This book contains an introductory and comprehensive account of the theory of (symmetric) Dirichlet forms. Moreover this analytic theory is unified with the probabilistic potential theory based on symmetric Markov processes and developed further in conjunction with the stochastic analysis based on additive functional. Since the publication of the first edition in 1994, this book has attracted constant interests from readers and is by now regarded as a standard reference for the theory of Dirichlet forms. For the present second edition, the authors not only revised the existing text, but also added sections on capacities and Sobolev type inequalities, irreducible recurrence and ergodicity, recurrence and Poincaré type inequalities, the Donsker-Varadhan type large deviation principle, as well as several new exercises with solutions. The book addresses to researchers and graduate students who wish to comprehend the area of Dirichlet forms and symmetric Markov processes.
Proceedings of the Final Symposium of the Tohoku University 21st Century Center of Excellence Program, Sendai International Center, Japan 7-9 January 2007
Proceedings of the Final Symposium of the Tohoku University 21st Century Center of Excellence Program, Sendai International Center, Japan 7-9 January 2007
Combining engineering and medicine research projects with biological applications, the contributions in this volume constitute the efforts of both distinguished scientists and young investigators in various fields of biomedical engineering at Tohoku University, one of Japan''s leading scientific research universities. The Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program OC Future Medical Engineering Based on BionanotechnologyOCO is OCo out of 113 programmes chosen by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in 2002 OCo the only one program devoted to biomedical engineering. This book comprises the proceedings of the final closing symposium to be held in January 2007, and summarizes all the efforts of the program in a comprehensive manner. In total, more than 100 authors from the engineering and medical schools of Tohoku University have contributed to this volume, through which readers can understand all the research results carried out under the umbrella of the program. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: An Electrochemical Microsystem for Manipulating Living Cells (910 KB). Contents: Cellular Function and Molecular Operation: Progress of Our Research in Auditory Mechnaics (H Wada); Generation of Stable Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Lines Expressing the Motor Protein Prestin (K Iida et al.); Protection of Outer Hair Cells from Traumatic Noise by Conditioning with Heat Stress (M Murakoshi et al.); Time-Lapse Observation of Neural Epithelium Cell Behavior in Slice Culture (N Nakamura et al.); Nano-Medicine: Development of Novel Medical Engineering Using Micro-Nanomachining (M Esashi); Biomimetic Artificial Myocardium Using Nano Technology (T Yambe); MEMS-Based Fuel Cell for Portable Medical Applications (K-B Min et al.); Lithium Niobate Bulk Micromachining for Medical Sensors (A Randles et al.); Imaging of the Biological Molecule and Structure: Brain Imaging of Quality of Life Using Positron Emission Tomography (M Itoh & M Tashiro); Human Brain Metabolic Changes Induced by Actual Car-Driving (M Jeong et al.); Automatic Medical Image Registration Using Mutual Information (K Kumagai et al.); The Comparison of Brain Structure Between Exercised and Non-Exercised Students (H Sensui et al.); Medical Informatics: Computational Approaches to Hemodynamics Analysis from Micro to Macro Scales (T Yamaguchi); A Fluid-Solid Interaction Study of the Pulse Wave Velocity in Uniform Arteries (T Fukui et al.); CFD Tools in Engineering Design Studies and Medical Sciences (P S Kulkarni); Evaluation of an Index for Cardiac Function During Assitance with a Rotary Blood Pump (D Ogawa et al.); and other papers. Readership: Postgraduate students and researchers in biomedical engineering.
This book of Japanese history explores the development of science and technology in traditional Japanese society. It may be surprising to some readers familiar with the history of Japan that that scientific thought existed at all in traditional Japan. However, Science and Culture in Traditional Japan show the development of premodern science in Japan in the context of that country's social and intellectual milieu. Anyone who wishes to understand the development of Japan's science and technology over the last hundred years will appreciate this history of the centuries that preceded modernization, for it is the story of why and how Japan was ready and, more importantly, able to make the leap from Eastern to Western science. The history and culture book shows how Japan's long pattern of assimilation—in advancing and receding waves—of Chinese science (and some Western science) laid the foundation for an appreciation of the need for and value of the "new" Western knowledge.
Customarily, the framework of algebraic geometry has been worked over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, say, over the complex number field. However, over a field of positive characteristics, many unpredictable phenomena arise where analyses will lead to further developments.In the present book, we consider first the forms of the affine line or the additive group, classification of such forms and detailed analysis. The forms of the affine line considered over the function field of an algebraic curve define the algebraic surfaces with fibrations by curves with moving singularities. These fibrations are investigated via the Mordell-Weil groups, which are originally introduced for elliptic fibrations.This is the first book which explains the phenomena arising from purely inseparable coverings and Artin-Schreier coverings. In most cases, the base surfaces are rational, hence the covering surfaces are unirational. There exists a vast, unexplored world of unirational surfaces. In this book, we explain the Frobenius sandwiches as examples of unirational surfaces.Rational double points in positive characteristics are treated in detail with concrete computations. These kinds of computations are not found in current literature. Readers, by following the computations line after line, will not only understand the peculiar phenomena in positive characteristics, but also understand what are crucial in computations. This type of experience will lead the readers to find the unsolved problems by themselves.
This book describes hydration structures of proteins by combining experimental results with theoretical considerations. It is designed to introduce graduate students and researchers to microscopic views of the interactions between water and biological macromolecules and to provide them with an overview of the field. Topics on protein hydration from the past 25 years are examined, most of which involve crystallography, fluorescence measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations. In X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations, recent advances have accelerated the study of hydration structures over the entire surface of proteins. Experimentally, crystal structure analysis at cryogenic temperatures is advantageous in terms of visualizing the positions of hydration water molecules on the surfaces of proteins in their frozen-hydrated crystals. A set of massive data regarding hydration sites on protein surfaces provides an appropriate basis, enabling us to identify statistically significant trends in geometrical characteristics. Trajectories obtained from molecular dynamics simulations illustrate the motion of water molecules in the vicinity of protein surfaces at sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution to study the influences of hydration on protein motion. Together with the results and implications of these studies, the physical principles of the measurement and simulation of protein hydration are briefly summarized at an undergraduate level. Further, the author presents recent results from statistical approaches to characterizing hydrogen-bond geometry in local hydration structures of proteins. The book equips readers to better understand the structures and modes of interaction at the interface between water and proteins. Referred to as “hydration structures”, they are the subject of much discussion, as they may help to answer the question of why water is indispensable for life at the molecular and atomic level.
This brief investigates the diradical character, which is one of the ground-state chemical indices for "bond weakness" or "electron correlation" and which allows researchers to explore the origins of the electron-correlation-driven physico-chemical phenomena concerned with electronic, optical and magnetic properties as well as to control them in the broad fields of physics and chemistry. It then provides the theoretical fundamentals of ground and excited electronic structures of symmetric and asymmetric open-shell molecular systems by using model molecular systems. Moreover, it presents the theoretical design guidelines for a new class of open-shell singlet molecular systems for nonlinear optics (NLO) and singlet fission.
This book contains an introductory and comprehensive account of the theory of (symmetric) Dirichlet forms. Moreover this analytic theory is unified with the probabilistic potential theory based on symmetric Markov processes and developed further in conjunction with the stochastic analysis based on additive functional. Since the publication of the first edition in 1994, this book has attracted constant interests from readers and is by now regarded as a standard reference for the theory of Dirichlet forms. For the present second edition, the authors not only revised the existing text, but also added sections on capacities and Sobolev type inequalities, irreducible recurrence and ergodicity, recurrence and Poincaré type inequalities, the Donsker-Varadhan type large deviation principle, as well as several new exercises with solutions. The book addresses to researchers and graduate students who wish to comprehend the area of Dirichlet forms and symmetric Markov processes.
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