma); and for the Chinese, creative work is needed to attain the supreme wisdom (Dao). Modern studies on consciousness show that our brain creates a personal self-model (ego tunnel) when we learn things creatively, and developing such skills provides lifelong protection for the brain. In the 21st century, human involvement in creative work is declining as we use mechanized systems to gain more and more profit, but the wealth falls into the hands of the few superrich: the Plutonomy. As creative work is taken over by AI systems, human work is reduced to operating those machines, and this in turn leads to an exponential growth in the number of part-time workers (Precariat). The declining value of human life today is a consequence of this change in society. Further, reducing creative work means we have no way to distribute wealth, nor do we have any means to address problems like the lack of enthusiasm in the young; the health crisis due to lack of physical activity; or the environmental crisis due to the high demand for energy to run mechanized systems. This book explores these issues.
Philosophical Meta-Reflections on Literary Studies' takes up key meta-questions in the humanities, with focus on contemporary literary studies, philosophically examines the nature of knowledge therein as well as the implications of certain popular critical approaches, and addresses the effervescent question of ‘relevance’. In contrast to usual works on literary theory, or on philosophy of literature for that matter, this book presents an integrated meta-reasoning on the foundational questions of literary studies from an interdisciplinary perspective – in a manner of intertextual informality. It endeavours to articulate a rationale for the humanities in general and literary studies in particular. It philosophically examines the implications of, and assumptions behind, three popular tendencies in contemporary literary criticism – textual deconstruction, ideological criticism and constructivism. It also introduces the reader to possibilities of non-reductive reasoning with regard to the relation between the aesthetic and the political. With his multidisciplinary background, doctoral degree on an encyclopedic author (James Joyce) and past engagements with vital issues in the humanities/literature, Jibu George is in a position to deal with foundational questions therein.
This volume offers a novel philosophical thesis on the ontology of religion, and proposes a new conceptual repertoire to deal with supernatural religion. Jibu Mathew George offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the source and dynamics of religious ideation upon which belief and faith are based, at the fundamental levels of human reasoning. Using Max Weber’s concept of “Disenchantment of the World” as a point of departure, this book endeavors to provide a pioneering philosophical and psychological understanding of the nature of enchantment, disenchantment, and possible re-enchantments as they pertain to the occidental cultural history in Weberian retrospect.
This book takes a unique approach to the ethnographic and analytical explorations of ecologies in the making. The core theme of the work will be the emerging anthropocene contexts that simultaneously bring unprecedented human interactions with the non-human as well as the emergence of hybrid ecologies. There will be dependence on existing literature, own ethnographic work that has already went into this, the closer introspection of immediate geographies as well as the pertinent debates. There has been a reconfiguration of meaning and nature of spaces in the context of social relations produced by neo-liberal globalization. States as they have been are transforming and are influenced by policies made beyond borders. This work is marked out by careful enquiry on ecologies in the making with the backdrop of distinct regional developmentalist trajectories as well as specific ethnography from Kerala, South-West India.
Back cover: Was the footwashing in John 13:1-20 simply an act of service or humility? Bincy Mathew provides a critical and thorough exegetical analysis of the footwashing and shows that it is the symbolic prefiguration of Jesus' death on the cross enacted during the last supper to manifest his perfect love for his own.
This book examines and analyzes issues related to public finance in subnational governments, along with a discussion of case studies on decentralization. Most of the analysis applies to all public goods and services provided by subnational governments, with some placed on the role of subnational governments in the management of environmental resources, notably water and waste Coverage includes optimal arrangements for sharing fiscal responsibilities among different levels of government, the potential impact of decentralization on the quality of public goods delivery, local governments’ expenditure and revenue choices, and the effect of decentralization on accountability, governance and policy outcomes. The scope of discussion extends to both public finance theory and applied policy debates. The first chapter, on trends in financing of public services, opens with an explanation of the how and why of government intervention in the economy, the nature and purposes of transfers between and among governments and trends in decentralization. Case studies examine the impact of decentralization in such areas as service delivery, water and sanitation, education and health, and on poverty and income inequality. Chapter 2 examines public budgets: governance structures, norms and organizational practices, building up understanding of budgets, budget cycles, fiscal revenues from fees and taxes, expenses, debt and political economy issues, rules mandating balanced budgets in government and more. Chapter 3 discusses issues of accountability and policy outcomes, offering important lessons from recent international experience, including ways to strengthen political, administrative and financial accountability. The concluding chapter recounts lessons from recent international experience and surveys implications for the nexus approach to management of environmental resources. The information, analysis and expert advice presented here is particularly relevant for developing and emerging countries, where well designed decentralization reforms have a higher potential to improve efficiency in the provision of public services, and to enhance the development of integrated and sustainable strategies for the use of water, soil and waste resources and applications that advance the nexus approach.
The acclaimed full-color clinical manual and review of TEE --- completely updated to reflect the field’s latest breakthroughs and developments Doody's Core Titles for 2021! Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, Third Edition is written to be the field’s go-to resource and the standard reference textbook on the topic. It offers concise yet comprehensive coverage of the key principles, concepts, and developing practice of transesophageal echocardiography. Completely updated, reorganized, and expanded, this Third Edition features a sectional format, each containing chapters that were reviewed and revised to provide a comprehensive discussion of physiology, pathophysiology, and echocardiographic approach for normal and common disease states. Where possible, important clinical information has been aligned with the principles of cardiovascular physiology and echocardiographic techniques. Narrative text, charts, videos, and graphs have been effectively integrated to provide rapid access to key clinical information for the purpose of improving clinical management. Features: Addresses all the important clinical and technical issues and major exam topics Valuable appendices detailing normal chamber dimensions and volumes; wall motion and coronary perfusion; diastolic function; native valve areas, velocities, and gradients; and measurements and calculations Contributions from leading anesthesiologists, cardiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons A complete practice exam and chapter-ending multiple choice questions make this the perfect review for board examinations in both basic and advanced perioperative echocardiography
More than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation service. The Millennium Development Goal’s (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources.
This report draws on a survey and case study evidence from 28 watershed management groups in Haryana to argue that participatory watershed management projects need not necessarily safeguard the interests of poorer rural households.
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