Is it possible to speak of democratic despotisms, to attribute the adjective “democratic”, in the plural, to despotism? Can there be several types of despotism, simultaneously, in a democratic horizon? This book is born form the intuition that the answer to this question is positive; however, like any work that requires the activity of thinking, the initial hypothesis had to be tested. Through a dialogue with Alexis de Tocqueville, Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault, this book reconstructs some of their political concepts in order to create a broad theoretical horizon in which we will move. Having set its conceptual horizon, it then progressively builds a diagnosis of our present condition. Despite the difficulties and aporias brought about by liberal democracy, it is necessary to become aware that it has anti-democratic, anti-liberal and even totalitarian seeds within. Human beings oscillate between the search for security and certainty, brought about by the establishment and maintenance of order, and, on the other hand, the desire for a freedom that allows them to believe, to be and to live with others.
Is it possible to speak of democratic despotisms, to attribute the adjective “democratic”, in the plural, to despotism? Can there be several types of despotism, simultaneously, in a democratic horizon? This book is born form the intuition that the answer to this question is positive; however, like any work that requires the activity of thinking, the initial hypothesis had to be tested. Through a dialogue with Alexis de Tocqueville, Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault, this book reconstructs some of their political concepts in order to create a broad theoretical horizon in which we will move. Having set its conceptual horizon, it then progressively builds a diagnosis of our present condition. Despite the difficulties and aporias brought about by liberal democracy, it is necessary to become aware that it has anti-democratic, anti-liberal and even totalitarian seeds within. Human beings oscillate between the search for security and certainty, brought about by the establishment and maintenance of order, and, on the other hand, the desire for a freedom that allows them to believe, to be and to live with others.
Roberto Burle Marx was one of the most influential landscape and garden designers of the 20th century. This book presents 26 projects in plans, photographs and Burle Marx's own paintings. The introduction considers his life, ideas and work.
This book investigates whether national courts could and should import innovative solutions from abroad in the adjudication of complex legal disputes. Special attention is paid to the concept of “legally relevant damage” and its importance in overcoming the deadlock created by the category of “pure economic loss” in the Portuguese and German tort law systems. These systems are essentially based on the concept of unlawfulness (“Rechtswidrigkeit”), which limits the compensation for pure economic loss to where a protective rule is infringed. These losses have nevertheless been compensated for through the extensive interpretation of rules and the appeal to near-contractual devices, which has been detrimental to legal certainty, the equality before the law, and subjects’ freedom of action. This book explains why courts can and should take a proactive role and apply DCFR-based solutions in order to compensate for every loss that is worthy of legal protection.
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