Trafficking with Demons explores how magic was perceived, practiced, and prohibited in western Europe during the first millennium CE. Through the overlapping frameworks of religion, ritual, and gender, Martha Rampton connects early Christian reckonings with pagan magic to later doctrines and dogmas. Challenging established views on the role of women in ritual magic during this period, Rampton provides a new narrative of the ways in which magic was embedded within the foundational assumptions of western European society, informing how people understood the cosmos, divinity, and their own Christian faith. As Rampton shows, throughout the first Christian millennium, magic was thought to play a natural role within the functioning of the universe and existed within a rational cosmos hierarchically arranged according to a "great chain of being." Trafficking with the "demons of the lower air" was the essense of magic. Interactions with those demons occurred both in highly formalistic, ritual settings and on a routine and casual basis. Rampton tracks the competition between pagan magic and Christian belief from the first century CE, when it was fiercest, through the early Middle Ages, as atavistic forms of magic mutated and found sanctuary in the daily habits of the converted peoples and new paganisms entered Europe with their own forms of magic. By the year 1000, she concludes, many forms of magic had been tamed and were, by the reckoning of the elite, essentially ineffective, as were the women who practiced it and the rituals that attended it.
Trafficking with Demons explores how magic was perceived, practiced, and prohibited in western Europe during the first millennium CE. Through the overlapping frameworks of religion, ritual, and gender, Martha Rampton connects early Christian reckonings with pagan magic to later doctrines and dogmas. Challenging established views on the role of women in ritual magic during this period, Rampton provides a new narrative of the ways in which magic was embedded within the foundational assumptions of western European society, informing how people understood the cosmos, divinity, and their own Christian faith. As Rampton shows, throughout the first Christian millennium, magic was thought to play a natural role within the functioning of the universe and existed within a rational cosmos hierarchically arranged according to a "great chain of being." Trafficking with the "demons of the lower air" was the essense of magic. Interactions with those demons occurred both in highly formalistic, ritual settings and on a routine and casual basis. Rampton tracks the competition between pagan magic and Christian belief from the first century CE, when it was fiercest, through the early Middle Ages, as atavistic forms of magic mutated and found sanctuary in the daily habits of the converted peoples and new paganisms entered Europe with their own forms of magic. By the year 1000, she concludes, many forms of magic had been tamed and were, by the reckoning of the elite, essentially ineffective, as were the women who practiced it and the rituals that attended it.
This book offers contemporary perspectives on English pronunciation teaching and research in the context of increasing multilingualism and English as an international language. It reviews current theory and practice in pronunciation pedagogy, language learning, language assessment, and technological developments, and presents an expanded view of pronunciation in communication, education, and employment. Its eight chapters provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of pronunciation and the linguistic and social functions it fulfils. Topics include pronunciation in first and second language acquisition; instructional approaches and factors impacting teachers’ curriculum decisions; methods for assessing pronunciation; the use of technology for pronunciation teaching, learning, and testing; pronunciation issues of teachers who are second-language speakers; and applications of pronunciation research and pedagogy in L1 literacy and speech therapy, forensic linguistics, and health, workplace, and political communication. The chapters also critically examine the research base supporting specific teaching approaches and identify research gaps in need of further investigation. This rigorous work will provide an invaluable resource for teachers and teacher educators; in addition to researchers in the fields of applied linguistics, phonology and communication.
Boost profits, margins, and customer loyalty with more effective CRM strategy Managing Customer Experience and Relationships, Third Edition positions the customer as central to long-term strategy, and provides essential guidance toward optimizing that relationship for the long haul. By gaining a deep understanding of this critical dynamic, you'll become better able to build and manage the customer base that drives revenue and generates higher margins. A practical framework for implementing the IDIC model merges theory, case studies, and strategic analysis to provide a ready blueprint for execution, and in-depth discussion of communication, metrics, analytics, and more allows you to optimize the relationship on both sides of the table. This new third edition includes updated examples, case studies, and references, alongside insightful contributions from global industry leaders to give you a well-rounded, broadly-applicable knowledge base and a more effective CRM strategy. Ancillary materials include a sample syllabus, PowerPoints, chapter questions, and a test bank, facilitating use in any classroom or training session. The increased reliance on customer relationship management has revealed a strong need for knowledgeable practitioners who can deploy effective initiatives. This book provides a robust foundation in CRM principles and practices, to help any business achieve higher customer satisfaction. Understand the fundamental principles of the customer relationship Implement the IDIC model to improve CRM ROI Identify essential metrics for CRM evaluation and optimization Increase customer loyalty to drive profits and boost margins Sustainable success comes from the customer. If your company is to meet performance and profitability goals, effective customer relationship management is the biggest weapon in your arsenal—but it must be used appropriately. Managing Customer Experience and Relationships, Third Edition provides the information, practical framework, and expert insight you need to implement winning CRM strategy.
Investigates the language learning, multiple literacy development, and schooling and community experiences of the Somali population in Minnesota - a community which is Muslim, refugee, and under-schooled Brings together five years of interdisciplinary research, drawing upon theories from the fields of applied linguistics, second language acquisition, education, and sociology Uses a range of epistemological frames to explore central and contemporary problems that tie language learning to racialized, religious, and gendered identities Argues for the centrality of socio-political contexts in language learning and for the integration of advocacy and research
Combining analyses of feminist legal theory, legal doctrine, and feminist social movements, The Oxford Handbook of Feminism and Law in the United States offers a comprehensive overview of U.S. legal feminism. Contributions by leading feminist thinkers trace the impacts of legal feminism on legal claims and defenses and demonstrate how feminism has altered and transformed understandings of basic legal concepts, from sexual harassment and gender equity in sports to new conceptions of consent and motherhood. Its chapters connect legal feminism to adjacent intellectual discourses, such as masculinities theory and queer theory, and scrutinize criticisms and backlash to feminism from all sides of the political spectrum. Its examination of the prominent brands of feminist legal theory shows the links and divergences among feminist scholars, highlighting the continued relevance of established theories (liberal, dominance, and relational feminism) and the increased importance of new intersectional, sex-positive, and postmodern approaches. Unique in its triple focus on theory, doctrine, and social movements, the Handbook recounts the history of activist struggles to pass the Equal Right Amendment, the Anti-Rape and Battered Movements of the 1970s, the contemporary movements for reproductive justice and against campus sexual assault, as well as the #MeToo movement. The emphasis on theory and feminist practice animates discussions of feminist legal pedagogy and feminist influences on judges and judicial decision making. Chapters on emerging areas of law ripe for feminist analysis explore foundational subjects such as contracts, tax, and tort law, and imagine feminist and social justice approaches to digital privacy and intellectual property law, environmental law, and immigration law. The Handbook provides a broad picture of the intellectual landscape and allows both new and established scholars to gain an in-depth understanding of the full range of feminist influence on U.S. law.
Utopia forms a major aspect of human desire, one that is as important as religion. Understanding utopia and the ways in which it can collapse into dystopia is crucial in many disciplines. Fantastic literature (including science fiction and fantasy) is the only form of literature that takes utopia/dystopia seriously. Therefore, analysis of these works provides a basis for serious experimentation in social science. In this volume, critics analyze contemporary literary thought experiments such as 1984 and We. They show how utopian experiments can easily slide into dystopia. Exploring these fictional sociocultural, political experiments gives us new ways to think about our lives and culture. While literature, history, and political science professors may find this book useful, it can also serve as a call to arms to anyone dedicated to maintaining freedom and humane living in the world today.
Just in time for Mother's Day comes a heartwarming collection of Regency romances that celebrate the blossoming of a mother's love for her children and a man's devotion to the woman who cares for his family. Filled with hopes and heartaches, tears and laughter, and the special joy that only a mother can bring, this wondrous volume is a tireless gift to treasure any day of the year.
A lifetime of wisdom has been compiled on the pages of Martha! Martha! As each author shares from the insights gained from their personal walk with God, we are invited to join the adventure that leads the willing heart to growth in the knowledge of Jesus Christ.
Elder Martha Z. Garkpi was born on December 15, 1949, in Zia, Lower Nimba County, Liberia. She was known to be a major pillar in every community in which she lived. She was very skilled and had many trades and titles to prove it. She was a wonderful mother, evangelist, and educator, striving to serve her people as God called her to do. She was an elder at Living Word Ministries International (Houston, Texas) and was also the matriarch of the church family. She taught at all of the Calvary Baptist Schools and Living Word Academy in Monrovia, Liberia, as well as the Alpha Child Development Center in Houston. Ms. Marthas love for her people was apparent and a blessing in many lives. She spread her wings and flew home June 17, 2017, leaving behind this legacy and many people who loved her. As a result of her hard work, she was posthumously awarded a proclamation from Congresswoman Sheila Jackson (Texas) in July of 2017.
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