Vibrant and captivating Nevada City began as a gold-mining camp called Deer Creek Dry Diggins. The large gravel deposits alongside this creek reportedly delivered a pound of pay dirt a day by the fall of 1849, when A. B. Caldwells general store opened to supply this haphazard collection of tents. By March 1850, somewhere between 6,000 and 16,000 boisterous souls called it home, and the new town was christened Nevada, meaning snow covered in Spanish. After 1861, townsfolk took to adding City to the name, to avoid confusion with the new state whose Comstock silver strike drained off many Nevada City residents. Seven fires burned early Nevada City to the ground, sparking a fashion for brick architecture that is evident in many of the 93 downtown structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Nevada County was the richest and largest gold-producing county of California. From the beginning of the 1849 Gold Rush until the last quartz mine closed in the 1956, gold was the number-one industry in Nevada County. Not everyone came to California for the gold--some came for the rich and plentiful land available and the opportunity for a better life. After the Gold Rush was deemed over by historians, it was the fertile land of California that became known as the state's Second Gold Rush. Of the 10 soil types found around the world, California has all 10. Producing farms and ranches, small and large, made agriculture Nevada County's third-largest industry after gold mining and the lumber. But of the three important industries, only agriculture has survived and is thriving today. Many of the pioneer, multigenerational ranches and farms continue to operate today on the land their owners' ancestors worked. These ranches have a rich history of contributing to the economic community as well as conserving the land for future generations.
Nevada County is webbed with some of the richest veins of goldbearing quartz in the world. First discovered in 1849 as placer gold washed into creek beds, hydraulic miners later used massive jets of water to melt mountains and free the precious metal. Rich lodegold districts such as Grass Valley and Nevada City were the most productive in California, and innovations such as hydraulic mining began here and spread throughout the nation. Whimsical names like You Bet, Red Dog, Rough and Ready, French Corral, and Blue Tent hint at the colorful beginnings of dozens of camps that grew from wild and chaotic tent towns to bustling young communities, complete with schools, churches, and businesses. Boomtowns North San Juan, North Bloomfield, and Columbia propelled Nevada County to the head of the state's economy by 1900 and hundreds of miles of gold-bearing quartz veins continued to be tapped in underground tunnels for another 50 years or more.
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