The tradition of tax-exempt status for nonprofit "charitable" organizations is well established, and few would argue with the principle. But the tax-exempt sector of the economy is vast and rapidly growing, resulting in the loss of billions of dollars of tax revenue. At the same time, we have no consensus on what purpose the charitable tax exemption serves, let alone agreement on what constitutes a charity. In this important addition to the theory of tax law, Colombo and Hall develop an original "donative" theory that links the charitable tax exemption to the ability of an organization to derive donative support from the community. Their theory not only makes intuitive sense but also receives support from economic, political, and moral theory. Its implications would rationalize the charitable tax exemption, comport with legal precedent, and simplify the administration of the law. The Charitable Tax Exemption is a major contribution to the theory of tax law and should be essential reading for a wide range of lawyers dealing with taxes. It will also be enlightening for anyone involved in the operation of a nonprofit organization
Judicial Politics in the United States examines the role of courts as policymaking institutions and their interactions with the other branches of government and other political actors in the U.S. political system. Not only does this book cover the nuts and bolts of the functions, structures and processes of our courts and legal system, it goes beyond other judicial process books by exploring how the courts interact with executives, legislatures, and state and federal bureaucracies. It also includes a chapter devoted to the courts' interactions with interest groups, the media, and general public opinion and a chapter that looks at how American courts and judges interact with other judiciaries around the world. Judicial Politics in the United States balances coverage of judicial processes with discussions of the courts' interactions with our larger political universe, making it an essential text for students of judicial politics.
The CDC has reported that obesity is second only to tobacco as the leading cause of associative deaths in America. Can both be types of substance abuse? A decade ago, scientists hypothesized that loss of control over eating—which results in obesity—may be a form of addictive behavior. Using direct evidence gathered by the nation’s leading experts, Eating Disorders, Overeating, and Pathological Attachment to Food: Independent or Addictive Disorders? examines the relationship between overeating and addiction. In this text, you’ll find case studies, tables, figures, and analyses supporting the hypothesis that there are important similarities between highly desirable foods and the classic addictive substances. Researchers have only recently come to a consensus that obesity is a disease, but the debate continues as to whether it is related to depression, personality disorders, or addictions. In Eating Disorders, Overeating, and Pathological Attachment to Food, you will gain new insight on: the social and environmental factors related to eating disorders problem drinking and eating disorders from a gendered perspective in a college student population possible neural interconnections between eating messengers and targets for drugs of abuse neuroimaging studies on somatosensory cortex changes and hypothalamus reward responses weight gain following supervised abstinence from drugs and alcohol With overeating and obesity on the rise, Eating Disorders, Overeating, and Pathological Attachment to Food offers new hope in the quest to help patients and clients successfully conquer their eating disorders and/or substance addictions without substituting one for another. This book is a step forward for concerted research toward a better understanding of cravings, which can lead to new therapeutic options more suited toward eating disorders and drug addiction.
Get a better understanding of what is known and what is not known in this widespread practice Screening and brief intervention (SBI) has been around for over 40 years and is a widely recognized practice. Alcohol/Drug Screening and Brief Intervention: Advances in Evidence-Based Practice provides a valuable exploration of the present literature, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening and brief intervention, and methodological challenges in studying these practices. Respected leaders in the field discuss ways to measure the use of screening and brief intervention in practice, the multiple risk factor context in which unhealthy alcohol use occurs, clinician training issues, effective strategies to screen adolescents, which patients are most likely to change from SBI, and what research is needed in the future. Screening and brief intervention are presently being used in numerous settings such as hospitals, primary care settings, trauma centers, and college health services. Alcohol/Drug Screening and Brief Intervention: Advances in Evidence-Based Practice examines in detail original research and cutting edge research issues in these settings to provide an important review of what is known and what is not known about the practice. Methodological issues are extensively discussed. This valuable book provides crucial information on the detection of small effects, standards of analysis, reporting, interpretation, the risks of bias, and the need to ensure that results have the potential to be applied in practice. Health professionals and addiction specialists get an important critical re-evaluation of the growing practice and are provided direction for future research. Other topics in Alcohol/Drug Screening and Brief Intervention: Advances in Evidence-Based Practice include: results of research on screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) exploration of data assessing the effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention evaluation of clinical alcohol screening with the AUDIT-C cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of SBI in medical settings research into SBIRT for Emergency Departments data on primary care patients with multiple risk factors research on feasibility and efficacy of no-contact interventions and more! Alcohol/Drug Screening and Brief Intervention: Advances in Evidence-Based Practice is essential reading for alcohol and drug researchers, screening and brief intervention program practitioners, physicians, nurses, health promotion advocates, Public Health Practitioners, and the State Departments of Public Health.
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