This report summarizes what is known from open sources about the North Korean nuclear weapons program ¿ incl. weapons-usable fissile material and warhead estimates ¿ and assesses current developments in achieving denuclearization. Contents: (1) Latest Developments; (2) Background; (3) Weapons Production Milestones: Estimating Nuclear Warheads and Stocks; Plutonium Production; A Uranium Enrichment Program?; The October 9, 2006, Nuclear Test; The May 25, 2009, Test; Delivery Systems; Doctrine and Intent; (4) Steps Toward Denuclearization: Disablement; Reversing Disablement; Declaration; Verification; Future Considerations; (5) Proliferation Issues; (6) Issues for Congress; Funding; Authority; Policy Guidance.
Contents: (1) Introduction; (2) Renewed Interest in Nuclear Power Expansion: (a) Worldwide Nuclear Power Status; (b) Nuclear Fuel Services Market: Yellowcake; Conversion; Enrichment; Fuel Fabrication; (c) Final Stages of the Fuel Cycle; (d) Waste Disposal and Energy Security; (3) Proposals on the Fuel Cycle: Pres. Bush¿s '04 Proposal; Discussions in the Nuclear Suppliers Group; El Baradei Proposal; IAEA Experts Group/INFCIRC/640; Putin Initiative; Six Country Concept; IAEA Fuel Bank; Congress. Support; World Nuclear Assoc.; IAEA Standby Arrange. System; Multilateral Enrichment Sanctuary Project; Enrichment Bonds; Global Nuclear Energy Partnership; (4) Comparison of Proposals; (5) Prospects for Implementing Fuel Assurance Mechanisms.
Contents: (1) Introduction: Main Provisions of Resolution 1874; (2) Implementation of Sanctions: A. The Ban on Financial Transactions Related to North Korea¿s Trade in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and WMD Technology; B. Search of Sea-Borne Traffic; C. Inspecting North Korea¿s Air Cargo; D. The Ban on Financial Support for Trade with North Korea Except for Humanitarian Goods; (3) Implications of Resolution 1874: Trade, Aid, and Finance; Aid; Financial Support; Trade in Arms; Trade; North Korea¿s Proliferation, Nuclear and Missile Programs; North Korea¿s Policies and Internal Situation; (4) Assessments of UNSC Resolution 1718 (2006). Appendix: China¿s Exports of Luxury Goods to the DPRK.
Updated in September 2016, this Congressional Research Service Report (CRS Report RL44387) provides an up-to-date overview of the complex war in Syria, and discusses the United States' role and options in the conflict.
Arms control and nonproliferation efforts are two of the tools that have occasionally been used to implement U.S. national security strategy. Although some believe these tools do little to restrain the behavior of U.S. adversaries, while doing too much to restrain U.S. military forces and operations, many other analysts see them as an effective means to promote transparency, ease military planning, limit forces, and protect against uncertainty and surprise. Arms control and nonproliferation efforts have produced formal treaties and agreements, informal arrangements, and cooperative threat reduction and monitoring mechanisms. The pace of implementation for many of these agreements slowed during the Clinton Administration, and the Bush Administration usually preferred unilateral or ad hoc measures to formal treaties and agreements to address U.S. security concerns. But the Obama Administration resumed bilateral negotiations with Russia and pledged its support for a number of multilateral arms control and nonproliferation efforts.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.