This is the first book that tells the story of how a small slice of eastern Pennsylvania became the cradle of the American Industrial Revolution. Pennsylvania was America's powerhouse in the nineteenth century, supplying the hot-burning, high-energy anthracite coal that ignited the iron and, later, steel industries that transformed the United States. This revolution began in the five counties-Bucks, Northampton, Lehigh, Carbon, and Luzerne-that are now designated the Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor. This is where geography, geology, and human genius met to begin the building of modern America.With maps, illustrations, and historic photographs, this book traces the development of the innovative industries that were founded in the Corridor as a result of this confluence of waterways, minerals, and minds-industries that became dominant in the nation and even the world during the past 200 years. As well, we see the people-some famous, some forgotten-whose persistence, determination, and hard work built those industries.
Nicknamed the Keystone State, Pennsylvania has a long, rich history, that has been a major force in shaping America through the centuries. It is one of the 13 original United States, and two famous locations in the state--Valley Forge and Gettysburg--were key to the Revolutionary War and Civil War, respectively. Whether it is the blunt attitude of Philadelphians, the hard-work ethic that survived the end of Pittsburgh steel, or the bucolic countrysides still influenced by their German past and Amish culture, Pennsylvania has a character all its own. Learn about the original American Indian Nations; the Dutch, German, Swedish, French, and English settlers; the growth and decline of various manufacturing industries; the modern metropolises; Andrew Carnegie, Kevin Bacon, Tina Fey, and other notable people; get answers to nearly 800 questions, including Who were the Quakers? Was there once really a Westsylvania? What is the Appalachian Trail?
Once among the wealthiest communities in the country, Catasauqua was the birthplace of the modern American iron and steel industry. The energy and inventiveness of industrialists such as David Thomas, J.W. Fuller, and Leonard Peckitt spurred the growth and spread the fame of the Iron Borough far beyond the Lehigh Valley. Entrepreneurs and workers flocked to Catasauqua and North Catasauqua. They filled its mansions and row houses, churches and schools, silk mills, saloons, and playing fields with families who were proud to call the "Million Dollar Town" home. Their pride is evident in the images in Catasauqua and North Catasauqua. Bustling businesses, spacious schools, cherished churches, opulent houses, big parades and public celebrations, and strong, confident faces abound in these photographs. The culmination of that pride and prosperity came in 1914, when Catasauqua welcomed the world to celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Crane Iron Works with Old Home Week. Less than ten years later, the iron business was gone, its last years recorded in extraordinary photographs. Life in Catasauqua, though harder, went on and today, the heritage of the Iron Borough days is visible everywhere in both towns-the streets, houses, and churches still loved and lived in as they were a century or more ago.
When the first German, Huguenot, and Scotch-Irish settlers arrived in what is now Whitehall Township nearly three hundred years ago, their lives were fraught with peril. Some of the first families were nearly wiped out in raids during the French and Indian War. After the United States was established, the township settled into a long tranquil farming period, which lasted until the arrival of iron and the iron horse in the 1850s. Then, the Lehigh Valley became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. Communities such as Egypt, Hokendauqua, Coplay, and Fullerton sprang up around iron mills, cement plants, and railroads. The new industries brought entrepreneurs, innovators, and immigrants to Whitehall and Coplay, changing the face of the township in many ways that are still visible today.
America's portland cement industry began in the Lehigh Valley. The rich deposit of limestone known as the Jacksonburg Formation arcs through the valley from Berks County, Pennsylvania, to Warren County, New Jersey, and today it still provides the raw material for the Lehigh district's famous high-quality portland cement. Cement from the Lehigh Valley built America's skyscrapers, dams, and highways. The Lehigh Valley Cement Industry documents not only the quarries and cement mills but also the dozens of companies that sprang up to supply and support the industry. The photographs also tell the stories of the people who formed the cement communities—the entrepreneurs, executives, engineers, and immigrants whose legacies live on in the five multinational companies still making cement in the valley.
In 1900, Catasauqua was one of the wealthiest communities in America. Its electric-lighted streets were lined with businesses, stores, row houses, and ornate mansions. But when iron making ended in 1920, the "Iron Borough's" golden age soon began to fade. Compared to its booming industrial atmosphere in the 19th century, life in Catasauqua and North Catasauqua during the 20th century became quintessentially small town. Though Fuller Company and Phoenix Forge were nationally known in their own industries and the silk mills still wove luxury fabric for New York designers, many people moved elsewhere in the Lehigh Valley to work. Those who remained put down even deeper roots, buying the once-company-owned workers' houses or raising large baby-boom families in the old mansions. Church and school defined lives, and civic groups, service organizations, and sports teams provided fun, fellowship, and a sense of community.
In 1900, Catasauqua was one of the wealthiest communities in America. Its electric-lighted streets were lined with businesses, stores, row houses, and ornate mansions. But when iron making ended in 1920, the "Iron Borough's" golden age soon began to fade. Compared to its booming industrial atmosphere in the 19th century, life in Catasauqua and North Catasauqua during the 20th century became quintessentially small town. Though Fuller Company and Phoenix Forge were nationally known in their own industries and the silk mills still wove luxury fabric for New York designers, many people moved elsewhere in the Lehigh Valley to work. Those who remained put down even deeper roots, buying the once-company-owned workers' houses or raising large baby-boom families in the old mansions. Church and school defined lives, and civic groups, service organizations, and sports teams provided fun, fellowship, and a sense of community.
When the first German, Huguenot, and Scotch-Irish settlers arrived in what is now Whitehall Township nearly three hundred years ago, their lives were fraught with peril. Some of the first families were nearly wiped out in raids during the French and Indian War. After the United States was established, the township settled into a long tranquil farming period, which lasted until the arrival of iron and the iron horse in the 1850s. Then, the Lehigh Valley became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. Communities such as Egypt, Hokendauqua, Coplay, and Fullerton sprang up around iron mills, cement plants, and railroads. The new industries brought entrepreneurs, innovators, and immigrants to Whitehall and Coplay, changing the face of the township in many ways that are still visible today.
Once among the wealthiest communities in the country, Catasauqua was the birthplace of the modern American iron and steel industry. The energy and inventiveness of industrialists such as David Thomas, J.W. Fuller, and Leonard Peckitt spurred the growth and spread the fame of the Iron Borough far beyond the Lehigh Valley. Entrepreneurs and workers flocked to Catasauqua and North Catasauqua. They filled its mansions and row houses, churches and schools, silk mills, saloons, and playing fields with families who were proud to call the "Million Dollar Town" home. Their pride is evident in the images in Catasauqua and North Catasauqua. Bustling businesses, spacious schools, cherished churches, opulent houses, big parades and public celebrations, and strong, confident faces abound in these photographs. The culmination of that pride and prosperity came in 1914, when Catasauqua welcomed the world to celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Crane Iron Works with Old Home Week. Less than ten years later, the iron business was gone, its last years recorded in extraordinary photographs. Life in Catasauqua, though harder, went on and today, the heritage of the Iron Borough days is visible everywhere in both towns-the streets, houses, and churches still loved and lived in as they were a century or more ago.
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