The extensively re-written and updated edition of this highly acclaimed text provides a synthesis of the latest research on the cognitive defects of dyslexia and reviews evidence concerning its biological bases.
Since dyslexia was first described in the British Medical Journal in 1896, there has been debate about the definitions and diagnostic procedures used, with some casting doubt on its very existence. However, there is now a considerable body of research regarding the nature and characteristics of this relatively common learning disorder. The contemporary view of dyslexia has emerged from a century of research in medicine, psychology and more recently neuroscience, and we now understand enough about this learning disorder to guide policy and practice. This Very Short Introduction provides an accessible overview of this exciting field of research, beginning with its history, and drawing on testimony from people living with dyslexia. Considering the potential causes of dyslexia, and looking at both genetic and environment factors, Margaret Snowling shows how cross-linguistic studies have documented the prevalence of dyslexia in different languages. Discussing the various brain scanning techniques that have been used to find out if the brains of people with dyslexia differ in structure or function from those of typical readers, Snowling moves on to weigh up various strategies and interventions which can help people living with dyslexia today. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
In 1896 the British physician William Pringle Morgan published an account of “Percy,” a “bright and intelligent boy, quick at games, and in no way inferior to others of his age.” Yet, in spite of his intelligence, Percy had great difficulty learning to read. Percy was one of the first children to be described as having word-blindness, better known today as dyslexia. In this first comprehensive history of dyslexia Philip Kirby and Margaret Snowling chart a journey that begins with Victorian medicine and continues to dyslexia’s current status as the most globally recognized specific learning difficulty. In an engaging narrative style, Kirby and Snowling tell the story of dyslexia, examining its origins and revealing the many scientists, teachers, and campaigners who put it on the map. Through this history they explain current debates over the diagnosis of dyslexia and its impact on learning. For those who have lived experience of dyslexia, professionals who have supported them, and scholars of social history, education, psychology, and childhood studies, Dyslexia reflects on the place of literacy in society – whom it has benefited, and whom it has left behind.
This book is intended to help language teachers to work effectively and successfully with students who have Specific Learning Differences (SpLDs). It enables teachers to gain a thorough understanding of the nature of SpLDs and how these affect both general learning processes and the mechanisms of second language acquisition. In addition, the book explores the particular inclusive methods and techniques of teaching and assessment that foster success in language learning. Language teaching is embedded in a wider social and educational context, and therefore the book also provides an in-depth discussion of general educational issues related to identifying and disclosing disabilities and to making transitions from one institution to the other. The content has been thoroughly updated and revised for the second edition, particularly in the areas of inclusive pedagogies, new evidence-based methods and tools for identifying SpLDs, and new conceptualisations of neurodiversity. The book also includes the latest research on assessment, transition and progression, and the impact of SpLDs on additional language learning.
Written by authors with extensive experience of working with students with dyslexia, this book provides clear guidance and practical strategies for dyslexia-friendly practice for those working with young people aged 14 to 19 and adults in education or work-based training. Looking at how dyslexia impacts on learning, the authors suggest ways to improve the learning environment and explain how to help students develop the basic skills that will help them to make the transition from study to employment. Building on the latest research and understanding of dyslexia, they also consider overlapping syndromes, emotional and social issues, and funding.
Winner of the prestigious UK Literacy Association Academic Book Award for 2015 in its original edition, this fully revised edition of Learning to be Literate uniquely analyses research into literacy from the 1960s through to 2015 with some surprising conclusions. Margaret Clark explores the argument that young children growing up in a literate environment are forming hypotheses about the print around them, including environmental print, television, computer games and mobile phones. In a class where no child can yet read there is a wide range of understanding with regards to concepts of print and the critical features of written language. While to any literate adult, the relationship between spoken and written language may be obvious, young children have to be helped to discover it. This persuasive argument demonstrates the value of research in order to make informed policy decisions about children’s literacy development. Accessible and succinct, Professor Clark’s writing brings into sharp focus the processes involved in becoming literate. The effect on practice of many recent government policies she claims run counter to these insights. The key five thematic sections are backed up with case studies throughout and include: Insights from Literacy Research: 1960s to 1980s Young Literacy Learners: how we can help them Curriculum Developments and Literacy Policies, 1988 to 1997: a comparison between England and Scotland Synthetic Phonics and Literacy Learning: government policy in England 2006 to 2015 Interpretations of Literacy in the Twenty-first Century
This major new undergraduate textbook provides students with everything they need when studying developmental psychology. Guiding students through the key topics, the book provides both an overview of traditional research and theory as well as an insight into the latest research findings and techniques. Taking a chronological approach, the key milestones from birth to adolescence are highlighted and clear links between changes in behaviour and developments in brain activity are made. Each chapter also highlights both typical and atypical developments, as well as discussing and contrasting the effects of genetic and environmental factors. The book contains a wealth of pedagogical features to help students engage with the material, including: Learning objectives for every chapter Key term definitions Over 100 colour illustrations Chapter summaries Further reading Suggested essay questions. A Student’s Guide to Developmental Psychology is supported by a companion website, featuring a range of helpful supplementary resources including exclusive video clips to illustrate key developmental concepts. This book is essential reading for all undergraduate students of developmental psychology. It will also be of interest to those in education, healthcare and other subjects requiring an up-to-date and accessible overview of child development.
`This is a beautifully written account of the most important ways in which developmental psychologists go about their business, illustrated with carefully chosen articles which are carefully described in order to make the designs, methodologies, analysis and interpretation of the results readily accessible to a non-expert readership. This will become the preferred textbook for those who want an up-to-date, interesting and accessible introduction to developmental psychology research′ - Alan Slater, University of Exeter A wide range of techniques is used to investigate children′s development. This book, which is aimed at advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students in psychology and related areas, provides a guide to key theories and methods used by researchers. Carefully chosen articles are accompanied by a commentary from the author that, among other things, helps students to understand the rationale for a study, the choice of design and assessment measures, use of statistics and the interpretation of results. A wide range of recent research papers is included to cover observational and experimental methods from infancy to adolescence. The research papers are introduced by two chapters that consider the relationship between theory and methods, explaining how models of development differ from one another and how they can be tested through experimental studies.
Recent policy initiatives illuminate the need for greater teacher awareness about dyslexia in secondary and tertiary education. Yet the debates about dyslexia are often narrowly based and can exclude some teachers. This book attempts to open up the debate by bringing together different ways of talking and thinking about dyslexia. Fundamental questions about how to respond to dyslexia in teaching and support contexts are addressed and the significance of â??exploratory conversionsâ?? between learners and tutors is recognised. The need to restructure â??the structured approachâ?? and to consider meta-affectivity as well as metacognition is explored. Practitioners in both secondary and tertiary sectors can gain ready access to contributions from internationally respected writers and teachers in the field. Alan Hurstâ??s preface refers to â??this important bookâ?? as paving the way to a more truly inclusive attitude and approach to education in and beyond compulsory schooling.
This edited volume examines current disability classification systems, the dilemmas educators face in categorizing students with special needs, and alternative options based on recent challenges and trends.
Margaret Matlin and new co-author Thomas Farmer's book demonstrates how cognitive processes are relevant to everyday, real-world experiences, and frequently examines how cognition can be applied to other disciplines such as clinical psychology, social psychology, consumer psychology, education, communication, business, medicine, and law.
Making sense of what a teacher observes in the classroom is vital to their development as a new teacher and a fundamental aspect of high-quality literacy teaching. By providing real-life case studies that analyse what underpins interactions between teachers and children, this book will help them understand literary learning processes and develop their own practice. Key features of this second edition include: A new chapter on teaching grammar, spelling and punctuation Links to the National Curriculum in England and the Curriculum for Excellence in Scotland Expanded discussion on teaching phonics Clear guidance on how to undertake assessment without levels.
The early years are increasingly recognized as a priority time for the education of children and language and literacy are key elements of any early childhood program. This second edition provides an accessible text on the current research and thinking surrounding these areas and demonstrates clearly how this theory can work in practice. The authors provide guidance on planning, assessment and recording; suggest appropriate activities, resources and play ideas to help those who work with or are planning to work within the foundation stage. The second edition includes specific reference to both the curriculum guidance for the Foundation Curriculum and the framework of teaching objectives for the National Literacy Strategy and puts these within a framework which acknowledges the centrality of play and talk in the early years. The book is firmly grounded in the requirements of the Foundation curriculum and is a suitable textbook for undergraduate early childhood courses, all those following routes into early years teaching, and existing practitioners in all types of early years settings. The book will also be appropriate reading for LEA advisers and those who inspect early years settings.
Identifies evidence-backed and easy-to-implement strategies for encouraging young people to read, and helps you to position your library as an indispensable resource for supporting reading. While most reading research focuses on young children, this book looks at how to support reading beyond the early years and into adulthood. Reporting on strong, peer-reviewed research supported by sound theoretical and methodological approaches, it emphasizes the practical implications of these findings, sharing what this means for you in terms of how you can be a powerful positive reading model and influence in young people's lives. Enriched with the voices of today's young people, the book includes quotes that allow readers to decide how to support reading engagement for tweens and teens based on what would make them read more, as expressed in their own words. Engaging and readable, it will be of interest to school and public librarians and can be shared with teachers, parents, and other literacy instructors and advocates.
Developmental Psychology: A Student's Handbook is a major textbook that provides an up-to-date account of theory and research in the rapidly-changing field of child development. Margaret Harris and George Butterworth have produced an outstanding volume that includes recent research from Britain, Europe, and the USA. The text is designed for undergraduate students who have little or no prior knowledge of developmental psychology. Key features include: Specially designed textbook features, such as key term definitions, chapter summaries, and annotated further reading sections Over 95 figures and tables, to illustrate principles described in the text Additional boxed material, to add further insight and aid understanding Clear, user-friendly layout, to make topics easy to locate The book places developmental psychology in its historical context, tracing the emergence of the field as an independent discipline at the end of the 19th century, and following the radical changes that have occurred in our understanding of children's development since then. The development of the child is covered in sequence: through conception, pre-natal development, birth, infancy, and the pre-school years, to the achievements of the school years, and the changes that occur during adolescence. Each period is addressed in terms of cognitive, social, and linguistic development, including discussion of reading, spelling, and mathematical development. There is also consideration of comparative research concerning the development of cognitive abilities in other primates. Developmental Psychology: A Student's Handbook is essential reading for all undergraduate students of developmental psychology. It will also be of interest to those in education and healthcare studying child development.
Learning to read is one of the most important life skills teachers can help a child develop. Teaching reading is a vital part of a career in the classroom and engaging with the range of different learning styles children have is a real challenge. Trainee teachers need to learn how to address this variety of learning needs, and also meet the wider demands of the curriculum. Margaret Perkins helps students meet these challenges to become a confident, reflective teacher of reading by providing: * An in-depth explanation of phonics teaching alongside other teaching approaches, empowering trainees to choose the right approach for each individual child *Key research findings so students can apply the latest thinking to their teaching practice *School-based activities and independent learning tasks to help apply theory to practice, and develop teaching skills through self-reflection *Classroom scenarios of teacher-child interactions that demonstrate how children learn and respond to different teaching strategies.
The Hamiltonians is a collection of stories about the most interesting and influential people who made Hamilton their home. These tales are told by some of the city's most expert writers.
During the past decade, significant advances have been made in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, resulting in a considerable impact on conceptualization, diagnostics, and practice. The second edition of Child Neuropsychology: Assessment and Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Disorders brings readers up to speed clearly and authoritatively, offering the latest information on neuroimaging technologies, individual disorders, and effective treatment of children and adolescents. Starting with the basics of clinical child neuropsychology and functional anatomy, the authors present a transactional framework for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. The book carefully links structure and function—and behavioral and biological science—for a more nuanced understanding of brain development and of pathologies as varied as pervasive developmental disorders, learning disabilities, neuromotor dysfunction, seizure disorders, and childhood cancers. This volume features a range of salient features valuable to students as well as novice and seasoned practitioners alike, including: Overview chapters that discuss the effects of biogenic and environmental factors on neurological functioning. New emphasis on multicultural/cross-cultural aspects of neuropsychology and assessment. Brand new chapters on interpretation, neuropsychological assessment process, and report writing. An integrative model of neurological, neuroradiological, and psychological assessment and diagnosis. Balanced coverage of behavioral, pharmacological, and educational approaches to treatment. Case studies illustrating typical and distinctive presentations and successful diagnosis, treatment planning, and intervention. Important practice updates, including the new HIPAA regulations. Child Neuropsychology, 2nd Edition, is vital reading for school, clinical child, and counseling psychologists as well as neuropsychologists. The book also provides rich background and practical material for graduate students entering these fields.
Listening to children read, both at home and at school, has long been regarded as a vital element in the teaching of reading. However, it is a practice which is rarely examined in any detail. This book shows why it is not enough just to 'Hear Readers' and demonstrates how adult interventions should change as children's reading develops through five distinct but overlapping stages. This book explains the central importance of cues - those providers of the information which a reader uses to solve a problem word - and redefines 'the basics' by identifying the three permanent components of reading - 'Reading The Lines', 'Between The Lines' and 'Beyond the Lines'. The authors outline practical classroom activities to help children develop competence in balancing cues, highlighting the integration of meaning and phonics. This accessible book will be an invaluable resource for all adults involved in teaching reading. It provides a rationale for good practice and offers practical and adaptable materials which can be used to support initial training, Inset, workshops for classroom helpers, and parent-meetings.
Child Neuropsychology guides therapists and neurologists toward common goals: early, accurate diagnosis and finely focused interventions across disciplines. This groundbreaking volume brings vital perspectives to assessment and treatment. For clinical child practitioners as well as for advanced students, this book contains the essential tools needed to meet the complex challenges of diagnosing and treating brain-based illnesses.
Developing Reading Comprehension “In recent years the debate about teaching young children to read has tended to focus upon equipping them with the crucially important knowledge and skills they need to read words accurately in and out of context, that is to say, teaching them how the alphabet works for reading and spelling. While such knowledge and skills are essential, more is required for children to become literate, fluent readers who understand what they read. In short, the goal of reading is comprehension. This book scrupulously examines the obstacles to reading comprehension and exemplifies what can be done to help children overcome them. It is an important and timely contribution to securing high-quality teaching of the range of attributes children need to become fully-fledged readers.” Sir Jim Rose, CBE “The studies by Professors Charles Hulme and Maggie Snowling and their team over two decades based around the Reading Intervention Programme are the most sustained, comprehensive and rigorous research series on reading yet conducted in the UK. Their increasing focus on children who experience the most difficulty in reading is exactly where attention should be directed. This volume summarises the team’s achievements to date, and is most eagerly awaited.” Greg Brooks, Emeritus Professor of Education, University of Sheffield, Member of European High Level Group of Experts on Literacy “Developing Reading Comprehension presents a landmark study from the top research team in the UK on how to improve reading comprehension. It’s an exemplary masters-level textbook written with undergraduate-level lucidity and approachability.” Colin Harrison, Emeritus Professor of Literacy Studies in Education, University of Nottingham A significant minority of children aged 7–11, despite being able to read fluently and accurately, have difficulty extracting meaning from text. This detailed guide offers three evidence-based intervention programmes, drawn from the cutting edge of educational psychology, for improving the reading skills of children in this group. It includes a definitive introduction to the characteristics of the ‘poor comprehender profile’, and explains how to monitor and assess students’ experiences and learning outcomes. With invaluable strategies for teachers, psychologists and special educational needs coordinators, the book will help professionals to support learners in their efforts to explore the full richness of language and to read with real understanding.
This important new text is a comprehensive survey of current thinking and research on a wide range of developmental disorders. Highlights key research on normal and typical development Includes clinical case studies and diagrams to illustrate key concepts A reader-friendly writing style
Developing Language and Literacy: Effective Intervention in the Early Years describes successful intervention programmes to improve the phonological skills, vocabulary, and grammar of young children at risk of reading difficulties. Presents two structured intervention programmes to provide support for young children with language and literacy difficulties Describes clearly how to improve the language and foundation literacy skills of young children in the classroom Includes information about how to assess research, and how to monitor and design intervention strategies for use with individual children Helps teachers to develop an understanding of the intervention and research process as a whole Additional journal content to support this title is available click here
The Reading and Language Intervention for Children with Down Syndrome (RLI) teaches language and literacy skills following evidence-based principles adapted to meet the children’s specific learning needs. It is designed for pupils with Down syndrome aged 5 to 11 years. The intervention is suitable for beginning readers through to those with reading ages up to 8 years and for students with a wide range of language abilities. Teaching is adapted to meet individual needs through initial assessments of skills and regular monitoring of progress. Together with two accompanying DVDs illustrating teaching techniques and a CD of resources, the handbook offers teachers and teaching assistants the detailed guidance, assessment tools and example teaching materials needed to implement the intervention.
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