The assumption that rewards and punishments influence our choices between different courses of action underlies economic, sociological, psychological, and legal thinking about human action. Hence, the notion of a reasoning criminal-one who employs the same sorts of cognitive strategies when contemplating offending as they and the rest of us use when making other decisions-might seem a small contribution to crime control. This conclusion would be mistaken. This volume develops an alternative approach, termed the "rational choice perspective," to explain criminal behaviour. Instead of emphasizing the differences between criminals and non-criminals, it stresses some of the similarities. In particular, while the contributors do not deny the existence of irrational and pathological components in crimes, they suggest that the rational aspects of offending should be explored. An international group of researchers in criminology, psychology, and economics provide a comprehensive review of original research on the criminal offender as a reasoning decision maker. While recognizing the crucial influence of situational factors, the rational choice perspective provides a framework within which to incorporate and locate existing theories about crime. In doing so it also provides both a new agenda for research and sheds a fresh light on deterrent and prevention policies.
This authoritative volume presents a the first major assessment of family medicine and its impact as a discipline in the United States since its founding in 1969. Under the senior editorship of Professor William Doherty, a nationally know leader in the field of family medicine and family social science, this exciting volume provides: An overview by G. Gayle Stephens, MD . . . . one of the founding fathers of family medicine The outsider's critique of family medicine by Edmond Pellegrino, MD . . . prominent internist and medical educator Achievements of family medicine and its potential in research reviews by key leaders Culpepper, Becker, Doherty, Baird, and Becker Is family medicine a genuine reform movement within medicine and society? Or is family medicine practiced by generalists who are out of step with the true specialization needed in today's medicine? Top authorities both inside and outside the specialty address the debate surrounding family medicine in the first truly balanced overview of this controversial branch of medicine. Family physicians discuss the challenges they face in family medicine and synthesize the existing theory and empirical knowledge on the topic. This valuable update on a growing specialization provides historical background as well as practical recommendations for the its future. The best people in the fields--family physicians and other medical specialists, as well as sociologists, anthropologists, and family social scientists--explore the major issues surrounding family medicine. How far has family medicine come in fulfilling its original mission? How has its mission changes? What are the field's principal achievements? Where has family medicine fallen short? What are the key challenges now facing the field? Among the specific issues discussed are family medicine and the predoctoral medicine curriculum, developmental assessment of family practice, polarities in the identity of family medicine, family medicine as a biopsychosocial discipline, family medicine from a consumer's perspective, and much more.
This open access book helps readers combine history, politics, and ethics to address the most pressing problem facing the world today: environmental survival. In A Climate of Justice, Marvin Brown connects the environmental crisis to basic questions of economic, social, and racial justice. Brown shows how our current social climate maintains systemic injustices, and he uncovers resources for change through a civic ethics of repair and reciprocity. A must-read for researchers and educators in the area of environmental ethics and those teaching courses in the fields of public policy and environmental sustainability. With the support of more than 30 libraries, the LYRASIS United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Fund has enabled this publication related to SDG13 (Climate Action) to be available fully open access.
This unique reference article, excerpted from the larger work (Dictionary of Daily Life in Biblical and Post-Biblical Antiquity), provides background cultural and technical information on the world of the Hebrew Bible and New Testament from 2000 BC to approximately AD 600. Written and edited by a world-class historian and a highly respected biblical scholar, each article addresses cultural, technical, and/or sociological issues of interest to the study of the Scriptures. Contains a high level of scholarship.Information and concepts are explained in detail and are accompanied by bibliographic material for further exploration.Useful for scholars, pastors, teachers, and students—for biblical study, exegesis, or sermon preparation.Possible areas covered include details of domestic life, technology, culture, laws, or religious practices.Each article ranges from 5 to 20 pages in length. For the complete contents of Dictionary of Daily Life in Biblical and Post-Biblical Antiquity, see ISBN 9781619708617 (4-volume set) or ISBN 9781619701458 (complete in one volume).
In almost every area of production, German theatre of the past forty years has achieved a level of distinction unique in the international community. This flourishing theatrical culture has encouraged a large number of outstanding actors, directors, and designers as well as video and film artists. The dominant figure throughout these years, however, has remained the director. In this stimulating and informative book, noted theatre historian Marvin Carlson presents an in-depth study of the artistic careers, working methods, and most important productions of ten of the leading directors of this great period of German staging. Beginning with the leaders of the new generation that emerged in the turbulent late 1960s—Peter Stein, Peter Zadek, and Claus Peymann, all still major figures today—Carlson continues with the generation that appeared in the 1980s, particularly after reunification—Frank Castorf, Anna Viebrock, Andrea Breth, and Christoph Marthaler—and concludes with the leading directors to emerge after the turn of the century, Stefan Pucher, Thomas Ostermeier, and Michael Thalheimer. He also provides information not readily available elsewhere in English on many of the leading actors and dramatists as well as the designers whose work, much of it for productions of these directors, has made this last half century a golden age of German scenic design. During the late twentieth century, no country produced so many major theatre directors or placed them so high in national cultural esteem as Germany. Drawing on his years of regular visits to the Theatertreffen in Berlin and other German productions, Carlson will captivate students of theatre and modern German history and culture with his provocative, well-illustrated study of the most productive and innovative theatre tradition in Europe.
Evidence-based Interventions in Social Work: A Practitioner's Manual centers on the factorial complexity of planning interventions with major client groups. Monumental economic and political forces are reshaping the way medical, mental health, and social services are delivered in the United States. By focusing on the role of the social worker in the evolving systems of care, the book addresses the following critical questions that have been generated by the empirical practice research: Who should deliver the intervention to whom? What intervention is the most effective with which clients? Wher.
Michael Kay and Lorin Cary illuminate new aspects of slavery in colonial America by focusing on North Carolina, which has largely been ignored by scholars in favor of the more mature slave systems in the Chesapeake and South Carolina. Kay and Cary demonst
This fascinating history of a German-Russian Mennonite couple, Abraham and Magdalena Becker, stewards of a Mennonite mission to the Comanche Indians at the turn of the century in Oklahoma, is a story of a meaningful life of service.
Nationalists think about the economy, Marvin Suesse argues, and this thinking matters once nationalists hold political power. Many nationalists seek to limit global exchange, but others prioritise economic development. The potential conflict between these two goals shapes nationalist policy making. Drawing on historical case studies from thirty countries – from the American Revolution to the rise of China – this book paints a broad panorama of economic nationalism over the past 250 years. It explains why such thinking has become influential, despite the internal contradictions and chequered record of many nationalist policy makers. At the root of economic nationalism's appeal is its ability to capitalise upon economic inequality, both domestic and international. These inequalities are reinforced by political factors such as empire building, ethnic conflicts, and financial crises. This has given rise to powerful nationalist movements that have decisively shaped the global exchange of goods, people, and capital.
Almost a third of all African American men in their twenties in the United States are in jail or prison, or on probation or parole. African Americans, who comprise approximately 13% of the general population, make up about half of the prison population. Between 1980 and 2000, 38 states added more African American men to their prison systems than were added to their respective systems of higher education. However, these statistics fail to tell the entire story. To understand how the dynamics of disproportionate minority confinement came to exist, one must examine the historical and cultural antecedents that affected (and continue to affect) this group. Examining proposed solutions and providing alternative perspectives, this volume addresses the overrepresentation of African Americans in the criminal justice system by critically examining the significance of race in American society and criminal justice responses to crime and African Americans. Offering a critical examination of the issues, this collection begins with a discussion of the marginalization of African Americans in the academic discipline of criminal justice and in the larger society, an assessment of the impact of the legacy of slavery on private prisons and mass imprisonment, and an empirical examination of the depiction of African Americans in prime-time television crime programs. Part II looks at racial profiling, the underrepresentation of African Americans in hate crime victimization research, the impact of race on presentencing, the trend toward trying juveniles in adult court, and the discriminatory treatment of African Americans in capital-eligible cases. Finally, Part III discusses the impact of African American police officers on the profession, analyzes black juror nullification, proposes an increase in the presence of African American jurors, and assesses the potential ameliorative impact of restorative justice on the current racial imbalance in the criminal justice system.
Comparative Deviance" represents a systematic attempt to survey public perceptions of deviant behavior cross-culturally: in India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Yugoslavia and the United States. There is extensive diversity in both law and perception concerning such deviances as taking drugs, homosexuality, and abortion, yet there is evidence for a basically invariant structure in perception of deviance across all cultures. Within the countries studied in this volume, Geraeme Newman discovers that the strength of religious belief and urban rural background accounted for major differences in the perception of deviance - when differences were identified.Contrary to popular academic opinion in the United States, Newman finds that those countries with the most liberal laws on deviance (i.e., the least punitive sanctions) are also those highly economically developed and least totalitarian (United States and Italy). But when public opinion is considered, the public favors harsher punishments than the law provides. In contrast, in the developing countries of India, Iran and Indonesia, where penal sanctions are more severe, public opinion is much more liberal. The crucial question is the role criminal law plays in the process of modernization: whether law is a stable cultural influence, round which public opinion wavers in a startling fashion, depending on the stage of modernization.These findings challenge many assumptions of conflict theory in sociology, of cultural relativism in anthropology, and of ethical relativism in moral philosophy. All findings are examined in relation to research on modernization, social development, and the evolution of law. These fundamental issues are thus important to many different disciplines across the board.
This work provides a crystallization and particularization of a school of sociological thinking variously called "creative sociology," "existential sociology," "phenomenological sociology," "conflict theory," and "dramaturgical analysis." The result is a methodological synthesis of the "dual" visions of Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel. This book equips the reader with a framework for providing adequate descriptions of those face-to-face encounters that make up everyday life. This edition includes essays not found in the first edition, as well as a new introduction that locates it in the spectrum of contemporary theorizing.
This book will assist readers of philosophical literature to understand and to appraise a large section of the controversial philosophical thought of our time. The central theme is the conflict between naturalism and idealism. The idealist philosophy is considered in its historical outcome of subjectivism, as developed in the phenomenological movement. The use of phenomenology is discussed as a general philosophy, as well as with respect to representative philosophies of human existence. The naturalistic view of experience as represented by Dewey is contrasted with the subjectivistic treatment of "pure" experience which is taken to be somehow "prior" to nature.
The series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift f r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (BZAW) covers all areas of research into the Old Testament, focusing on the Hebrew Bible, its early and later forms in Ancient Judaism, as well as its branching into many neighboring cultures of the Ancient Near East and the Greco-Roman world.
Dr. Marvin Stone describes his fascinating journey through the last half-century in medicine: becoming a physician, acquiring intense training in patient care and research, and teaching at all levels. Along the way, he introduces us to some exceptional leaders in the field through noteworthy first-hand accounts. This medical memoir, now in an updated edition, focuses on how clinical perspective and judgment develop as one travels through an exciting career. It will be of interest to students, young doctors, experienced physicians, and lay persons with interest in and concern about medical science and health care.
The alphabet represents knowing the basics, using a widely shared framework, following a sequence, and comprehensiveness. This book delivers all those for evaluation. The style is personal. The examples are easy to understand.... Whether you are new to evaluation or are a professional looking for a refresher on fundamentals, this book offers an alphabet soup sure to please the palate."---Michael Quinn Patton, author of Developmental Evaluation --
This book contains a collection of nineteen essays by Marvin A. Sweeney, some previously unpublished, that focus on the role of literary form and intertextuality in the study of prophetic and apocalyptic literature. The volume includes five major parts: Isaiah; Jeremiah; Ezekiel; The Book of the Twelve Prophets; and Apocalyptic Literature. Selected topics include the Book of Isaiah as Prophetic Torah; the role of Isaiah 65-66 as conclusion of the Book of Isaiah; the interpretation of the Masoretic and Septuagint forms of the book of Jeremiah; Jeremiah 2-6 and 30-31 in relation to Josiah's reform; Ezekiel's role as Zadokite priest and visionary prophet; the problems of theodicy and holiness in Ezekiel 8-11 and 33-39; the interpretation of the Masoretic and Septuagint sequences of the Book of the Twelve; and others.
C. Marvin Pate demonstrates from the undisputed Pauline writings that wherever Paul employs the theme of wisdom, he does so to reverse the Deuteronomic curses and blessings. In accomplishing this, Pate highlights Paul's doctrine of justification, which signals the end of the Mosaic Law"--Page 4 of cover.
In response to the explosion of theories and experiments since the appearance of the first edition, the author has revised and expanded his basic text. New sections include up-to-date discussions of multiphoton ionization, and electron-atom and atom-atom scattering in laser fields, reaffirming the work's position as the standard introduction to the field.
DIVWhen a television writer takes a tumble, Hilary finds herself amidst the drama/divDIV PR whiz Hilary Quayle not only fired her assistant, Gene, she also broke up with him on the same day. And since the implosion of their office romance, Gene has been stuck in Philadelphia, consoling himself with Riverday, a soap opera most notable for its star’s uncanny resemblance to his former boss. But one gray Pennsylvania day, he goes to the local shopping center, where his daytime idol is signing autographs. There he learns the star is Hilary’s cousin, and she has hired his beloved as her press agent. He is just beginning to woo his way back into his old job when murder intervenes./divDIV /divDIVIn a plot twist suitable for the world of soaps, Riverday’shead writer takes a stark-naked swan dive off the roof of the TV studio. To protect her cousin, Hilary investigates the killing with Gene, as always, at her side. Determined to Hilary her back, Gene will stop at nothing—so long as he doesn’t find himself written out of the series. /div
Collective violence has played an important role throughout American history, though we have typically denied it. But it is not enough to repress violence or to suppress our knowledge of it. We must understand the phenomenon, and to do this, we must learn what violent groups are trying to say. Th at some choose violence tells us something about the perpetrators, inevitably, about ourselves and the society we have built.
The world is in tremendous danger, threatened by dark forces acting in the shadows. One individual, Mr. Black and his partner Dr. Kline, yearns to open the worlds gateway in order to allow a dominion of evil in, intent on destroying all life as we know it and rebuilding it in its own dark image. In answer to this threat, there stands only a handful of teens who are only starting to learn about themselves and their unique gifts. Seventeen-year-old Kyra Mathews believes she is a normal, if gifted, high school student, but she soon finds herself drawn into a world she could never have imagined, one in which angels sneak about and dragons hide among us. With the help of a small group of friendssome of whom hide amazing secretsKyra must take her place in the fight against evil and help to fulfill an ancient prophecy. Although she doesnt know it, her journey began millennia ago and will continue for generations to come. In this fantasy novel, a group of teenagers, led by Kyra Mathews, discover that their world hides not only vast magic but also unimaginable evil that could destroy existence as they know it.
Speaking in Tongues presents a unique account of how language has been employed in the theatre, not simply as a means of communication but also as a stylistic and formal device, and for a number of cultural and political operations. The use of multiple languages in the contemporary theatre is in part a reflection of a more globalized culture, but it also calls attention to how the mixing of language has always been an important part of the functioning of theatre. The book begins by investigating various "levels" of language-high and low style, prose and poetry-and the ways in which these have been used historically to mark social positions and relationships. It next considers some of the political and historical implications of dialogue theatre, as well as theatre that literally employs several languages, from classical Greek examples to the postmodern era. Carlson treats with special attention the theatre of the postcolonial world, and especially the triangulation of the local language, the national language, and the colonial language, drawing on examples of theatre in the Caribbean, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Finally, Carlson considers the layering of languages in the theatre, such as the use of supertitles or simultaneous signing. Speaking in Tongues draws important social and political conclusions about the role of language in cultural power, making a vital contribution to the fields of theatre and performance. Marvin Carlson is Sidney E. Cohn Professor of Theatre and Comparative Literature, CUNY Graduate Center. He is author of Performance: A Critical Introduction; Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey, from the Greeks to the Present; and The Haunted Stage: The Theatre as Memory Machine, among many other books.
Untangle the complex interaction when health and social policy issues are intertwined with Health and Social Policy. The contributing authors focus on key aspects of this interaction and present issues in a ”real world” context. In doing so, they identify issues that need to be addressed. Feit and Battle bring together these chapters to highlight the health, medical, and social policy issues and problems facing today’s health care professional and to provide the means for effective interaction. The authors explore problems from an interdisciplinary perspective. They suggest ways in which other health care professionals define issues and problems and their subsequent decisions--decisions readers can apply to their own situations. Health and Social Policy provides support for professional intervention through practice insight. With this book, those in public health, social workers, planners, administrators, and policy developers can begin to understand the complexity of the policymaking process and policy implementation in the field. Other topics covered in this book include: cost-effectiveness in policy formulation and analysis planning issues and methods specific factors in implementing health planning policies factors for designing programs for specific populations prevention/intervention issues Health and Social Policy illustrates that effective outcomes require an understanding of policy issues and problems inherent in both the health and social welfare fields. It does not offer a prescription for readers to follow. The contributing authors understand that there are no easy answers to the many problems which exist. In this book, they offer a way to untangle and understand the complex of issues in health and social policy.
First Published in 2002. This guide introduces students and scholars to the literature on Palestrina as well as the complicated history of the publication of his works. This bibliography is divided into four primary sections: historical background on musical, social, and cultural life; biographical literature; studies of sources, music, and style; and reception history. They are divided roughly into the periods dating from Palestrina's lifetime to about 1750; from about 1750 to about 1914; from 1914 to the present. This title also contains historical research on performance conditions and practices as they would have applied in Palestrina's time.
This is a book of hope at a time when just about everyone but Marvin Olasky has lost hope. The topic is poverty and the underclass. The profound truth that Marvin Olasky forces us to confront is that the problems of the underclass are not caused by poverty. Some of them are exacerbated by poverty, but we know that they need not be caused by poverty, for poverty has been the condition of the vast majority of human communities since the dawn of history, and they have for the most part been communities of stable families, nurtured children, and low crime. It is wrong to think that writing checks will end the problems of the underclass, or even reduce them. - Preface.
In this volume, Marvin A. Sweeney builds upon his former work Form and Intertextuality in Prophetic and Apocalyptic Literature (FAT 45, 2005). He introduces further studies that take up several key issues, including the reading of prophetic books in their final literary form and the significance of textual versions for this reading. He also observes the intertextual relationships between the prophets and other works of biblical and post-biblical literature, and the reception of the prophetic books. Following an introduction that lays out methodological perspective, it includes the title essay for the volume, Reading Prophetic Books, as well as selections of papers devoted to Isaiah, Jeremiah in both its Masoretic and Septuagint forms, Ezekiel, individual books from the Twelve Prophets, and the reading of biblical texts in Qumran, Rabbinic, and Targumic literature.
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