The first English edition of this book was published in 2014. This book was originally intended for undergraduate and graduate students and had one major objective: teach the basic concepts of kinetics and reactor design. The main reason behind the book is the fact that students frequently have great difficulty to explain the basic phenomena that occur in practice. Therefore, basic concepts with examples and many exercises are presented in each topic, instead of specific projects of the industry. The main objective was to provoke students to observe kinetic phenomena and to think about them. Indeed, reactors cannot be designed and operated without knowledge of kinetics. Additionally, the empirical nature of kinetic studies is recognized in the present edition of the book. For this reason, analyses related to how experimental errors affect kinetic studies are performed and illustrated with actual data. Particularly, analytical and numerical solutions are derived to represent the uncertainties of reactant conversions in distinct scenarios and are used to analyze the quality of the obtained parameter estimates. Consequently, new topics that focus on the development of analytical and numerical procedures for more accurate description of experimental errors in reaction systems and of estimates of kinetic parameters have been included in this version of the book. Finally, kinetics requires knowledge that must be complemented and tested in the laboratory. Therefore, practical examples of reactions performed in bench and semi-pilot scales are discussed in the final chapter. This edition of the book has been organized in two parts. In the first part, a thorough discussion regarding reaction kinetics is presented. In the second part, basic equations are derived and used to represent the performances of batch and continuous ideal reactors, isothermal and non-isothermal reaction systems and homogeneous and heterogeneous reactor vessels, as illustrated with several examples and exercises. This textbook will be of great value to undergraduate and graduate students in chemical engineering as well as to graduate students in and researchers of kinetics and catalysis.
This book aims to introduce the basic concepts involved in industrial catalytic processes. It is profusely illustrated with experimental results with the main objective of guiding how to select a suitable catalyst for specific processes. The book is divided in two parts. In the first part the basic concepts are addressed, regarding the existing theories, activity patterns and adsorption-desorption phenomena. In the second part the key experimental methods for the physicochemical characterization of catalysts are presented, as well as the currently used catalyst pre and post treatments. The last chapter describes some important in situ characterization techniques (e.g. XPS and TEM) and surface model patterns related to surface modifications occurring during the reaction. Thoroughly illustrated with microscopy images, spectroscopy data and schematics of reaction mechanisms, the book provides a powerful learning tool for students in undergraduate and graduate level courses on the field of catalysis. Exercises and resolved problems are provided, as well as experimental procedures to support laboratory classes. Furthermore, the content is presented in a carefully chosen sequence, reflecting the 30 year teaching experience of the author. The author, Professor Martin Schmal, sees the present book as a way of conveying basic knowledge needed for the development of more efficient catalysts (i.e. nanostructured materials) and novel industrial chemical processes in the fields of environmental chemistry, fine chemistry, hydrotreating of heavy oils, hydrogen production and biomass processing.
This book, designed for students who have already developed a basic competence in German, aims to broaden and improve their vocabulary by providing detailed information on groups of German words with related meanings. It is invaluable as a guide to finding the right word for the context. In order to enhance understanding of the structure of the German vocabulary, groups of synonyms are organised under German (rather than English) headwords. All entries are accompanied by an example of usage and English glosses and there are two indexes allowing users quickly to locate words in German or English. The book takes full account of register variation, indicating the degree of formal or informal use, and reflects regional usage especially in Austria and Switzerland. It is an essential reference for intermediate and advanced students as well as teachers and other professional linguists seeking access to the finer nuances of the German language.
A comprehensive textbook on petrochemical conversion processes for petroleum and natural gas fractions as produced by refinery operations This innovative textbook provides essential links between the chemical sciences and chemical technology, between petrochemistry and hydrocarbon technology. The book brings alive key concepts forming the basis of chemical technology and presents a solid background for innovative process development. In all chapters, the processes described are accompanied by simplified flow schemes, encouraging students to think in terms of conceptual process designs. Petrochemistry: Petrochemical Processing, Hydrocarbon Technology and Green Engineering introduces students to a variety of topics related to the petrochemical industry, hydrocarbon processing, fossil fuel resources, as well as fuels and chemicals conversion. The first chapter covers the fundamentals and principals for designing several of the processes in the book, including discussions on thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, reactor calculations, and industrial catalysts. The following chapters address recent advances in hydrocarbon technology, energy technology, and sources of hydrocarbons. The book then goes on to discuss the petrochemical industry based on four basic pillars, all derived from petroleum and natural gas: Production of lower alkenes; other sources of lower alkenes; petrochemicals from C2-C3 alkenes Production of BTX aromatics; chemicals from BTX aromatics C1 technology Diversification of petrochemicals The growing importance of sustainable technology, process intensification and addressing greenhouse gas emissions is reflected throughout the book. Written for advanced students working in the areas of petrochemistry, hydrocarbon technology, natural gas, energy materials and technologies, alternative fuels, and recycling technologies the book is also a valuable reference for industrial practitioners in the oil and gas industry.
This book explores an overlooked area in Hegel studies: his use of ‘individuality’ (Individualität). Hegel joined a lively conversation, from Leibniz to Romanticism and beyond, about this novel concept/phenomenon. Successive chapters track Hegel’s engagement, in such texts as the Phenomenology, Encyclopedia, and Aesthetics. Hegel’s system tends to follow a syllogistic logic (universal, particular, singular), but ‘individuality’ departs from the norm. The category enacts a certain pragmatics (as against semantics or syntactics) regarding tacit assumptions at work or implicit terms of address, which requires active participation by a thinking subject charged with discerning individuality (which bars resort to explicit rules). The category reflexively implicates the user even in presuming an objective context. ‘Individuality’ should not be confused with ‘individualism,’ wholly distinct in origin. Moreover, Hegel’s Aesthetics embraces a paradoxical anachronism. Like ‘art’ itself, ‘individuality’ emerged as an essentially modern category, though one transferred to the past and to distant cultures.
The goal of this book is to examine the ethnic experience of the Mexican American community in the United States, from colonialism to twenty-first century globalization. The authors unearth evidence that reveals how historically white ideology, combined with science, law, and the American imagination, has been strategically used as a mechanism to intimidate, manipulate, oppress, control, dominate, and silence Mexican Americans, ethnic racial minorities, and poor whites. A theoretical and philosophical overview is presented, focusing on the repressive practice against Mexicans that resulted in violence, brutality, vigilantism, executions, and mass expulsions. The Mexican experience under “hooded” America is explored, including religion, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. Local, state, and federal laws are documented, often in conflict with one another, including the Homeland Security program that continues to result in detentions and deportations. The authors examine the continuing argument of citizenship that has been used to legally exclude Mexican children from the educational system and thereby being characterized as not fit for the classroom nor entitled to an equitable education. Segregation and integration in the classroom is discussed, featuring examples of court cases. As documented throughout the book, American law is a constant reminder of the pervasive ideology of the historical racial supremacy, socially defined and enforced ethnic inferiority, and the rejection of positive social change, equality, and justice that continues to persist in the United States. The book is extensively referenced and is intended for professionals in the fields of sociology, history, ethnic studies, Mexican American (Chicano) studies, law and political science and also those concerned with sociolegal issues. Description Here
This bibliography was commissioned by the English Goethe Society as a contribution to the celebration in 1999 of the 250th anniversary of Goethes birth. It sets out to record translations of his works into English that have been published in the twentieth century, up to and including material published in that anniversary year. It aims to serve as wide a constituency as possible, be it as a simple reference tool for tracing a translation of a given work or as a documentary source for specialized studies of Goethe reception in the English-speaking world. The work records publications during the century, not merely translations that originated during this period. It includes numerous reprintings of older material, as well as some belated first publications of translations from the nineteenth century. It shows how frequent and how long enduring was the recourse of publishers and anthologists to a Goethe Victorian in diction, a signal factor in perceptions and misperceptions. Derek Glass was putting the finishing touches to the bibliography at the time of his sudden death in March 2004. Colleagues at Kings College London have edited the final manuscript, which is now published jointly by the English Goethe Society and the Modern Humanities Research Association both as a worthy commemoration of Goethes anniversary and as a tribute to Derek himself.
The growth of interest in newly developed porous materials has prompted the writing of this book for those who have the need to make meaningful measurements without the benefit of years of experience. One might consider this new book as the 4th edition of "Powder Surface Area and Porosity" (Lowell & Shields), but for this new edition we set out to incorporate recent developments in the understanding of fluids in many types of porous materials, not just powders. Based on this, we felt that it would be prudent to change the title to "Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area, Porosity and Density". This book gives a unique overview of principles associated with the characterization of solids with regard to their surface area, pore size, pore volume and density. It covers methods based on gas adsorption (both physi and chemisorption), mercury porosimetry and pycnometry. Not only are the theoretical and experimental basics of these techniques presented in detail but also, in light of the tremendous progress made in recent years in materials science and nanotechnology, the most recent developments are described. In particular, the application of classical theories and methods for pore size analysis are contrasted with the most advanced microscopic theories based on statistical mechanics (e.g. Density Functional Theory and Molecular Simulation). The characterization of heterogeneous catalysts is more prominent than in earlier editions; the sections on mercury porosimetry and particularly chemisorption have been updated and greatly expanded.
While the black and white racial experience has been delineated over the years, the ethnic realities of Latinos have received minimal attention. Therefore, with Latinos projected as the upcoming U.S. population majority, the central goal of this book is to document the Latino experience in the world of academia, focusing primarily, but not exclusively, on first-generation Latino students in higher education, delineating the dynamics of the educational journey, while situating their experiences within the ethnic community, the overall American society, and the international community. The text focuses on (1) ethnic realities including Latino student access to higher education, retention, graduation rates, and career success; (2) analysis of historic trends; (3) extensive review of prior empirical studies; (4) a holistic portrayal of education in the U.S.; (5) a qualitative study conducted in an institution of higher education in Texas, placing the stories of participating Latino students in theoretical context; (6) vivid documentation of historically entrenched racial ideologies in American education; (7) exploration of potential solutions to historical and contemporary barriers confronting Latino students; (8) development of a model of empowerment for Latino students; (9) information for the establishment of a balanced educational system; (10) accountability of higher education institutions; (11) review of revolutionizing education in the midst of current globalization; and (12) venturing into the future of Latino education in the overall American experience. Finally, the book seeks to examine not only America’s racism that is evident, but also the structural, cultural, and ideological forces that have influenced and continue to perpetuate the current educational situation for Latinos.
The essays in this collection reveal many fascinating, often previously unknown facts about the Red Desert in an undeveloped region of Wyoming and are complemented by a photo-essay that portrays both the beauty and the devastation that characterize the region today.
This book is the first comprehensive study of Gottfried Benn's poetry to appear in English. It covers the entirety of Benn's verse, from his early Morgue cycle (1912) and Expressionist poems through to the «anthropological» poetry of his middle period to the «postmodern» Phase II work after the Second World War. Against the background of the poet's theoretical writings, this study, drawing upon the classic texts of Benn scholarship, analyzes in detail the major themes of his verse and its distinctive idiom. In particular, this work focuses on Gottfried Benn's extended process of rhetorical self-fashioning, his use of classical iconography, color motifs and chiffres, his often confusing historical semantics, the seemingly self-constituting «absolute» poem, and the colloquial idiom of his late verse. The book also engages with the multiplicity of voices in Benn's work and their varied textual forms, the hermeneutically variable positions of speech that they articulate and the often contradictory notion of selfhood to which they give rise.
In this analytical work, the lexical relationships between Arabic, based on the Qur'ānic register, and Akkadian, Ugaritic, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Phoenician Epigraphic, South Arabian and Ge‘ez are established. Its aim is to assess the various degrees of cultural proximity between these Semitic languages.
This important new book covers the time between Paul's conversion in Damascus and his arrival in Antioch, set against a detailed background of the early Christian world, the church in Damascus to which Paul was introduced on his conversion, the methods of the first Christian mission, the situation in Arabia during Paul's first mission, the mission territory in Tarsus and Cilicia to which he then moved, and the nature of the church in Antioch. Martin Hengel once more challenges the overly skeptical assessments of the New Testament record and provides powerful support for his position on Paul.
A gap yawns between two buildings constructed in the 1960s.Nothing unusual.A gap 2.56m wide and around 33m long . Hardly wide enough to park a couple of bicycles. In many buildings this corresponds to the space required for thermal insulation.
The German theologian and religious reformer, Martin Luther was the catalyst of the sixteenth century Protestant Reformation. Luther set on course a movement that reformulated the basic tenets of Christian belief, resulting in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions. One of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity, Luther produced a wide body of works, challenging the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge. His landmark translation of the Bible into the German vernacular made religion more accessible to everyday people, having a tremendous impact on both the church and German culture. This comprehensive eBook presents Luther’s collected works, with numerous illustrations, rare texts, informative introductions and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1)* Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Luther’s life and works * Concise introductions to the major texts * All of the major treatises, with individual contents tables * Excellent formatting of the texts * Easily locate the works you want to read * Features three biographies, including Hartmann Grisar’s seminal 6-volume study – discover Luther’s intriguing life * Scholarly ordering of texts into chronological orderPlease visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of exciting titlesCONTENTS:The Books Ninety-Five Theses (1517) Sermon on Indulgences and Grace (1518) Treatise on Baptism (1519) A Treatise Concerning the Blessed Sacrament and Concerning the Brotherhoods (1519) To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520) On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520) A Treatise on Christian Liberty (1520) Discussion of Confession (1520) The Fourteen of Consolation (1520) Treatise on Good Works (1520) Treatise on the New Testament (1520) The Papacy at Rome (1520) A Treatise Concerning the Ban (1520) A Brief Explanation of the Ten Commandments, the Creed, and the Lord’s Prayer (1520) The Eight Wittenberg Sermons (1522) That Doctrines of Men are to be Rejected (1522) Against Henry, King of the English (1522) Luther Bible (Original German Text, 1545) The Epistles of St. Peter and St. Jude Preached and Explained (1524) Hymns (1524) On the Bondage of the Will (1525) The Book of Vagabonds (1528) On War against the Turk (1529) Small Catechism (1529) Large Catechism (1529) An Open Letter on Translating (1530) Commentary on Genesis (1535) Smalcald Articles (1537) Selections from Luther’s ‘Table Talk’The Biographies Luther by Hartmann Grisar Life of Luther by Gustav Just Martin Luther by Thomas Martin LindsayPlease visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of exciting titles or to purchase this eBook as a Parts Edition of individual eBooks
This volume is a comparative study of the development of the thought of Luther and Melanchthon on the role of secular magistrates in the church that, in contrast to most earlier studies, sees essential agreement between them despite differences of argumentation.
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