What was the first language, and where did it come from? Do all languages have properties in common? What is the relationship of language to thought? Fifty Key Thinkers on Language and Linguistics explores how fifty of the most influential figures in the field have asked and have responded to classic questions about language. Each entry includes a discussion of the person’s life, work and ideas as well as the historical context and an analysis of his or her lasting contributions. Thinkers include: Aristotle Samuel Johnson Friedrich Max Müller Ferdinand de Saussure Joseph H. Greenberg Noam Chomsky Fully cross-referenced and with useful guides to further reading, this is an ideal introduction to the thinkers who have had a significant impact on the subject of Language and Linguistics.
This volume is a concise introduction to the lively ongoing debate between formalist and functionalist approaches to the study of language. The book grounds its comparisons between the two in both historical and contemporary contexts where, broadly speaking, formalists’ focus on structural relationships and idealized linguistic data contrasts with functionalists’ commitment to analyzing real language used as a communicative tool. The book highlights key sub-varieties, proponents, and critiques of each respective approach. It concludes by comparing formalist versus functionalist contributions in three domains of linguistic research: in the analysis of specific grammatical constructions; in the study of language acquisition; and in interdisciplinary research on the origins of language. Taken together, the volume opens insight into an important tension in linguistic theory, and provides students and scholars with a more nuanced understanding of the structure of the discipline of modern linguistics.
This first linguistic study of British Sign Language is written for students of linguistics, for deaf and hearing sign language researchers, for teachers and social workers for the deaf. The author cross-refers to American Sign Language, which has usually been more extensively studied by linguists, and compares the two languages.
Sensation and Perception, Fifth Edition maintains the standard of clarity and coverage set in earlier editions, which make the technical scientific information accessible to a wide range of students. The authors have received national awards for their teaching and are fully responsible for the content and organization of the text. As a result, it features strong pedagogy, abundant student-friendly examples, and an engaging conversational style.
Mass Communication Theories: Explaining Origins, Processes, and Effects explores mass communication theories within the social and cultural context that influenced their origins. An intimate examination of the lives and times of prominent mass communication theorists both past and present bring the subject to life for the reader.
The stories of six women for whom a career in education serves as leverage to live their lives as agents of change. By profiling women as educational activists, the book challenges historical interpretations that have cast women as passive in the face of educational change.
Because Thomas Bishop was born to a slave mother, he is condemned to a life of slavery even though he has a white father out there somewhere he has never met. But he has a dream—an impossible one. His dream to one day be free and prosperous enough to offer a secure future to the woman he loves, seems unlikely. Even after being whipped mercilessly for learning to read—which the law in Missouri prohibits—secreted away in the middle of the night, sold, and then reported as dead, Thomas’s dream still can’t be squelched. Determined to escape the cruel institution of slavery, he and his companions set out into the unknown with bloodhounds hot on their trail, only to discover the Underground Railroad—a group of people filled with compassion for the unfortunate victims of slavery. With their help and an unshakable trust in God, he travels across Missouri to Kansas Territory, but even then, will it be enough to achieve the fulfillment of such a ridiculous dream? In this novel a slave while pursuing his dream of freedom and prosperity for himself and the woman he loves connects with the Underground Railroad as he sets out on an unforgettable journey.
From the ancient Mediterranean world to the present day, our conceptions of what is universal in language have interacted with our experiences of language learning. This book tells two stories: the story of how scholars in the west have conceived of the fact that human languages share important properties despite their obvious differences, and the story of how westerners have understood the nature of second or foreign language learning. In narrating these two stories, the author argues that modern second language acquisition theory needs to reassess what counts as its own past. The book addresses Greek contributions to the prehistory of universal grammar, Roman bilingualism, the emergence of the first foreign language grammars in the early Middle Ages, and the Medieval speculative grammarians efforts to define the essentials of human language. The author shows how after the renaissance expanded people's awareness of language differences, scholars returned to the questions of universals in the context of second language learning, including in the 1660 Port-Royal grammar which Chomsky notoriously celebrated in Cartesian Linguistics. The book then looks at how Post-Saussurean European linguistics and American structuralism up to modern generative grammar have each differently conceived of universals and language learning. Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition is a remarkable contribution to the history of linguistics and will be essential reading for students and scholars of linguistics, specialists in second language acquisition and language teacher-educators.
This book proposes that phonological contrast, in particular the robustness of a phonemic contrast, does not depend solely on the presence of minimal pairs, but is instead affected by a set of phonetic, usage-based, and systemic factors. This perspective opens phonology to a more direct interpretation through phonetic analysis, undertaken in a series of case studies on the Romanian vowel system. Both the synchronic phonetics and morpho-phonological alternations are studied, to understand the forces that have historically shaped and now maintain the phonemic system of Romanian. A corpus study of phoneme type frequency in Romanian reveals marginal contrasts among vowels, in which a sharp distinction between allophones and phonemes fails to capture relationships among sounds. An investigation of Romanian /Ɨ/ provides insight into the historical roots of marginal contrast, and a large acoustic study of Romanian vowels and diphthongs is a backdrop for evaluating the phonetic and perceptual realization of marginal contrast. The results provide impetus for a model in which phonology, phonetics, morphology and perception interact in a multidimensional way.
Research for Social Workers has built a strong reputation as an accessible guide to the key research methods and approaches used in the discipline. Ideal for beginners, the book outlines the importance of social work research, its guiding principles and explains how to choose a topic area, develop research questions together with describing the key steps in the research process. The authors outline the principles of sampling, systematic reviews and surveys and interviews, provide guidance on evaluation and statistical analysis and explain how research can influence policy and practice. This new edition includes: • an expanded discussion of rigour in qualitative research • more detailed analysis of systematic reviews • a new section on on-line surveys • enhanced examination of action research including recent examples of action research programs and • an expanded section on evidence-based practice. Featuring practical examples and end-of-chapter exercises and questions, and using non-technical language throughout, this is a vital reference tool for both students and practicing social workers.
This text provides specially written profiles of eight key discourse analysts, describing each one's main contribution to the field, and introducing their method of discourse analysis.
A description of Northern and Kaigani Haida culture change as understood from a study of over two hundred late nineteenth-century photographs and relevant documentary evidence and ethnographic data.
Long before they can make any sounds approaching language, infants can share in communication, though what this means is the subject of much scrutiny. This 1979 volume deliberately draws on people whose different backgrounds have brought them to explore questions that have a bearing on communication in this earliest phase of human infancy. This is, then, as Dr Bullowa says in her introduction, primarily a book about 'how scientists go about finding out how infants and adults communicate with one another'. It is nowhere dogmatic; contributors have all been encouraged to say why they came to do the research reported, how they set about it and what they discovered. Dr Bullowa herself provides a useful introduction which makes its own substantial contribution, while surveying the broad context of the particular research, discussing some of the themes that recur in the book and relating them to the wider literature.
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