Though today she is little known, Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954) was one of the most remarkable women of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Active in both the civil rights movement and the campaign for women's suffrage, Terrell was a leading spokesperson for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, and the first black woman appointed to the District of Columbia Board of Education and the American Association of University Women. She was also a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In this autobiography, originally published in 1940, Terrell describes the important events and people in her life.Terrell began her career as a teacher, first at Wilberforce College and then at a high school in Washington, D.C., where she met her future husband, Robert Heberton Terrell. After marriage, the women's suffrage movement attracted her interests and before long she became a prominent lecturer at both national and international forums on women's rights. A gifted speaker, she went on to pursue a career on the lecture circuit for close to thirty years, delivering addresses on the critical social issues of the day, including segregation, lynching, women's rights, the progress of black women, and various aspects of black history and culture. Her talents and many leadership positions brought her into close contact with influential black and white leaders, including Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Robert Ingersoll, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Jane Addams, and others.With a new introduction by Debra Newman Ham, professor of history at Morgan State University, this new edition of Mary Church Terrell's autobiography will be of interest to students and scholars of both women's studies and African American history.
Local policy in the nation's capital has always influenced national politics. During Reconstruction, black Washingtonians were first to exercise their new franchise. But when congressmen abolished local governance in the 1870s, they set the precedent for southern disfranchisement. In the aftermath of this process, memories of voting and citizenship rights inspired a new generation of Washingtonians to restore local government in their city and lay the foundation for black equality across the nation. And women were at the forefront of this effort. Here Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy tells the story of how African American women in D.C. transformed civil rights politics in their freedom struggles between 1920 and 1945. Even though no resident of the nation's capital could vote, black women seized on their conspicuous location to testify in Congress, lobby politicians, and stage protests to secure racial justice, both in Washington and across the nation. Women crafted a broad vision of citizenship rights that put economic justice, physical safety, and legal equality at the forefront of their political campaigns. Black women's civil rights tactics and victories in Washington, D.C., shaped the national postwar black freedom struggle in ways that still resonate today.
Though today she is little known, Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954) was one of the most remarkable women of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Active in both the civil rights movement and the campaign for women's suffrage, Terrell was a leading spokesperson for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, and the first black woman appointed to the District of Columbia Board of Education and the American Association of University Women. She was also a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In this autobiography, originally published in 1940, Terrell describes the important events and people in her life.Terrell began her career as a teacher, first at Wilberforce College and then at a high school in Washington, D.C., where she met her future husband, Robert Heberton Terrell. After marriage, the women's suffrage movement attracted her interests and before long she became a prominent lecturer at both national and international forums on women's rights. A gifted speaker, she went on to pursue a career on the lecture circuit for close to thirty years, delivering addresses on the critical social issues of the day, including segregation, lynching, women's rights, the progress of black women, and various aspects of black history and culture. Her talents and many leadership positions brought her into close contact with influential black and white leaders, including Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Robert Ingersoll, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Jane Addams, and others.With a new introduction by Debra Newman Ham, professor of history at Morgan State University, this new edition of Mary Church Terrell's autobiography will be of interest to students and scholars of both women's studies and African American history.
Rethinking Zion documents the process by which the South received its fundamentalist label and chronicles the forces at work in creating the image of the South as the Bible Belt.
In the early twentieth century, white-controlled magazines and Black magazines told very different stories about the dynamics of race, sex, and power in the United States. Memory Work: White Ignorance and Black Resistance in Popular Magazines, 1900–1910 examines how popular magazines employed rhetorical strategies to remember, forget, and frame America’s racist past. White-controlled magazines such as the Independent, Outlook, Arena, and McClure’s carried stories of southern nostalgia, union reconciliation, and white purity. Relying on willful ignorance to misremember past experiences of suffering, these texts severed violent histories from present-day policies and often simply remained silent. Meanwhile, in Black magazines such as the Colored American Magazine and the Voice of the Negro, women writers leveraged countermemory. Bringing Black women’s accomplishments into focus, these writers inverted popular white narratives that erased and obscured Black women’s experiences, including those of sexual violence. Mary E. Triece traces how white and Black magazines—often in dialogue with one another—differently engaged memory work to either reinforce or upend white supremacy during a period of both Black advancement and white backlash. Further, the book suggests lines of connection between the construction of public memory in the past to those taking place today across an array of media platforms. Popular debates—whether appearing in early 1900s magazines or on twenty-first-century social media sites—shape a culture’s collective knowledge of what counts as true, important, and worthy of attention.
Recreation without Humiliation is the first comprehensive study of Black amusement venues established by Black Americans for Black Americans. Mary Stanton’s extensive research on African American amusement parks in America explores not only segregation, class, and social barriers but also the notion of the ‘pursuit of happiness’ as an inalienable right for all races and classes of people. Inspired by summers spent on Coney Island, where Stanton became curious about the existence of African American amusement parks in America, Stanton’s research uncovered more than fifty such venues, most of which operated during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These were parks, theaters, juke joints, country clubs, summer colonies, baseball diamonds, and arenas. Although these venues provided much needed recreational services to an underserved Black population, many were threatened by whites, and some destroyed by them. Through her study of these sites of recreation, Stanton illuminates the history of African Americans who strove to create and maintain safe and satisfying entertainment despite segregation. In her research, Stanton also found class divisions among Black American entertainment venues. At the pinnacle of Black society in this era were the upper class, who could afford exclusive Black summer cottages and country clubs. General entertainment for Black working-class families consisted of dancing and drinking in juke joints or patronizing small amusement parks, playgrounds, movie theaters, church-sponsored functions, and Black county fairs. African Americans in the twentieth century, especially in the South, transformed segregation into what historian Earl Lewis calls “congregation.” Congregation implies choice, and this congregation “provided space and support for establishing new amusements, entertainments, music, and dance” without interference or oppression.
Mary White Ovington, a white selement worker, "vividly describes the experiences that shaped her life," Booklist, including her pivotal role in the founding of the NAACP in the early 20th century.
Born into slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862, Ida B. Wells emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a singularly dynamic national voice on behalf of racial, social, and gender equity. A journalist, teacher, and activist, she campaigned endlessly against racial violence and inequity and on behalf of women's rights and suffrage. In "Radical Advocate," Mary E. Triece pinpoints the persuasive strategies that typified Wells's efforts to shape broader cultural conversations concerning those causes. Triece highlights especially Wells's role as a radical embodied advocate, who Triece defines as one who occupies a marginalized social position; whose daily experiences, physical well-being, and mobility are shaped by social justice issues; and who must utilize non-traditional rhetorical strategies to push for deeply rooted social change. "Embodiment" suggests bodily visibility, and seeing the physical body as marked in ways that carry political and physical implications based on race, sex, gender, and class. In the context of the early 1900s, racial segregation and hysteria over race-mixing impacted bodies in every aspect of one's public and personal life, from where one lived and worked to whom and how one loved. To demonstrate the ways radical embodied advocacy occurs across various platforms, Triece examines Wells's speeches, pamphlets, and newspaper and magazine articles. For Wells, white violence was palpable and personal, experienced on her body and carried in her mind and heart. White men lynched Wells's friends, threatened her life, and forced her into exile after they destroyed the press for which she wrote and edited. From this perspective, Wells understood lynching as linked to white economic and political control. Furthermore, Triece presents Wells's radical embodied advocacy as one of the first forms of "intersectional journalism," a type of citizen journalism wherein the advocate raises up and centers the voices of those experiencing interlocking forms of oppression. Triece underscores the epistemic challenges faced by rhetors, such as Black women, who speak from marginalized social positions and who advance claims that do not align with culturally accepted frames for knowing and describing events, people, and places. She also bridges philosophy, rhetoric, and Black feminism to examine the epistemological and rhetorical demands facing social change advocates who shed light on injustice, and who simultaneously face deeply entrenched narratives that distort understandings of race and social injustice. Wells argued for deep-rooted change, and her rhetoric stands out because she framed white violence as systemic and intersectional. In the twenty-first century, "Radical Advocate" is even more relevant in the context of contemporary white violence and international movements for racial justice. A rhetorical analysis of Wells's speaking and journalism shows her to be one of the first to emphasize the systemic nature of racism while highlighting the unique ways Black women experienced racist and sexist oppression"--
Between 1890 and 1920, middle-class white and black Alabama women created many clubs and organizations that took them out of the home and provided them with roles in the public sphere. Beginning with the Alabama Woman’s Christian Temperance Union in the 1880s and followed by the Alabama Federation of Women’s Clubs and the Alabama Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs in the 1890s, women spearheaded the drive to eliminate child labor, worked to improve the educational system, upgraded the jails and prisons, and created reform schools for both boys and girls. Suffrage was also an item on the Progressive agenda. After a brief surge of activity during the 1890s, the suffrage drive lay dormant until 1912, when women created the Alabama Equal Suffrage Association. During their campaigns in the 1915 and 1919 to persuade the legislature to enfranchise women, the leaders learned the art of politics—how to educate, organize, lobby, and count votes. Women seeking validation for their roles as homemakers and mother demanded a hearing in the political arena for issues that affected them and their families. In the process they began to erase the line between the public world of men and the private world of women. These were the New Women who tackled the problems created by the industrialization and urbanization of the New South. By 1920 Alabama women had created new public spaces for themselves in these voluntary associations. As a consequence of their involvement in reform crusades, the women’s club movement, and the campaign for woman suffrage, women were no longer passive and dependent. They were willing and able to be rightful participants. Thomas’s book is the first of its kind to focus on the reform activities of women during the Progressive Era, and the first to consider the southern woman and all the organizations of middle-class black and white women in the South and particularly in Alabama. It is also the first to explore the drive of Alabama women to obtain the vote. The development of political power among southern women progressed slowly. Demolishing as it did the myth of the “Southern Lady.” Traditionally confined to the domestic sphere, southern women had no experience in public decision making and were discouraged from attaining the skills necessary for participation in public debate. The division of women by race and class further impeded their political education. But through their participation in so-called women’s issues—child labor laws, temperance, and educational reform—women gained experience in influencing political leaders. Black and white women’s clubs provided the framework for state-wide lobbying. Only in the wake of their success with domestic issues tackled through club organizations and temperance unions did women dare seek the right to vote. They learned how to wield political power through acceptable “ladylike” avenues, and it was this experience that led to their long but eventually successful drive for woman suffrage. The New Woman eventually found a way to replace the Southern Lady.
This A-to-Z compendium explores more than 150 American women activists from colonial times to the present, examining their backgrounds and the focus of their activism, and provides examples of their speeches. Throughout history, American women's oratory has crusaded for religious rights, abolitionism, and peace, as well as for Zionism, immigration, and immunization. This text examines more than 150 influential American women activists and their speeches on vital issues. Each entry outlines the speaker's motivation and provides examples of their speeches in context, supplying information about the setting, audience, reception, and lasting historical significance. This collection of women's speeches emphasizes primary sources that underscore the goals of the Common Core Standards. Entries support classroom discussion on a range of topics, from women's suffrage and birth control to civil rights and 20th- and 21st-century labor law. No other reference work compiles examples of female activism and oration across a 400-year span of history along with analysis of the speaker's intent, forum, listeners, and public and media response.
Greenwich Village, 1913 immerses students in the radical possibilities unlocked by the modern age. Exposed to ideas like women's suffrage, socialism, birth control, and anarchism, students experiment with forms of political participation and bohemian self-discovery.
For most people, the U.S. suffrage campaign is encapsulated by images of iconic nineteenth-century orators like the tightly coifed Susan B. Anthony or the wimpled Elizabeth Cady Stanton. However, as Mary Chapman shows, the campaign to secure the vote for U.S. women was also a modern and print-cultural phenomenon, waged with humor, creativity, and style. Making Noise, Making News also understands modern suffragist print culture as a demonstrable link between the Progressive Era's political campaign for a voice in the public sphere and Modernism's aesthetic efforts to re-imagine literary voice. Chapman charts a relationship between modern suffragist print cultural "noise" and what literary modernists understood by "making it new," asserting that the experimental tactics of U.S. suffrage print culture contributed to, and even anticipated, the formal innovations of U.S. literary modernism. Drawing on little-known archives and featuring over twenty illustrations, Making Noise, Making News provides startling documentation of Marianne Moore's closeted career as a suffrage propagandist, the persuasive effects of Alice Duer Miller's popular poetry column, Asian-American author Sui Sin Far's challenge to the racism and classism of modern suffragism, and Gertrude Stein's midcentury acknowledgement of intersections between suffrage discourse and literary modernism.
REA's TExES Core Subjects 4-8 (211) Test Prep with Online Practice Tests Gets You Certified and in the Classroom! Teacher candidates seeking certification to teach the middle-level grades in Texas's public schools must pass the TExES Core Subjects 4-8 exam. Written by a team of faculty experts led by Dr. Ann M. L. Cavallo, Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Texas at Arlington, REA's test prep provides extensive coverage of the four core subject areas tested on the exam: English Language Arts and Reading (806); Mathematics (807); Social Studies (808); and Science (809). In addition to a thorough review, this test prep features a diagnostic test and 2 full-length practice test batteries (1 in the book and 1 online at the REA Study Center) that deal with every question type, competency, and skill tested on the exam. REA's online tests run under timed conditions and provide automatic scoring and diagnostic feedback on every question to help teacher candidates zero in on the topics that give them trouble now, so they can succeed on test day. The new 200-question Core Subjects test, one of the largest of its kind in the United States, was first administered in January 2015; it replaced the TExES Generalist 4-8 (111) exam. REA's test prep package includes: - Comprehensive review of all domains and content categories tested on the TExES Core Subjects 4-8 exam - Online diagnostic that pinpoints strengths and weaknesses to help focus study - 2 full-length practice test batteries based on actual exam questions - Practice test answers explained in detail - Proven study tips, strategies, and confidence-boosting advice - Online practice tests feature timed testing, automatic scoring, and topic-level feedback REA's TExES Core Subjects 4-8 (211) is a must-have for anyone who wants to become a middle-school teacher in Texas.
The U.S. invasion of Haiti in July 1915 marked the start of a military occupation that lasted for nineteen years--and fed an American fascination with Haiti that flourished even longer. Exploring the cultural dimensions of U.S. contact with Haiti during t
How can we hope to understand social inequality without considering race, class, and gender in tandem? How do they interact with other categories such as sexuality, citizenship, and ableism? How does an inclusive analysis of domination and privilege move us closer to solutions touching the lives of diverse populations? In this clearly written book, Mary Romero presents intersectionality as a core facet of the sociological imagination. One-dimensional approaches are no longer acceptable. Instead, we must examine all systems of oppression simultaneously and how they integrate and work with or against each other to shape life experiences. Recognizing the dynamics of patriarchy, capitalism, and white supremacy, Romero shows how social inequality is maintained or minimized in various social settings and everyday sites of interaction. Drawing the theoretical threads together, the book demonstrates intersectional approaches in action in relation to the care crisis and wealth divide, to highlight the different understandings of these issues and their solutions arising from a comprehensive, intersectional examination. Offering an overview of scholarly and activist tradition in the development of intersectionality and how to apply intersectionality as a lens to enrich our understandings of social life, this introductory text will be an invaluable and welcome resource for all students of sociology.
This annotated bibliography, a volume in the Greenwood series, Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies, provides access to the numerous writings, from the 1960s through the 1990s, on feminism and Christian tradition. Major feminist theologians and sociologists are represented. As a guide to further research, this cross-disciplinary approach presents themes and issues in both a historical and a topical framework. An extensive overview of feminism in relation to the women's movement, women's studies, sociology and American religion introduces the literature and provides a historical context for the nearly one thousand entries that follow. Cross-referenced throughout, the literature is presented in six thematic categories that include introductory and background materials, feminism and the development of feminist theology, topical literatures in feminist theology, feminism and womanist theology, religious leadership of women, and responses and recent developments. Separate author, subject, and title indexes complete the volume.
This volume explores how art and artifacts can tell women’s stories of war—a critical way into these stories, often hidden due to the second-tier status of reporting women’s accomplishments. This unique lens reveals personal, cultural, and historically noteworthy experiences often not found in records, manuscripts, and texts. Nine stories from history are examined, from the mythical Amazons of Ancient Greece to a female prisoner of war during World War II. Each of the social, political, and battlefield experiences of Penthesilea, Artemisia, Boudica, the feminine cavaliers, the Dahomey Amazons, suffragists, World War I medical corps, and a World War II prisoner of war are intertwined with a particular work of art or an artifact. These include pottery, iconographic images, public sculpture, stone engraving, clothing, decorative arts, paintings, and pulp art. While each story stands alone, brought together in this volume they represent a cross-sectional reflection on the record of women and war. The chapters cover not only a diverse range of women from around the globe - the African continent, the Hispanic territory of Europe, Carian and Ancient Greece and Rome, Iran, Great Britain-Scotland-ancient Caledonia, Western Europe, and North America—but also a diverse choice of artwork and artifacts, eras, and the nature of the wars being fought. This book will be of value to those interested in gender across history and its interplay in the field of war.
A two-part bibliography of over 1700 biographies of more than 1100 notable women throughout history. Part one is arranged alphabetically by subject and includes a short profile of each woman cited; part two consists of collective biographies.
This thoroughly updated editionprovides a comprehensive overview of two centuries of transnational feminist efforts to produce a more just global order. Mary Hawkesworth explores how social, economic, and political inequalities between men and women of different races, classes, ethnicities, and nationalities have been transformed over two centuries of globalization. Drawing on historical and contemporary examples, she demonstrates how women have forged international networks and alliances to address specific women’s issues beyond the borders of the nation-state, crafting policies to mitigate pressing abuses and devising alternatives to liberal and neo-liberal agendas. The book considers innovative feminist tactics to produce global change, carefully tracing the structural forces that constrain transnational feminist activism. Hawkesworth illuminates the complexity of feminist strategies to influence international agencies and foundations, national governments, and transnational NGOs. By providing critical new insights into the gendered nature of the global system and the gendered dynamics of international institutions and nation states, this work will be invaluable for all those engaged in the interdisciplinary fields of globalization studies and feminist studies.
In a sweeping synthesis of American history, Mary Ryan demonstrates how the meaning of male and female has evolved, changed, and varied over a span of 500 years and across major social and ethnic boundaries. She traces how, at select moments in history, perceptions of sex difference were translated into complex and mutable patterns for differentiating women and men. How those distinctions were drawn and redrawn affected the course of American history more generally. Ryan recounts the construction of a modern gender regime that sharply divided male from female and created modes of exclusion and inequity. The divide between male and female blurred in the twentieth century, as women entered the public domain, massed in the labor force, and revolutionized private life. This transformation in gender history serves as a backdrop for seven chronological chapters, each of which presents a different problem in American history as a quandary of sex. Ryan's bold analysis raises the possibility that perhaps, if understood in their variety and mutability, the differences of sex might lose the sting of inequality.
Gender and Journalism introduces students to how one facet of our humanity—gender—has a tremendous effect on the people working in journalism; the subjects and framing of the stories they tell; and ultimately the people who consume those stories. This engaging textbook provides a history of gender equality struggles alongside the development of news media in the United States. It provides foundational concepts, theories, and methods through which students can explore the role gender has played in news media. Promoting media literacy, the book empowers students to look at the many factors that influence stories and to become more critical media consumers and creators themselves. While the book centers on women’s experiences in the United States, it also considers the political, economic, and cultural aspects of gender and journalism globally. It addresses experiences of LGBTQ and non-white individuals to give an intersectional context to the ramifications of gender. Students learn important concepts such as hegemonic masculinity, colorblind racism, infantilization, and the double binds and explore issues related to gender in photojournalism, sports journalism, and broadcasting. Designed to humanize media institutions, the book highlights the lives of influential writers, journalists, activists, and media producers. Every chapter includes profiles of key journalists and activists and primary source excerpts, as well as reflection and media critique chapter-ending questions. Highlighted keywords in each chapter culminate in a comprehensive glossary. Instructor materials include suggested activities and sample quizzes. Content Features: Discussion of communication and media studies terms and theory Introduction to gender studies terms and theory Discussion of civil rights and race issues as they intersect with gender and journalism History of first- and second-wave feminism LGBTQ+ examples and history of gay rights Dedicated chapter on masculinity In-Text Features: Journalist and activist profile boxes Primary source excerpt boxes End-of-Chapter reflection and media critique questions Chapter keywords and cumulative glossary Instructor Resources: Online News Guidance Multimedia Resources In-Class Activities Clip Flip Exercise Chapter Quiz Questions Sample Syllabus
Louisa May Alcott, Charlotte Forten, Kate Chopin, Sarah Jane Foster, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Ida B. Wells, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman were 19th century young women who grew up to be novelists, poets, essayists, or journalists. Keeping a private diary helped each girl find her public voice. "A collection of seven literary biographies liberally sprinkled with brief quotations from the subjects' diaries, written when they were young adults." - School Library Journal, starred review "Lyons writes with style and feeling, creating a strong sense of each individual life story, even as she gives us a social history of what it was like to be a woman at that time. ... Any teen who keeps a journal will recognize what the title implies: the private world behind the mask of duty." - Booklist
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