This open access book discusses the contribution of sociology and survey research to climate research. The authors address the questions of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. Utilizing survey research, the book focuses on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors with population surveys and develops an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual’s GHG emissions with a few core items. While the development of these instruments was based on surveys and qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, the instruments were subsequently tested in a set of 31 European countries, revealing the international relevance of such research. The book also concludes with a brief consideration of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on environmental attitudes, situating the project globally.
This book explores whether individual attitudes and behaviors are swayed by global developments in a world increasingly populated by organizations, treaties, and other institutions that focus on environmentalism and human rights. It uses the sociological approach of World Society theory to investigate the effects of global ideas on individual environmentalism, xenophobia, and homophobia while drawing its data from a variety of international public opinion surveys. The Influence of Global Ideas on Environmentalism and Human Rights questions the dominant narrative of World Society related research as a positive influence of global ideas on various outcomes. Hadler demonstrates the complexity of this issue through empirical analyses revealing mixed trends in attitudes and behaviors from around the world. This book will be of interest to academics seeking to critically engage with World Society theory through two of its core topics: human rights and environmentalism.
This book explores whether individual attitudes and behaviors are swayed by global developments in a world increasingly populated by organizations, treaties, and other institutions that focus on environmentalism and human rights. It uses the sociological approach of World Society theory to investigate the effects of global ideas on individual environmentalism, xenophobia, and homophobia while drawing its data from a variety of international public opinion surveys. The Influence of Global Ideas on Environmentalism and Human Rights questions the dominant narrative of World Society related research as a positive influence of global ideas on various outcomes. Hadler demonstrates the complexity of this issue through empirical analyses revealing mixed trends in attitudes and behaviors from around the world. This book will be of interest to academics seeking to critically engage with World Society theory through two of its core topics: human rights and environmentalism.
This thesis discusses experimental investigations to reduce particle number emissions from gasoline engines with direct injection. Measures on a single cylinder research engine with combined usage of a particle number measurement system, a particle size distribution measurement system as well as optical diagnostics and thermodynamic analysis enable an in-depth assessment of particle formation and oxidation. Therefore, numerous optical diagnostic techniques for spray visualisation (Mie-scattering, High-Speed PIV) and soot detection (High-Speed-Imaging, Fiber optical diagnostics) are deployed. Two injectors with different hydraulic flows but identical spray-targeting are characterised and compared by measurements in a pressurised chamber. The operation at higher engine load and low engine speed is in the focus of the experimental work at the engine test bench. Thereby, the low flow velocities in the combustion chamber, caused by the low engine speed, as well as the large amount of fuel injected are major challenges for the mixture formation process. A substantial part of the thesis thus focusses on the detailed analysis of the mixture formation process, which is consisting of fuel injection, interaction of the in-cylinder charge motion with the fuel injected and the fuel properties. Measures for the optimisation of the mixture formation process and the minimisation of the particle number emissions are analysed and evaluated. The charge motion is manipulated by the impression of a directed flow, the variation of the valve timings and valve open curve. The injection process is influenced by a reduction of the hydraulic flow of the injector and an increase of the injection pressure up to 50 MPa. The investigations show fundamental effects and potentials of different variation parameters concerning their emissions reduction potential at the exemplary operation at high engine load. Due to the simultaneous analysis of the in-cylinder charge motion and a thermodynamic analysis, the results can be transferred to different engines.
Migration has been one of the most pressing societal issues throughout history. Immigrant associations play a crucial role in understanding this phenomenon. They channel migration streams, influence the assimilation of their members, and serve as representatives of the entire immigrant group in society. However, they remain an understudied subject, particularly in historical research. To address this gap, this study examines German immigrant associations in New York from the 1890s to the 1930s. Through an innovative combination of statistical and textual analyses, it explores the class composition of these associations, their intricate system of mutual aid, and their political activities. This study offers insights into how specific socio-economic motivations influenced immigrant organization and collective action, including aspects such as long-distance nationalism and cross-border ethnic identity. Ultimately, based on these findings, this study demonstrates that immigrant associations played a crucial role in helping their members adapt to a new social and economic environment. Additionally, it shows why and how immigrant associations significantly shaped the image of German immigrants in American social and political life.
With contributions from internationally recognised experts in the USA, Europe, Middle East and Asia, this manual examines the recent advances and new surgical techniques in otolaryngology. New techniques in robotic surgery are discussed in detail, as are advances in implantable and bone anchored hearing aids, nasal septal reconstruction and laryngeal electromyography. This guide includes nearly 300 colour images and illustrations to help clinicians and ENT surgeons understand the new developments and techniques.
This open access book discusses the contribution of sociology and survey research to climate research. The authors address the questions of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. Utilizing survey research, the book focuses on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors with population surveys and develops an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual’s GHG emissions with a few core items. While the development of these instruments was based on surveys and qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, the instruments were subsequently tested in a set of 31 European countries, revealing the international relevance of such research. The book also concludes with a brief consideration of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on environmental attitudes, situating the project globally.
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