Thomas Jefferson once stated that the foremost goal of American education must be to nurture the "natural aristocracy of talent and virtue." Although in many ways American higher education has fulfilled Jefferson's vision by achieving a widespread level of excellence, it has not achieved the objective of equity implicit in Jefferson's statement. In Equity and Excellence in American Higher Education, William G. Bowen, Martin A. Kurzweil, and Eugene M. Tobin explore the cause for this divide. Employing historical research, examination of the most recent social science and public policy scholarship, international comparisons, and detailed empirical analysis of rich new data, the authors study the intersection between "excellence" and "equity" objectives. Beginning with a time line tracing efforts to achieve equity and excellence in higher education from the American Revolution to the early Cold War years, this narrative reveals the halting, episodic progress in broadening access across the dividing lines of gender, race, religion, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The authors argue that despite our rhetoric of inclusiveness, a significant number of youth from poor families do not share equal access to America's elite colleges and universities. While America has achieved the highest level of educational attainment of any country, it runs the risk of losing this position unless it can markedly improve the precollegiate preparation of students from racial minorities and lower-income families. After identifying the "equity" problem at the national level and studying nineteen selective colleges and universities, the authors propose a set of potential actions to be taken at federal, state, local, and institutional levels. With recommendations ranging from reform of the admissions process, to restructuring of federal financial aid and state support of public universities, to addressing the various precollegiate obstacles that disadvantaged students face at home and in school, the authors urge all selective colleges and universities to continue race-sensitive admissions policies, while urging the most selective (and privileged) institutions to enroll more well-qualified students from families with low socioeconomic status.
A penetrating exploration of affirmative action's continued place in 21st-century higher education, The Next Twenty-five Years assembles the viewpoints of some of the most influential scholars, educators, university leaders, and public officials. Its comparative essays range the political spectrum and debates in two nations to survey the legal, political, social, economic, and moral dimensions of affirmative action and its role in helping higher education contribute to a just, equitable, and vital society. David L. Featherman is Professor of Sociology and Psychology and Founding Director of the Center for Advancing Research and Solutions for Society at the University of Michigan. Martin Hall is Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salford, Greater Manchester, and previously was Deputy Vice- Chancellor at the University of Cape Town. Marvin Krislov is President of Oberlin College and previously was Vice President and General Counsel at the University of Michigan.
This reference handbook surveys research on the central issue associated with the teaching of unprepared writers. Though basic writing has only been recognized as a distinct area of teaching and research since 1975, the existing bibliographic texts already seem limited due to their age or lack of annotation. This volume provides current and extensive bibliographic essays and will help to define this new field of study for teachers and researchers. Following an introduction that summarizes the origins and significant texts in basic writing, the book is divided into three sections, Social Science Perspectives, Linguistic Perspectives, and Pedagogical Perspectives. The first section, which contains three essays, views the field through the lens of social, psychological, and political issues. The second section, also containing three essays, examines contributions made from studies of grammar, dialects, and second-language acquisition. The third section, in its four essays, focuses on the design, development, administration, and evaluation of basic writing courses, the use of computers in basic writing classrooms, the role of the writing lab, and the preparation of basic writing teachers. An appendix that reviews current textbooks for basic writing courses is also included, as well as an index. This book will be a valuable resource for teachers of basic writing, in education courses and workshops that train teachers and tutors, and in fields such as linguistics, technical writing, and Teaching English as a Second Language. It will also be an important addition to public and university libraries and many education programs.
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