Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2,1, University of Sunderland (University of Sunderland), course: Contemporary Management, 27 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: After five years of vast losses, especially for the IATA Carrier, which are all scheduled airlines, 2007 will be a successful year for the airline industry, with a forecasted profit of $8.5 billion. The early 21st century marked the industry with high losses and consolidation. Due to the reason that the industry sector highly depends on the external environment: the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, magnified by the weak economic conditions in many major countries and more recently the Iraq War and SARS epidemic, have made the last five years unhappy ones, especially for most of the schedules airlines. In addition to that, the liberalisation of the European aviation market enabled low cost airlines to reshape the competitive environment and to make significant impacts in the world's domestic passenger markets, which have previously been largely controlled by full service carriers. The overall market situation is dominated by increasing pressure on cost and productiveness. The global market trend forces a high company concentration that strengthens market positions. Lufthansa - Germany's national carrier was faced, like all other national carriers with the above-mentioned problems and had to find its way out of the crisis. The central question of this report is: With which tools did Lufthansa solve these problems? And are these tools sufficient to be competitive for future developments? This report paper is dealing with the developments in airline business illustrated with the example of Germany's national carrier, the Lufthansa AG, and the enormous company restructuring toward an ideal global player in a highly competitive environment. By analysing the internal and external influences, p
This book focuses on helping readers to fill the gap of the little known history between Western Europe and its most important trading partner: the People’s Republic of China. Inspired by the economic and political signifance of Sino-European relations, this book shows how the China policies of the three biggest states of Western Europe – Britain, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany – helped China reintegrate into the international community in the 1970s. Against the background of the Cold War, the end of Maoism, and the emergence of globalization, the governments in Bonn, Paris and London had to find ways of dealing with Europe’s declining influence and promote their own national interests in Asia. Based on newly declassified government files, readers will find such sources invaluable in understanding the argument that, despite pursuing very different policies, the three governments supported a rapid expansion of peaceful exchange between the People’s Republic and Europe and substantially contributed to the success of Beijing's reform policy.
Durante los años noventa, Estados Unidos conoció un resurgir del crecimiento económico. Aunque este fenómeno se explica en parte por razones de ciclo, existen otras de orden estructural e influencia a largo plazo, en particular el papel del capital asociado a las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (ICT, según sus siglas en inglés), y la producción de activos en este sector. El contraste entre la tasa de crecimiento de Estados Unidos y el avance mucho más modesto de la Unión Europea se ha atribuido, en ocasiones, al retraso del Viejo Continente en el uso y la producción de activos relacionados con las nuevas tecnologías. Esta obra analiza el crecimiento, la medición del capital y las nuevas tecnologías. Para ello, reúne las ponencias presentadas y debatidas, a finales de noviembre de 2002, en un seminario internacional organizado por la Fundación BBVA y el Instituto Valenciano de Estudios Económicos (Ivie) en Valencia. Todas las ponencias se han sometido a un proceso de revisión y actualización antes de ser incluidas en el volumen. Esta colección de trabajos pretende facilitar el conocimiento y la comprensión de los factores que subyacen al crecimiento económico y a la mejora de la productividad de los años noventa y, en particular, al papel desempeñado por las ICT.
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One of the best books in years of an artist’s writings: elegant, pithy and full of insights' — Sir Nicholas Serota, Director, Tate Celebrated artist and influential teacher Michael Craig-Martin’s first book is a lively mix of reminiscence, personal manifesto, anecdote and advice for the aspiring artist. Craig-Martin's life has been as colourful and varied as his distinctive work. From an early childhood that took him from wartime Dublin to postwar Washington D.C. and Bogotà, and student life in New York and at Yale University, he has gone on to enjoy a successful international career, feted around the world with major exhibitions, high-profile commissions and numerous honours. In On Being An Artist, Craig-Martin reflects with both wit and candour on the many people, ideas and events that have shaped his professional life. In a series of short and entertaining episodes, he recounts his time studying under the influence of legendary artist Josef Albers at Yale University School of Art alongside Chuck Close, Richard Serra and other soon-to-be-famous radicals; his memories of meeting personal heroes such as Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns and John Cage for the time; his efforts to explain his art to a bewildered astrophysicist at high table at King's College, Cambridge; his astonishment at seeing the house and art collection of Charles Saatchi for the first time; and his surreal experience of staking out Christine Keeler at the height of the Profumo scandal. He recalls, too, his first tentative steps as a practising artist and emergence as a key figure of early conceptual art in Britain. He also looks back on his achievements as a teacher at Goldsmiths, where he nurtured two generations of students, among them Damien Hirst and Sarah Lucas, earning himself the sobriquet 'the godfather of the YBAs'. As he considers the development of his own career and the evolution of the art world over the last half century, he offers the benefit of insights gained from his professional highs and lows, revealing the essential attributes and knowledge that one needs as an artist today. He also tackles controversial issues such as the fashionability of contemporary art, the enduring status of painting, the relevance of life drawing and practical skills, the qualities of art schools, the role of commercial dealers, the importance of speaking clearly about art, and the judgment of what is good and bad in art. More than the life of one of the most creative minds of our age, On Being An Artist provides lesson after valuable lesson to anyone wishing to know what it means and what it takes to be an artist today.
Working paper, focusing on the impact of soaring commodity prices, notably for food and energy on the economy and public finances of Mediterranean neighbour countries of the EU. Just before the global crisis soaring commodity prices pushed up inflation significantly, not least in EU neighbour countries at the Mediterranean. These price shocks affected public finances in the southern Mediterranean region, notably via government subsidies. Partly due to lags in the transmission of commodity prices into prices for final users the subsidies burden continued to be felt, despite the price falls registered in the wake of the credit crisis. We show that downward price rigidities play a role. Recently, commodity price pressures have re-emerged. We focus on food prices and analyse recent developments in food inflation in Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the occupied Palestinian territories, Syria and Tunisia in comparison with other middle income economies. Subsidies on food and fuel are quantified per country for the period 2002-2010. The incremental government subsidies entail an estimated deterioration of the government balances of up to more than 2% of GDP in 2008 and, for most countries only slight improvements in the global recession year 2009. Ensuing longer-term challenges for public finances remain as inflation rises on the back of higher global economic growth. As recent events in Tunisia illustrate, these can have important political implications. Finally, the paper discusses some options that can lead to more efficient government spending, even in the event of sharp swings in prices of basic necessities."--Publication information page.
Asia, ethics and everything digital are the future of the luxury industry. But what does that mean in practice for managers and marketers? What is the best way to do business in China? How can a business ensure customers talk about a sustainable line of products? Should brands invite more bloggers than journalists to their next runway show? Do they really need more retail locations, or should they shift focus to e-commerce? How do luxury businesses engage the next generation of critical, informed and digital-savvy customers with a brand ... and then command their loyalty? It's time to rethink how to market luxury products and services.
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