Mitochondria are sometimes called the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, because mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis in the cell. ATP is the universal energy currency, it provides the power that runs all other life processes. Humans need oxygen to survive because of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The sugars from our diet are converted to carbon dioxide in mitochondria in a process that requires oxygen. Just like a fire needs oxygen to burn, our mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP. From textbooks and popular literature one can easily get the impression that all mitochondria require oxygen. But that is not the case. There are many groups of organismsm known that make ATP in mitochondria without the help of oxygen. They have preserved biochemical relicts from the early evolution of eukaryotic cells, which took place during times in Earth history when there was hardly any oxygen avaiable, certainly not enough to breathe. How the anaerobic forms of mitochondria work, in which organisms they occur, and how the eukaryotic anaerobes that possess them fit into the larger picture of rising atmospheric oxygen during Earth history are the topic of this book.
Race offers a compelling introduction to the study of ideas related to race throughout history. Its breadth of coverage, both geographically and temporally, provides readers with an expansive, global understanding of the term from the classical period onwards. This concise guide offers an overview of: Intersections of Race and Gender Race and Social Theory Identity, Ethnicity, and Immigration Whiteness Legislative and Judicial Markings of Difference Race in South Africa, Israel, East Asia, Asian America Blackness in a Global Context Race in the History of Science Critical Race Theory This clear and engaging study is essential reading for students of Literature, Culture, and Race.
Christianity presumes morality is connected in important ways to God. God & Morality in Christian Traditions explores a wide range of philosophical issues related to that connection, including the metaphysical foundations of morality, the Fall and its implications, and how faith can affect one’s ability to discern obligations. Also included is a robust treatment of how vice and virtue shape one’s ethical life, as well as a timely discussion of how people―both Christians and non-Christians―can address deep moral disagreement in a pluralistic society. Drawing on Catholic, Protestant, and free church traditions, this volume highlights perspectives drawn from the natural law tradition, divine command theory, and virtue ethics, among other theoretical frameworks. Along the way, the authors provide salient insights on metaethics, moral epistemology, character development, and applied ethics. Scholars and students in Christian ethics, philosophy, and theology will benefit from this carefully edited and rigorously argued collection of essays.
Dive into the shadowy corridors of history with Martin Sommer's "The Secret Brotherhood: Exploring the Odd Fellows' Path," a riveting exploration of one of the world's most enigmatic fraternal organizations. Sommer, writing under a pseudonym that reflects the secretive nature of his subject, unveils the mysterious world of the Odd Fellows and their profound influence on society, particularly in the German-speaking regions. With meticulous research and compelling narrative, Sommer brings to life the rituals, symbols, and principles that have defined the Odd Fellows for centuries. Discover their quests for personal growth, social responsibility, and moral integrity in a world that often overlooks such values. From their complex relationship with Freemasonry to their unyielding dedication to community service and charity, "The Secret Brotherhood" offers an unprecedented glimpse into the heart of this clandestine fraternity. Perfect for history enthusiasts, lovers of mystery, and anyone fascinated by the unseen threads that weave through society, this book promises to take you on a journey through time and secret spaces. "The Secret Brotherhood: Exploring the Odd Fellows' Path" is more than a book; it's an invitation to uncover the hidden legacy of brotherhood that continues to shape our world in unseen ways. Unlock the secrets with Martin Sommer as your guide – your view of history's hidden side will never be the same.
The author Judith Weintraub and her husband Dan are living in Switzerland. Now a pensioner, she can look back on an extremely eventful and demanding life. A life that she describes in her first book "Winding Roads" almost woodcut-like and with a lot of heart.
In this book, Jean Gros tells his life story from his youth to his release from captivity as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1922 as the child of German-Romanian settlers, under the name Ioan Grosz, in the Romanian Banat. The family lives in the small village of Ivanda near the city of Timisoara, where they run a small farm. In this environment, characterised by simple living conditions, Ioan experiences a carefree and mostly happy childhood. This ends, however, when he begins a butcher's apprenticeship in a neighbouring village. From now on, he has to face the first hardships of life. However, this period of his life is still proceeding along the usual lines for the time and the region. This all changes abruptly when the Third Reich sets out to recruit new soldiers from the ranks of the Romanian Germans. Ioan also gets caught up in the mills of the Nazi war machine, and like most of his compatriots, ends up in the Waffen SS. As the book progresses, it describes his traumatic war experiences and the depriving circumstances under which the missions are carried out. During his sorties he is also wounded several times. Despite all adversity, he tries to maintain contact with his family and childhood sweetheart, but this is not always successful, and the uncertainty about his family's circumstances becomes his constant companion. The war ends for him with another wound and years of imprisonment. The vivid description of the events takes the reader on a journey through Jean's life, which is exemplary for that of many young Romanian-Germans of that era. The reader also gets an impression of the way of life and the further fate of this ethnic community.
Signs of Identity presents an interdisciplinary introduction to collective identity, using insights from social psychology, anthropology, sociology and the humanities. It takes the basic concept of semiotics – the sign – as its central notion, and specifies in detail in what ways identity can be seen as a sign, how it functions as a sign, and how signs of identity are related to those who have that identity. Recognizing that the sense of belonging is both the source of solidarity and discrimination, the book argues for the importance of emotional attachment to collective identity. The argument is supported by a large number of real-life examples of how collective emotions affect group formation, collective action and inter-group relations. By addressing the current issues of authenticity and the Self, multiculturalism, intersectionality and social justice, the book helps to stimulate discussion of the contested topics of identity in contemporary society.
What are the consequences of globalization for the structure of political conflicts in Western Europe? How are political conflicts organized and articulated in the twenty-first century? And how does the transformation of territorial boundaries affect the scope and content of political conflicts? This book sets out to answer these questions by analyzing the results of a study of national and European electoral campaigns, protest events and public debates in six West European countries. While the mobilization of the losers in the processes of globalization by new right populist parties is seen to be the driving force of the restructuring of West European politics, the book goes beyond party politics. It attempts to show how the cleavage coalitions that are shaping up under the impact of globalization extend to state actors, interest groups and social movement organizations, and how the new conflicts are framed by the various actors involved.
Memoir Ethics: Good Lives and the Virtues is a philosophical study of moral themes in memoirs, exploring how memoirists present and defend perspectives on good lives. It pays particular attention to the interplay of the virtues, including their interplay with additional (non-moral) types of values in good lives. More generally, it explores the relevance of memoir to moral philosophy, and in turn how moral philosophy enters into elucidating and critiquing memoirs. Memoirs are understood as non-fiction narratives written by oneself and significantly about oneself (including full-life autobiographies). Mike W. Martin explores perspectives on good lives as they are expressed in memoirs written by both philosophers and non-philosophers. Most of the chapters focus on one of the generic aspects of good lives: moral goodness, authenticity, meaningfulness, happiness, health, and self-fulfillment. The book clarifies how memoirists often employ life-based arguments in defending value perspectives, and it includes a discussion of whether philosophers’ memoirs are distinctive, compared to memoirs by non-philosophers and also compared to other forums for doing philosophy. Martin highlights some parallels between features of good lives and features of memoirs; for example, both can be said to be meaningful, authentic, and having virtues such as wisdom and courage. Demonstrating how memoirs are rich resources in exploring the good lives and exploring ways in which philosophical ethics provide tools for interpreting memoirs, Memoir Ethics will be of interest to a broad audience of students, scholars, and general readers, including anyone interested in ethics or the connections between literature and philosophy.
In History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands, Martin Wein traces the interaction of Czechs and Jews, but also of Christian German-speakers, Slovaks, and other groups in the Bohemian lands and in Czechoslovakia throughout the first half of the twentieth century. This period saw accelerated nation-building and nation-cleansing in the context of hegemony exercised by a changing cast of great powers, namely Austria-Hungary, France, Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union. The author examines Christian-Jewish and inner-Jewish relations in various periods and provinces, including in Subcarpathian Ruthenia, emphasizing interreligious alliances of Jews with Protestants, such as T. G. Masaryk, and political parties, for example a number of Social Democratic ones. The writings of Prague’s Czech-German-Jewish founders of theories of nationalism, Hans Kohn, Karl W. Deutsch, and Ernest Gellner, help to interpret this history.
Guided sightseeing tours of the former township of Katutura have been offered in Windhoek since the mid-1990s. City tourism in the Namibian capital had thus become, at quite an early point in time, part of the trend towards utilising poor urban areas for purposes of tourism – a trend that set in at the beginning of the same decade. Frequently referred to as “slum tourism” or “poverty tourism”, the phenomenon of guided tours around places of poverty has not only been causing some media sensation and much public outrage since its emergence; in the past few years, it has developed into a vital field of scientific research, too. “Global Slumming” provides the grounds for a rethinking of the relationship between poverty and tourism in world society. This book is the outcome of a study project of the Institute of Geography at the School of Cultural Studies and Social Science of the University of Osnabrueck, Germany. It represents the first empirical case study on township tourism in Namibia. It focuses on four aspects: 1. Emergence, development and (market) structure of township tourism in Windhoek 2. Expectations/imaginations, representations as well as perceptions of the township and its inhabitants from the tourist’s perspective 3. Perception and assessment of township tourism from the residents’ perspective 4. Local economic effects and the poverty-alleviating impact of township tourism The aim is to make an empirical contribution to the discussion around the tourism-poverty nexus and to an understanding of the global phenomenon of urban poverty tourism.
Using a unique behavioral assessment and treatment planning framework, the updated Sixth Edition provides a systematic overview of behavioral and cognitive principles and their applications to a wide range of issues and situations encountered in human services professions. Up-to-date practice examples drawn from eight diverse case studies illustrate the range and versatility of the behavior change approach in an increasingly diverse and multicultural society, while an innovative chapter on clinical applications of behavioral and cognitive intervention techniques also addresses current influences in the field. This edition embraces the rigorous empirical foundations that have made this approach such a significant contributor to the national and international therapeutic milieu of the 21st century.
A pulsating account of the young RAF and American fighter boys who flew Spitfires, Hurricanes, Thunderbolts and Mustangs during 1940-45. It is unique in that the story is told using first person accounts from RAF, German and American Eagles who fought in the skies over England in the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940 and the great air offensives over occupied-Europe from 1942 onwards. The first five and a half chapters cover the Battle of Britain period when the RAF squadrons fought dog fights with the Luftwaffe and then fought them in gathering strength using the Big Wings to meet the bomber fleets attacking London. The second part of the book covers the Eagle squadron period, which was expanded with Americas entry into the war. The action moves to the USAAF Big Wings of Thunderbolts and Mustang fighters that flew escort missions and dueled with the Luftwaffe over the continent during the massive bomber raids on German targets in France, the Low Countries and the Reich itself. A whole host of incredible first hand accounts by British, Polish, Czech, German and American fighter pilots permeate the action and describe the aerial battles as only they can. This unique book also includes many accounts and photos that have not previously been seen before while the rich mix of combat accounts from all sides are brought together for the first time in one volume.
Nonverbal Communication in Everyday Life, Fourth Edition, is the most comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and up-to-date introduction to the subject of nonverbal communication available today. Renowned author Martin S. Remland introduces nonverbal communication in a concise and engaging format that connects foundational concepts, current theory, and new research findings to familiar everyday interactions. Presented in three parts, the text offers full and balanced coverage of the functions, channels, and applications of nonverbal communication. This approach not only gives students a strong foundation, but also allows them to fully appreciate the importance of nonverbal communication in their personal and professional lives.
History no longer belongs only to historians, but is woven into the fabric and discourse of daily life. This fresh and wide-ranging survey explores how new media and new historiographic approaches are dramatically expanding what we understand by “history” today. Controversy about the aims and limits of historical analysis has raged ever since the rise of postmodern history in the 1970s. But these debates have rarely affected the understanding of history in Central and Eastern Europe. The volume confirms the crucial importance of audiovisual and mass media, from film to television and radio to comics, but does not exclude literary scholars and art historians who are also rethinking their methods, taking note of their new consumers. If history formerly appeared to be a one-way transmission of expertise, it is increasingly a dynamic engagement between researchers and audiences.
This volume argues that the notion of “affections” discussed by Jonathan Edwards (and Christian theologians before him) means something very different from what contemporary English speakers now call “emotions.” and that Edwards's notions of affections came almost entirely from traditional Christian theology in general and the Reformed tradition in particular. Ryan J. Martin demonstrates that Christian theologians for centuries emphasized affection for God, associated affections with the will, and distinguished affections from passions; generally explaining affections and passions to be inclinations and aversions of the soul. This was Edwards's own view, and he held it throughout his entire ministry. Martin further argues that Edwards's view came not as a result of his reading of John Locke, or the pressures of the Great Awakening (as many Edwardsean scholars argue), but from his own biblical interpretation and theological education. By analysing patristic, medieval and post-medieval thought and the journey of Edwards's psychology, Martin shows how, on their own terms, pre-modern Christians historically defined and described human psychology.
Featuring a unique selection of wide-ranging experiences of British and Commonwealth Bomber Command aircrew during World War Two, this new release details the deep sea bombing raids that occurred within this time-frame. The enduring bravery and fortitude of these bomber pilots is communicated through a series of first-hand recollections, as is their humour and occasional cynicism. All reflect the ethos, fear and bravery of these ordinary men, most of whom were plucked from 'civvy street' and thrust into a frightening, bitter conflict which was made even more dangerous by the lethal advance of technology.With characteristic self-effacing modesty, the pilots, gunners, navigators and engineers tell of acts of great heroism, of dreadful injuries bravely borne, and personal fears overcome in the heat of battle. A comprehensive account of RAF Bomber operations on the infamous German warship Tirpitz is included, alongside many other similarly dramatic episodes. The gentle and unassuming narratives convey the sense of purpose that these men felt, employed in some of the most dangerous yet vital operations of the war. It is a fitting tribute to those that survived and the many thousands who died in the struggle against Hitler's dreadful ambitions in Europe.
Dr Myant presents a detailed account of the development and performance of the Czech economy over a period of forty years, and reveals the problems and tensions created by the chosen system of centralised planning. Dr Myant's conclusion is that any economic reform will have little substance unless accompanied by appropriate political change.
For 25 years, Lewis's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has been the cornerstone of every child and adolescent psychiatrist’s library. Now, three colleagues of Dr. Lewis at the world-renowned Yale Child Study Center, have substantially updated and revised this foundational textbook for its long-awaited fifth edition, the first in ten years. Encyclopedic in scope, it continues to serve as a broad reference, deftly encompassing and integrating scientific principles, research methodologies, and everyday clinical care.
An understanding of crop physiology and ecophysiology enables the horticulturist to manipulate a plant’s metabolism towards the production of compounds that are beneficial for human health when that plant is part of the diet or the source of phytopharmaceutical compounds. The first part of the book introduces the concept of Controlled Environment Horticulture as a horticultural production technique used to maximize yields via the optimization of access to growing factors. The second part describes the use of this production technique in order to induce stress responses in the plant via the modulation of these growing factors and, importantly, the way that this manipulation induces defence reactions in the plant resulting in the production of compounds beneficial for human health. The third part provides guidance for the implementation of this knowledge in horticultural production.
Mycotoxins are substances produced from fungal secondary metabolic processes. They impair animal health, thereby causing great economic losses of livestock through disease. Livestock come into contact with mycotoxins through contaminated feedstuff. Feedstuff is any of the constituent nutrients of an animal ration. The plants used in feed, such as grains, oil seeds, nuts, and root crops, are susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxins in Feedstuffs lists (in the style of a dictionary) feeds which have been reported to have been contaminated with mycotoxins, including data on the degree of contamination, the concentration of the toxins, and the country of origin and/or detection of the contaminated feed. This second edition will feature: - More than 180 new publications concerning mycotoxins in feedstuffs. - A more efficient organization of the content, making the book easier to use in daily practice. - A single-chapter overview of mycotoxins in the corresponding feedstuffs.
This monograph is a study of optimal control applied to cancer chemotherapy, the treatment of cancer using drugs that kill cancer cells. The aim is to determine whether current methods for the administration of chemotherapy are optimal, and if alternative regimens should be considered.The research utilizes the mathematical theory of optimal control, an active research area for many mathematicians, scientists, and engineers. It is of multidisciplinary nature, having been applied to areas ranging from engineering to biomedicine. The aim in optimal control is to achieve a given objective at minimum cost. A set of differential equations is used to describe the evolution in time of the process being modelled, and constraints limit the policies that can be used to attain the objective.In this monograph, mathematical models are used to construct optimal drug schedules. These are treatment guidelines specifying which drug to deliver, when, and at what dose. Many current drug schedules have been derived empirically, based upon ?rules of thumb?.The monograph has been structured so that most of the high-level mathematics is introduced in a special appendix. In this way, a scientist can skip the more subtle aspects of the theory and still understand the biomedical applications that follow. However, the text is self-contained so that a deeper understanding of the mathematics of optimal control can be gained from the mathematical appendix.The mathematical models in this book and the associated computer simulations show that low intensity chemotherapy is a better choice of treatment than high intensity chemotherapy, under certain conditions.
Build new chess skills and practice key tactics with these 500 entertaining, beginner chess exercises so you can improve your game. For new chess enthusiasts who are eager to practice and grow their skills, Beginner Chess Puzzles has hundreds of puzzles to up your game! 500 puzzles take you through all aspects of the game—from openings and middlegame strategies to endgame moves that will take you to checkmate. Including the basic rules and instructions on how to play the puzzles, Beginner Chess Puzzles takes you through all the must-know motifs with puzzles to practice each. “Workout” sections throughout include puzzles that practice any of the skills learned up to that point; without additional information, players must detect which motifs need to be deployed—much like an actual chess game. Clear chessboard diagrams allow players to picture every puzzle, and the detailed answer key lets players check their work and ensure they come up with the best solution. Allowing new players to improve skills on their own, offline, and in a take-anywhere format, Beginner Chess Puzzles is the perfect gift for chess fanatics of any age.
Výbor ze studií literárního historika a editora Martina Machovce, které vznikaly v posledních dvou dekádách (2000–2018), představuje celou řadu faset uvažování o fenoménu undergroundu. V jednotlivých studiích se zabývá zejména undergroundovou literaturou z okruhu I. M. Jirouse a rockové skupiny The Plastic People of the Universe, ale věnuje pozornost i širším souvislostem této literatury – jejím předchůdcům z 50. let (okruh Egona Bondyho a Ivo Vodseďálka), roli ve společenství Charty 77, vazbám na angloamerické prostředí nebo hudebním a scénickým realizacím a způsobu, jakým byly tyto texty v samizdatu šířeny. In this collection of writings produced between 2000 and 2018, the pioneering literary historian of the Czech underground, Martin Machovec, examines the multifarious nature of the underground phenomenon. After devoting considerable attention to the circle surrounding the band The Plastic People of the Universe and their manager, the poet Ivan M. Jirous, Machovec turns outward to examine the broader concept of the underground, comparing the Czech incarnation not only with the movements of its Central and Eastern European neighbors, but also with those in the world at large. In one essay, he reflects on the so-called Půlnoc Editions, which published illegal texts in the darkest days of the late forties and early fifties. In other essays, Machovec examines the relationship between illegal texts published at home (samizdat) and those smuggled out to be published abroad (tamizdat), as well as the range of literature that can be classified as samizdat, drawing attention to movements frequently overlooked by literary critics. In his final, previously unpublished essay, Machovec examines Jirous’s “Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival” not as a merely historical document, but as literature itself.
This book examines social inequalities in Europe, especially those caused by economic factors. It starts with the paradox of European inequality, where on the one hand, even total income inequality in Europe is significantly lower than in most parts of the world; but on the other, Europe is also characterised by profound and durable inequalities within the continent. It discusses inequalities caused by the exclusion of marginalised groups from the labour market, with considerable and sometimes increasing differences between central and peripheral regions, pronounced wealth and labour market inequalities, and significant rates of persistent poverty, deprivation, educational poverty, low wages and unemployment. The book also discusses broader territorial inequalities, which are the basis for divisions between Northern and Southern Europe, East and West, between qualified and unqualified employees, younger and older people, men and women, and migrants and non-migrants. The book raises questions about the winners and losers of the social transformations linked to the introduction of the Euro, the Eastern enlargement of the EU, and the financial and Eurozone crises. It is based on a comprehensive analysis of a European-wide microdata set on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). The empirical research material, which is the first to deploy this data in a comprehensive manner, consists of detailed empirical analyses of social divisions and Europeanisation processes in 30 European countries. It analyses and explains the transformation of the previously dominant national spaces into a European social space. This topical book is of interest to academics and students in the fields of sociology and comparative social sciences, along with those studying European regional geography, anthropology, international relations, and international politics.
Loneliness is just a word," she whispered almost inaudibly as she let go of my hand and lowered her head, but I heard it. Theo Baldauf lives in an assisted living facility in Vienna. He is 66 years old and was born with Down syndrome. He makes his day by making key chains in an assisted workshop. But his purpose is the subway. Equipped with a cap and loudspeaker (two toilet paper rolls), he is the actual stationmaster of the Längenfeldgasse station. Always in tow is his imaginary friend James Bond. Theo couldn't complain if it weren't for his Lisi ... "Der Selbstfahrer" describes the world from Mr. Baldauf's point of view. Funny incidents and whimsicalities meet sensitive passages to think about and think along. The theme music for the book was composed by the author and made available for you on youtube.
Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management, 2nd edition focuses 100% on the most common problems that can occur during pediatric urologic surgery, and how best to resolve them, ensuring the best possible outcome for the patient. As well as being thoroughly revised with the latest in management guidelines, brand new to this edition are a host of clinical case studies highlighting real-life problems during urologic surgery and the tips and tricks used by the surgeon to resolve issues faced. These will be invaluable for urology trainees learning their trade as well as for those preparing for Board or other specialty exams. Chapters will include problem solving sections as well as key take-home points. In addition, high-quality teaching videos showing urologic surgery in action will be included via the companion website - again proving an invaluable tool for all those seeking to improve their surgical skills. Edited by an experienced and international trio of urologists, they will recruit the world’s leading experts, resulting in a uniform, high-quality and evidence-based approach to the topic. Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management, 2nd edition is essential reading for all urologists, especially those specialising in pediatric urology and urologic surgery, as well as general surgeons.
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.