This wide-ranging book seeks to unravel the complexities of post-1992 Italian democracy. It takes as its point of departure the dramatic political tensions of the early 1990s and evaluates these against the background of an analysis of the ‘First Republic’ that predates these changes. Martin Bull and James Newell, renowned scholars of Italian Politics, argue that the early 1990s revolution in Italian party politics should be seen both as a major cause of subsequent changes in the political system and as a consequence of longer-term, still on-going changes in the Italian polity. The books explains how we can understand in this light the mixed success of the parties in attempting to act as autonomous vehicles of reform – and therefore why, if we are witnessing a transformation to a ‘Second Republic’, many of its key features still remain to be shaped. Each of the thematic chapters clearly juxtaposes Italy as it was before the 1990s with Italy today, thereby evaluating the degree to which the early 1990s can be seen as a watershed. In this way the book offers a novel account of both contemporary political developments and their historical significance in teh context of the ‘Italian political model’ that took shape in the period after 1945. This will be essential reading for all students of Italian and Comparative Politics, who will find the clarity and breadth of the book invaluable. Equally, scholars will be fascinated by this new and compelling argument.
Radioactive Tracers in Biology: An Introduction to Trace Methodology, Second Edition focuses on the biochemical and physiological aspects of tracer research, including medical applications of tracer techniques, radioactivity, radiation hazards, and radioactive isotopes. The book first offers information on atomic nuclei, radioactivity, and the production of radioactive isotopes and radiation characteristics of tracer atoms. Discussions focus on nuclear reactions, neutron-induced and deuteron-induced transmutations, properties of atomic nuclei, and target techniques and radiochemistry. The manuscript also ponders on the procedures for radioactive assay and radiation hazards. The text examines the biochemical, medical, and physiological applications of tracer methodology. The manuscript also takes a look at radioactive hydrogen, short-lived and long-lived radioactive carbon, radioactive phosphorus and sulfur, and alkali metal and alkaline earth tracers. Topics include synthesis of organic intermediates for tracer carbon studies; biosynthesis of labeled carbon compounds; and general survey of alkali metal tracers. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in radioactive tracers.
Isotopic Tracers in Biology: An Introduction to Tracer Methodology, Third Edition focuses on stable isotopes, structures, composition, and reactions of nitrogen and oxygen, and radioactive tracers. The book first takes a look at atomic nuclei, radioactivity, and the production of radioactive isotopes and radiation characteristics of tracer atoms. Topics include nuclear reactions, general properties of nuclei, radioactivity, target techniques and radiochemistry, and beta and gamma radiations. The text also discusses isotopic assay, radiation hazards, procedures related with sample preparation for radioactive assay, and combustion of labeled materials. The manuscript examines the biochemical, physiological, and medical aspects of tracer methodology, as well as biochemical applications, value of tracer methods for biology, intermediary metabolism, and applications to clinical research. The text also ponders on the isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Concerns include assay of deuterium and tritium, short-lived and heavy stable carbon, and oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus isotopes. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in isotopic tracers.
A unique bibliographic and historiographic guide to the study of contemporary Italy, this book points to over 650 texts that have shaped the academic and scholarly study of postwar Italy. It is the first guide to include a genuine mix of English-language and Italian-language materials and to approach these materials in a historiographic as well as a bibliographic manner. It is an ideal guide for English, North American, and Italian scholars who have just begun their study of Italy or want to know more about research in areas outside their area of expertise. Following the introduction, which outlines the context within which the evolution of Italian studies should be viewed, the book is divided into two parts. Part I includes five historiographic chapters providing a detailed survey and analysis of works published in history, politics, government, the economy, and society. Part II is an annotated bibliographic guide to all of the texts pointed to in Part I.
Genetic Programming IV: Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence presents the application of GP to a wide variety of problems involving automated synthesis of controllers, circuits, antennas, genetic networks, and metabolic pathways. The book describes fifteen instances where GP has created an entity that either infringes or duplicates the functionality of a previously patented 20th-century invention, six instances where it has done the same with respect to post-2000 patented inventions, two instances where GP has created a patentable new invention, and thirteen other human-competitive results. The book additionally establishes: GP now delivers routine human-competitive machine intelligence GP is an automated invention machine GP can create general solutions to problems in the form of parameterized topologies GP has delivered qualitatively more substantial results in synchrony with the relentless iteration of Moore's Law
Vol.1: Hydroxybenzophenones Vol.2: Hydroxyacetophenones I Vol.3: Hydroxyacetophenones II Vol.4: Hydroxypropiophenones, Hydroxyisobutyrophenones, Hydroxypivalophenones and Derivatives
Vol.1: Hydroxybenzophenones Vol.2: Hydroxyacetophenones I Vol.3: Hydroxyacetophenones II Vol.4: Hydroxypropiophenones, Hydroxyisobutyrophenones, Hydroxypivalophenones and Derivatives
In four volumes, Aromatic Hydroxyketones provides detailed information on the physical properties and syntheses of 6,000 hydroxyketones. Each entry includes basic identification information, including the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, molecule name, molecular formula, and molecular weight. This resource provides a powerful tool for the synthesis of intermediates of specialty polymers, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
Annotation Describes diverse ways of obtaining some 1,900 hydroxybenzophenones and related aromatic ketones and lists their properties. Data concern the syntheses routes or natural origin, physiochemical and spectroscopical characteristics available in the literature, and criticism of dubious structures or constants. Material is organized in sections on monoaroylphenols, diaroylphenols and polyaroylphenols, and miscellaneous related compounds. Includes a molecular formula index and chemical abstracts registry numbers, as well as a usual names index. Useful for engineers in chemical synthesis, and academic as well as industrial researchers from various branches of chemistry. Martin is formerly of the Institut Curie, Paris, France. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
To fmds one's bearings through the luxuriant forest of organic chemistry, sure guide marks are needed. Robert Martin's book is one of these most useful reference marks for each organic chemist. Diversely substituted hydroxyacetophenones are used in numerous sectors of applied organic chemistry. This impressive monography constitutes a considerable work, time-saver for the professional in organic synthesis. For each compound described, R. Martin has clearly and concisely supplied all the information existing in the literature up to 1996. This work enables the chemist to compare their structures, syntheses, properties, physico-chemical characteristics, thus stimulating his imagination. Three exhaustive tables enable the reader to find each compound by its CAS number, official nomenclature and usual name. They secure easy navigation through this large Dictionary. I very much admire the work undertaken and carried through by R. Martin, Chemical Engineer, Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, 1961. I am sure this book will be helpful both to industry and university research workers, and I wish it will meet the success it deserves. Dr. Jean-Paul GUETTE Professor Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers (CNAM) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my heartily thanks to Dr. Pierre Demerseman who accepted me in his Laboratory at Institut Curie in 1987, and kindly revised my manuscript I am also grateful to Dr. J.-P. Buisson, always so amiable and efficient, whose knowledge of word-processing largely contributed to the fmal page-setting of this work.
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