We are living in a stressful world, yet despite our familiarity with the notion, stress remains an elusive concept. In The Age of Stress, Mark Jackson explores the history of scientific studies of stress in the modern world. In particular, he reveals how the science that legitimates and fuels current anxieties about stress has been shaped by a wide range of socio-political and cultural, as well as biological, factors: stress, he argues, is both a condition and a metaphor. In order to understand the ubiquity and impact of stress in our own times, or to explain how stress has commandeered such a central place in the modern imagination, Jackson suggests that we need to comprehend not only the evolution of the medical science and technology that has gradually uncovered the biological pathways between stress and disease in recent decades, but also the shifting social, economic, and cultural contexts that have invested that scientific knowledge with meaning and authority. In particular, he argues, we need to acknowledge the manner in which enduring concerns about the effects of stress on mental and physical health are the product of broader historical preoccupations with the preservation of personal and political, as well as physiological, stability.
This book takes the reader through all the phases of designing and implementing group work research -- that is, formulating a research question, developing hypotheses, selecting instruments, and disseminating.
Electronic Inspection Copy available for instructors here Now in its Fourth Edition, this much loved text offers theoretical and philosophical depth without sacrificing what you need to know in practical terms. With an impressive suite of in-text features and online materials, as well as the authors' ability to tackle complex issues in a clear and accessible way, this textbook makes the whole scope of management research methods approachable. Inside you will find painless coverage of the entire research process as well as a critical, thoughtful treatment of important issues like ethics and politics, making this an invaluable companion to any student or researcher who needs to know about business and management research methods. New to the Fourth Edition: - Expanded coverage of mixed methods - Further guidance on choosing a research question and writing a research proposal - More visual material and an improved, full-colour layout The book's companion website has been fully updated to include: - An instructor's manual - Lecture slides - Links to further reading - More full-text articles from SAGE Journals Online - An online glossary - An author podcast Visit the Companion Webiste at www.sagepub.co.uk/easterbysmith
The new edition of Health Psychology is the perfect introduction to this rapidly developing field. Throughout the book, the psychological processes that shape health-related behaviours, and affect core functions such as the immune and cardiovascular systems, are clearly explained. These relationships provide the foundation for psychological interventions which can change cognition, perception and behaviour, thereby improving health. The book is split into five sections, and builds to provide a comprehensive overview of the field: the biological basis of health and illness stress and health coping resources: social support and individual differences motivation and behaviour relating to patients Extensively revised to include new material on behavioural change, the role of stress, resilience and social support, recovery from work, and the care of people with chronic disease, the book also includes a range of features which highlight key issues, and engage readers in applying what we have learned from research. This is essential reading for any undergraduates studying this exciting field for the first time, and the perfect primer for those embarking on postgraduate study.
Whether you are new to literature reviews or working with new types of data, this book takes the guesswork out of writing your literature review. From deciding how much literature to include to managing your data, assessing your sources, and writing results, it outlines a step-by-step process that works with any data. To help you choose best approach for your research, this book includes: · Worksheets and decision aids to help you plan and organise your literature review · Worked examples and case studies to show you what – and what not – to do in practice · Troubleshooting tips and answers to all your frequently asked questions · Online access to a literature review starter template, an exercise workbook, project diary template, and a source credibility checklist. The perfect project support for any social sciences student, this edition also includes a new chapter on analysing mixed methods research.
This book provides a new model for evidence-based policy in UK drug policy and will be essential reading for students and researchers in public policy and criminology.
Now in its Fifth Edition, this much-loved text offers theoretical and philosophical depth as well as insights into practice. The text covers the entire research process in an accessible way and provides critical, thoughtful treatment of important issues like ethics and politics, making it an invaluable companion for any business and management student New to the Fifth Edition: Expanded to include examples from across business and management including Marketing, International Business and Psychology Up-to-date, international examples and cases from a range of countries Introductory chapter looks at writing proposals in detail Chapter on the literature review now includes how to critically review Move towards new technologies and social media including discussion of wikis and cloud sourcing Improved structure and flow, with three chapters on qualitative methods and three on quantitative methods Additional practical exercises which are linked to key research tasks throughout The companion website (https://edge.sagepub.com/easterbysmith) offers a wealth of resources for both lecturers and students including, for lecturers, an instructor′s manual and PowerPoint slides and, for students, author podcasts, journal articles, web links, MCQs, datasets and a glossary.
The book is the first of its kind to specifically outline the psycho-educational nursing interventions required by the anxious, adult patient undergoing elective, ambulatory surgery. Anxiety management is a considerable issue for the majority of surgical patients and has been recognised as such for many decades. However, no formal nursing intervention currently exists to support patients during this acute phase. This book is one of the first to provide strong evidence for the way in which patients can be assisted in the management of their anxiety. Moreover, it provides future direction for surgical nursing intervention in this new era of minimal invasive surgery where patients undergoing elective procedures increasingly require less physical nursing intervention and spend very little time within the acute hospital setting.
This book is a comprehensive resource for all those studying sport at college or university. It covers qualitative and quantitative methods, and explains what research is, how to conduct a systematic review, and how to select, apply and combine research methods.The reader is supported throughout by learning activities, real-life examples and advice on further study.
Ethics and integrity in research are increasingly important for social scientists around the world. We are tackling more complex problems in the face of expanding and not always sympathetic regulation. This book surveys the recent developments and debates around researching ethically and with integrity and complying with ethical requirements. The new edition pushes beyond the work of the first edition through updated and extended coverage of issues relating to international, indigenous, interdisciplinary and internet research. Through case studies and examples drawn from all continents and from across the social science disciplines, the book: demonstrates the practical value of thinking seriously and systematically about ethical conduct in social science research identifies how and why current regulatory regimes have emerged reveals those practices that have contributed to the adversarial relationships between researchers and regulators encourages all parties to develop shared solutions to ethical and regulatory problems.
Judicial Review, Third Edition covers the grounds for review, defences to an application, the remedies and procedures involved and covers the Rules of the Superior Courts 2011, SI 691/2011. It includes cases such as article 40 inquiries (habeas corpus applications) and references to the European Court of Justice under article 234 TEC. It is the definitive text on judicial review available in Ireland and also of important reference in the United Kingdom. The law in relation to the reasonableness and proportionality of an administrative decision has been re-examined in the light of the Supreme Court decision in Meadows v Minister for Justice. Also re-examined is the law in relation to a decision-maker's obligation to give reasons for his decision in the light of the Supreme Court's decision in Mallak. As well as these, the book features a detailed account of the meaning and effect of a 'proportionality analysis' of a public act, indeed proportionality features prominently throughout the book in conjunction with the discussions on Meadows. There is also a detailed discussion of a court's approach to 'deference' in respect of a public act. In this new edition, the procedure chapters have been rewritten to take account of changes brought about by SI 691/2011 and SI 345/2015. Along with this a new chapter has been added on the philosophy of judicial review.
The widening recognition of mental health as a significant international public health issue has led to an increasing need to demonstrate that investment of resources into service development is both required and also worthwhile. In particular there is a need to generate evidence on mental health care strategies that are not only effective and appropriate but are also cost-effective and sustainable. Aimed at health policy-makers and service researchers with an interest in strengthening mental health systems, this publication sets out to highlight the need for and relevance of an economic dimension to decision-making and to summarize results from existing mental health economic analyses.
What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice? is the first book of its kind to define and place into greater perspective the meaning of evidence for evaluation professionals and applied researchers. Editors Stewart I. Donaldson, Christina A. Christie, and Melvin M. Mark provide observations about the diversity and changing nature of credible evidence, include lessons from their own applied research and evaluation practice, and suggest ways in which practitioners might address the key issues and challenges of collecting credible evidence." "This book is appropriate for a wide range of courses, including Introduction to Evaluation Research, Research Methods, Evaluation Practice, Program Evaluation, Program Development and Evaluation, and evaluation courses in Social Work, Education, Public Health, and Public Policy."--BOOK JACKET.
This book focuses on the question of how to understand quality use of research evidence in education, or what it means to use research evidence well. Internationally there are widespread efforts to increase the use of research evidence within educational policy and practice. Such efforts raise important questions about how we understand not just the quality of evidence, but also the quality of its use. To date, there has been wide-ranging debate about the former, but very little dialogue about the latter. Based on a five-year study with schools and school systems in Australia, this book sheds new light on: why clarity about quality of use is critical to educational improvement; how quality use of research evidence can be framed in education; what using research well involves and looks like in practice; what quality research use means for individuals, organisations and systems; and what aspects of using research well still need to be better understood. This book will be an invaluable resource for professionals within and beyond education who want to better understand what using research evidence well means and involves and how it can be supported.
Food Fortification: The evidence, ethics, and politics of adding nutrients to food critically analyses mandatory food fortification as a technology for protecting and promoting public health. Increasing numbers of foods fortified with novel amounts and combinations of nutrients are being introduced into the food supplies of countries around the world to raise populations' nutrient intakes. It is a technology that is becoming more widely used to tackle a variety of public health problems such as micronutrient malnutrition. Food fortification policies and programs are controversial. There are disputes over the ethics of food fortification as everyone who consumes fortified foods will be exposed to raised levels of nutrients irrespective of whether they will gain any benefit and often without their knowledge. There are also contested views about the evidence that is available to support such activities. This book discusses mandatory food fortification as an intervention to protect and promote public health through presenting a synthesis of the findings from research investigations into three topical case studies of mandatory food fortification: Universal salt iodisation to help prevent iodine deficiency disorders; mandatory flour fortification with folic acid to help prevent neural tube defects; and mandatory milk fortification with vitamin D to help prevent vitamin D deficiency. Each case study is assessed for its public health benefits, risks and ethical considerations.
Intervention research lies at the heart of social work research. It serves as a principal basis for drawing inferences about the effectiveness of practice and is used to assess the design of public policies that fund social and health programs. This book, the latest volume in the Pocket Guides to Social Work Research Methods, clearly describes the process of conducting intervention research.
Animal Welfare has been a subject of intellectual and academic study for a long time. In the past philosophers, thought-leaders and scientists have contributed to the debate, and seismic changes such as the advent of post-war industrial farming have brought about changes in attitudes to the way animals are farmed. Animal welfare as a science and philosophy can be understood as a trajectory through history of our understanding of our relationship with animals, enhanced in recent years through studies into animal behaviour and cognition and societal changes in the way we view animals. Animal Welfare Science, Husbandry and Ethics charts the history of our understanding of farm animal welfare, throughout time‚ the human use of animals in different eras, and farming in different systems‚ seeing the emergence of intensification and science and technology. The book examines the human-non-human animal relationship with a philosophical approach, examining the connections and disconnections between animals and people, and charts the beliefs and motives of different philosophers, theories and movements in animal welfare from early history to the present. The book also looks at our current animal welfare systems, examining what is working and what is not, the pathway to how we got here, and looks at future considerations for animal welfare putting forward the author's thoughts on achieving a sustainable animal welfare model. Intended for animal welfare students, teachers, researchers and academic libraries, Animal Welfare Science, Husbandry and Ethics introduces a complex subject requiring an understanding of the underlying factors and drivers of human behaviour and farming systems. Only by acknowledging the complexity, and understanding the factors contributing to that complexity, can we hope to develop an equitable and sustainable animal welfare for the future. 5m Books
This new title is the first clinical reference to address hospital-based medicine in a comprehensive, practical manner. Nationally recognized experts equip readers with actionable guidance on key areas such as evidence-based practice, clinical care delivery, peri-operative care, and managing hospital and program systems issues, making it easier than ever for providers to offer optimal care to every hospitalized patient.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The Key To Success on the National Physical Therapy Exam! Earn Your Licensure with the Help of this Student-Friendly Board ReviewIncludes 100-question practice examBrimming with color illustrations, numerous tables, valuable chapter Summaries, checklists, plus 100+ Q&A, this visually appealing and highly engaging review is the perfect way to prepare for the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTETM) for physical therapy licensure. This user-friendly review is written to parallel the exam and offers concise information on a broad range of topics found on the actual exam. Within its pages you will find insights from expert professional physical therapists on each component of the exam, encompassing a complete review of essential NPTE content. Here’s why this is the ultimate National Physical Therapy Examination review:•Valuable introductory chapter details what to expect on exam day and reveals test-taking strategies designed to maximize your score•Chapter-ending multiple-choice questions test your knowledge of specific topics•Each chapter opens with “High-Yield Terms to Learn” and concludes with a checklist of what you should know or be able to do upon completing the chapter•Color highlighted summary tables encapsulate important information, making it easy to study and remember•A practice exam with 100+ questions •Logical systems-based chapter coverage, plus special topics such as geriatrics and pediatrics
Everything you need to pass the NPTE on your first try is right here! McGraw-Hill’s NPTE (National Physical Therapy Examination) will help you study more effectively, use your preparation time wisely, and get the best score possible. With this unmatched review, you’ll sharpen your subject knowledge, strengthen your thinking skills, and build your test-taking confidence. It delivers exactly what you need to excel: a concise outline review of the curriculum that’s consistent with the APTA’s Physical Therapy Practice, important information about the NPTE, can’t miss test-taking strategies, a comprehensive practice exam. Includes: Easy-to-follow outline review of every topic found on the exam Valuable test-taking strategies and exam overview Study pearls that highlight must-know material Companion website with 600 NPTA-style questions, answer explanations, and references
Mental Health Matters in Primary Care is a new book for primary health care practitioners. Research suggests that a variety of practitioners, especially nurses who work in primary health care settings, are in an ideal position to identify and help people who are experiencing mental health problems. Designed as a practical reference and working tool, the book provides primary health care professionals with a basic introduction to mental illness, before providing detailed information about the mental health problems that are most commonly encountered in practice. Case studies are used throughout to illustrate and develop key points."--BOOK JACKET.
Split into five sections that cover your whole research journey, this book captures everything you need to understand to do a sports research project. From getting started with a research question and selecting a research approach to choosing a method of data collection and analysing and presenting research findings, it walks you step-by-step through the entire research process. The book also: Showcases a diverse range of approaches, including experiments, surveys, focus groups, interviews, systematic reviews and mixed methods, to help you choose the best option for your project. Focuses on applied research, showing you how to go beyond the classroom, conduct research in the field and manage and analyse data in the real world. Explores how your supervisor can support you to get the most out of your project. Features include over 40 student activities that encourage you to think more deeply about what you′ve learned, nearly 50 case studies highlighting research from real-world students and sport researchers, and reflection points, to help you check your understanding. For students across courses relating to Sport & Exercise Science, Coaching Practice & Development, PE and Sport, this book is a down-to-earth guide to help anyone doing a research project in sport and exercise.
Updated edition of the #1 orthopaedic evidence-based textbook and reference guide A Doody's Core Title for 2019! Dutton’s Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention provides readers with a systematic logical approach to the evaluation and intervention of the orthopedic patient. In this comprehensive and up-to-date fourth edition, Dutton strikes the perfect balance in its coverage of examination and treatment. The textbook emphasizes the appropriate use of manual techniques and therapeutic exercise while outlining the correct applications of electrotherapeutic and thermal modalities as adjuncts to the rehabilitative process. The content reflects the consistent unified voice of a single author – a prominent practicing therapist who delivers step-by-step guidance on the examination of each joint and region. This in-depth coverage leads you logically through systems review and differential diagnosis aided by decision-making algorithms & features new coverage on balance and concussions. New videos on testing and method techniques are available on AcessPT (if adopted) Also this edition has added 10-15 board review questions per chapter and has updated chapters to reflect the latest research and treatment techniques.
The #1 orthopaedic evidence-based textbook and reference guide A Doody's Core Title for 2021! Dutton’s Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention provides readers with a systematic logical approach to the examination and intervention of the orthopedic patient. This comprehensive and up-to-date fifth edition strikes the perfect balance in its coverage of the continuum of care of an orthopaedic patient. The content emphasizes the appropriate use of manual techniques and therapeutic exercise while outlining the correct applications of multiple adjuncts to the rehabilitative process. The content reflects the consistent unified voice of a single author–a prominent practicing therapist who delivers step-by-step guidance on the anatomy, biomechanics, examination, and treatment of each joint and region. This in-depth coverage leads you logically through the systems review and differential diagnosis aided by decision-making algorithms and features new coverage on balance, pain assessment, and concussions. New videos on testing and method techniques are available on AccessPT. This edition has an added 10-15 case studies as well as updated chapters to reflect the latest research and treatment techniques.
YOUR COMPLETE NPTE SUCCESS GUIDE! Everything you need to pass the NPTE on your first try is right here! This all-in-one study guide gives you a concise review of the curriculum that's consistent with the NPTE content outline. You'll also get access to 500 exam-simulating Q&As, available for download. It adds up to the most comprehensive, confidence-boosting package for acing the exam! This score-boosting all-in-one package gives you: Coverage that spans the entire physical therapy curriculum - and all the content tested on the NPTE Quick-study content review format Exam-style questions and answers at the end of each chapter 500 exam-format questions and answers that simulates the real exam, available for download
A complete evidence-based textbook and reference for physical therapy students and practitioners Dutton’s Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention provides you with a systematic, logical approach to the evaluation and intervention of the orthopedic patient. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Dutton’s strikes the perfect balance in its coverage of examination and treatment. For any intervention to be successful, an accurate diagnosis must be followed by a carefully planned and specific rehabilitation program to both the affected area and its related structure. This approach must take into consideration the structure involved and the stage of healing. Dutton’s Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention emphasizes the appropriate use of manual techniques and therapeutic exercise based on these considerations. The correct applications of electrotherapeutic and thermal modalities are outlined throughout as adjuncts to the rehabilitative process. The content reflects the consistent, unified voice of a single author – a prominent practicing therapist who delivers step-by-step guidance on the examination of each joint and region. This in-depth coverage leads you logically through systems review and differential diagnosis, aided by decision-making algorithms. Features: NEW full-color illustrations of anatomy and treatment and evaluation procedures Review Q&A for each chapter Companion DVD includes 500 illustrative video clips Chapters updated to reflect the latest research and treatment techniques
A Doody's Core Title for 2023! The #1 most trusted evidence-based text in orthopaedic physical therapy The definitive text for orthopedic students, Dutton’s Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention delivers a logical, systematic approach to hands-on orthopedic treatment. This new edition offers the perfect balance in its coverage of the continuum of care, emphasizing the appropriate use of manual techniques and therapeutic exercise while outlining the correct applications of multiple adjuncts to the rehabilitative process. Aided by decision-making algorithms, this comprehensive guide covers anatomy, biomechanics, examination, and treatment of each joint and region and features. Evidence-based and written by a prominent practicing therapist, this is an essential resource for physical therapy students and practitioners. Features 1,200+ photos and illustrations depict orthopaedic techniques NEW videos on testing and method techniques available on AccessPhysiotherapy NEW information on balance, pain assessment, gait, and concussions Incorporates the APTA Practice Patterns to address certain dysfunctions
Written by a practicing physical therapist, this comprehensive textbook provides the conceptual framework necessary to understand every aspect of physical therapy and eventually perform physical therapy intervention. Includes a companion DVD that provides video coverage of more than fifty techniques discussed in the book.--From publisher description.
We live in an era where people live longer but also suffer from more chronic illnesses. Yet these two issues present not only significant challenges to healthcare professionals, but also governments seeking cost-effective ways to manage their health and social care budgets. Encouraging people to live healthier lifestyles is, therefore, a fundamental issue for both those at risk as well as for society as a whole. This is the first textbook to present not only the theoretical foundations that explain health behavior change but also the methods by which change can be assessed and the practical contexts where theory and method can be applied. Covering behavior change aimed at improving health as well as preventing disease, it places behavior change firmly in context with the social and demographic changes which make it such an urgent issue, from the rise in levels of obesity to an aging population. The book considers the role of individuals but also other important influences on health behavior, such as the environment in which people live, public policy and technological changes. Fostering a critical perspective, and including case studies in each chapter with key issues highlighted throughout, the book provides a complete understanding of health behavior change, from its theoretical building blocks to the practical challenges of developing and testing an intervention. It will be essential reading for students and researchers of health psychology, public health and social work, as well as any professional working in this important area.
Was the John Foster Dulles who personified the Cold War as U.S. secretary of state in the 1950s the same man who denounced narrow nationalism as a leader of worldwide ecumenism and liberal Protestantism in the 1930s? In this remarkable study Mark Toulouse documents the 'transformation' of Dulles 'from prophet of realism to priest of nationalism,' overturning misconceptions of those historians who have tended to read Dulles's early years backward from what they know of him as secretary of sate. Christian missions and international diplomacy shaped John Foster Dulles from childhood. His father was a liberal Presbyterian minister; one grandfather had been a missionary to India, while the other had served as U.S. secretary of state under Benjamin Harrison, and an uncle would serve Woodrow Wilson in the same office. As a Princeton undergraduate Dulles accompanied his grandfather to an international peace conference at The Hadue in 1907, where he became a secretary to the Chinese delegation. That experience, and a year at the Sorbonne, pointed Dulles toward international law rather than the ministry. But he remained an active, ecumenically minded Presbyterian lay leader, serving in several important denominational posts. He successfully defended the the controversial Harry Emerson Fosdick and Henry P. Van Dusen before the Presbyterian General Assembly when fundamentalists attempted to depose them. In 1921 Dulles was appointed to the newly formed Commission on International Justice and Goodwill of the Federal Council of Churches. Dulles emerged as an international leader in 1937 at the ecumenical Oxford conference on life and work. Convinced in his discussions there of the ned to translate his inherited 'spiritual values' into practical international diplomacy, Dulles organized and became chairman of the Federal Council's Commission to Study the Bases of a Just and Durable Peace. Through the years of world war and as a participant in the United Nations Conference in 1945, Dulles sought a peace that would transcend the narrow concerns of nationalism and political ideology. But after 1945, as Professor Toulous shows, the 'prophetic realism' that had guided Dulles's ecumenical quest for world peace and justice became a 'priestly nationalism' that uncompromisingly pursued the international political aims of the United States in the name of a 'supreme moral law.' Toulouse's incisive analysis of that 'transformation' is compelling reading for scholars of international diplomacy and American religion, and for every person who seeks to reconcile the imperatives of religion with the necessities of statecraft" --
This popular, established text has been expanded to include the most up-to-date research on social cognition models and health behaviours. This edition takes account of important developments in the field, and features: Three completely new chapters on Self-determination Theory, Prototype-Willingness Model and Health Behaviour Change Techniques Updated work on the health belief model, protection motivation theory, social cognitive theory and the theory of planned behavior New models and greater focus on health behaviour change Providing the theoretical background and examples of how to apply the most common social cognition models to health behaviours, this book thoroughly examines how to: Assess the advantages and disadvantages of using each of these models Appropriately apply each model in practice Adequately analyze and report the results Apply the models to change health behaviour Predicting and Changing Health Behaviour boasts many of the leading names in the field and provides key reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, health promoters, health psychologists and others assessing health behaviour.
A complete, evidence-based guide to orthopaedic evaluation and treatment Acclaimed in its first edition, this one-of-a-kind, well-illustrated resource delivers a vital evidence-based look at orthopaedics in a single volume. It is the ultimate source of orthopaedic examination, evaluation, and interventions, distinguished by its multidisciplinary approach to PT practice. Turn to any page, and you'll find the consistent, unified voice of a single author-a prominent practicing therapist who delivers step-by-step guidance on the examination of each joint and region. This in-depth coverage leads clinicians logically through systems review and differential diagnosis, aided by decision-making algorithms for each joint. It's all here: everything from concise summaries of functional anatomy and biomechanics, to an unmatched overview of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.
Ace your introductory PTA courses and launch a successful career in physical therapy The hands-down most trusted name for safe, effective physical therapy, Dutton’s now delivers the information and insights to guide you through your foundational courses. Dutton’s Introductory Skills and Procedures for the Physical Therapist Assistant covers the fundamentals of the field and helps you build your documentation and clinical decision-making skills―the keys to PTA success. Packed with color photos, illustrations, and line drawings, it provides access to videos demonstrating important techniques and skills throughout. This peerless resource covers: Healthcare regulations Clinical documentation Patient-client management Taking vital signs Muscle testing Range of motion Gait training Bed mobility Patient draping Patient transfers Assistive devices and wheelchairs The concepts and skills outlined in Dutton’s Introductory Skills and Procedures for the Physical Therapist Assistant will form the foundation of knowledge you need to succeed in the field of physical therapy.
Such diverse thinkers as Lao-Tze, Confucius, and U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld have all pointed out that we need to be able to tell the difference between real and assumed knowledge. The systematic review is a scientific tool that can help with this difficult task. It can help, for example, with appraising, summarising, and communicating the results and implications of otherwise unmanageable quantities of data. This book, written by two highly-respected social scientists, provides an overview of systematic literature review methods: Outlining the rationale and methods of systematic reviews; Giving worked examples from social science and other fields; Applying the practice to all social science disciplines; It requires no previous knowledge, but takes the reader through the process stage by stage; Drawing on examples from such diverse fields as psychology, criminology, education, transport, social welfare, public health, and housing and urban policy, among others. Including detailed sections on assessing the quality of both quantitative, and qualitative research; searching for evidence in the social sciences; meta-analytic and other methods of evidence synthesis; publication bias; heterogeneity; and approaches to dissemination.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) are now widely established procedures. This study describes the availability of and access to CABG and PTCA purchased by the NHS, the variation that exists within the UK and the impact of the NHS reforms introduced in April 1991.
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